Ain Shams University Heat Transfer
Faculty of Engineering Fall 2025
Mechanical Power Engineering Dep. Dr. Tamer Maher
Sheet (2)
One Dimension Steady-State Conduction Heat Transfer
1. In a manufacturing process, a transparent film is being bonded to a substrate as shown in
the figure. To achieve the bond at a temperature To, a radiant source is used to provide a
radiation heat flux qo (W/m2), all of which is absorbed at the bonded surface. The back of
the surface is maintained at Ts, while the free surface of the film is exposed to air at T∞
and convection coefficient h. show the thermal circuit representing the steady-state heat
transfer and calculate the value of qo required to maintain the bonded surface at To=60°C
and Ts=30°C. Take Lf=0.25mm, Ls=10mm, kf=0.025, ks=0.05W/m2.°K, T∞=20°C and
h=50 W/m2.K. Also calculate and Tf.
[Ans. qo=1483.3W/m2 & Tf=46.7°C].
If the film layer is not transparent and all the radiation heat flux is absorbed at its upper
surface, determine the radiation heat flux required to achieve bonding.
[Ans. qo=2225W/m2& Tf=61.5°C]
2. A thin plate heater is attached to higher surface of 8 mm thickness aluminum horizontal
plate which has k=235 W/m2.K, this surface and the other lower surface of the aluminum
plate are exposed to air stream of temperature 25°C and convective coefficient 100
W/m2.K, for both surfaces. If the heater dissipates 10kW/m2, what is the heater and
lower plate surface temperature? [Ans. Theater=75.09°C and TLower=74.92°C]
3. A furnace wall has an inner layer of silica brick (ki=1.07 W/m.K) and an outer layer of
masonry brick (ko=0.66 W/m.K). The furnace gas conditions are Ti=450°C and hi=40
W/m2.K and To=25°C and ho=28 W/m2.K. If desired that the interface temperature be
160°C. Calculate the thickness of both layers, if a heat loss is not exceeded than 800
W/m2. [Ans. Lbrick=361mm and Lmasonry=88mm]
4. The rear window of an automobile is defogged by attaching a thin, transparent film-type
heating element to its inner surface. By electrically heating this element, a uniform heat
flux may be established at the inner surface. What is the electric power that must be
provided per unit window area to maintain an inner surface temperature of 15°C? The
interior air temperature and convection coefficient are 25°C and 10 W/m2. K,
respectively, and the exterior air temperature and convection coefficient are -10°C and
1
Ain Shams University Heat Transfer
Faculty of Engineering Fall 2025
Mechanical Power Engineering Dep. Dr. Tamer Maher
65 W/m2.K respectively. The glass is 4mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of
1.4W/m.K.
[Ans. Qheater=1270.5W/m2]
5. Consider a plane composite wall is composed of two materials (A &B) of thermal
conductivity kA=0.1 W/m.K and kB=0.04 W/m.K and thickness LA=10mm and
LB=20mm. The contact resistance at the interface between the two materials is known to
be 0.3m2.K/W. Material A adjoins a fluid at 200°C for which h=10 W/m2.K, while
material B adjoins a fluid at 40°C for which h=20 W/m2.K; sketch the temperature
distribution and calculate the heat transfer rate through the wall if it is 2.5m long &2m
wide. Also calculate the outer surface temperature for material A&B and the drop in
temperature across the interface. [Ans. Qtr=762W, TA=184.8°C, TB=47.6°C and
∆Tinterface=45.7°C]
6. Water at an average temperature of 320K flows inside a Teflon tube (k=0.17W/m.K)
with inside connective coefficient hi=200W/m2.K. The inner and outer diameters of the
tube are 20mm and 25mm respectively. A thin electric heating tape is wounded around
the tube. The tape provides a uniform heat flux of 2kW/m2, and ambient air at
temperature of 300K, maintains an outside convective coefficient of 12W/m2.K.
Calculate:
i- The outer surface temperature of the Teflon tube.
ii- The percentage of heat flux transferred to the water.
[Ans. i- Th=351.4K and ii.69.3% ].
If we need benefit insulation around the electric heating tape in the previous problem
to increase the percentage of heat that transferred to water, determine the maximum value
of kin,max and repeat calculation of items i and ii when use 30 mm thickness for that
insulation with the same heater capacity (2 kW/m2).
[Ans. kin,max=0.15W/m.K, i-Th= 355.4K and ii-78.3%]
7. An oil pipe line Di=42mm and Do=56mm is covered with large concrete with thickness
60mm. the mean temperature and the convective coefficient for the oil filling the pipe
are 140°C and 120 W/m2.K respectively. The concrete layer is exposed to ambient air at
30°C with convective coefficient of 10 W/m2.K. If the thermal conductivities of the pipe
material and the concrete layer are 42 and 1.26 W/m.K respectively, Calculate:
i-The heat loss from bare pipe line in watt per meter length.
ii-The heat loss from the pipe line covered by the concrete layer in W/m length.
iii-What should be the magnitude of the thermal conductivity of the insulation kin,max to
ensure a loss of heat from the pipe line covered with insulation with any thickness not
exceed than the loss from the bare pipeline.
8. Hot gases at 300°C flow inside a steel tube having Di=100mm and Do=110mm and k=50
W/m.K. it is required to cover the tube with two layers of insulation having equal
thickness of 50mm. The outer surface of the insulation layer is exposed to air at 25°C.
Two types of insulating materials are to be used: material A having kA=0.06 W/m.K and
material B having kB=0.12W/m.K. The contact resistance between the two layers is 0.01
m2.k/W. If the connective coefficient for gases and ambient air are 100W/m 2.K and 8
W/m2.K respectively, Determine:
i- Which insulating material should be placed directly on the outer tube surface (A or B).
2
Ain Shams University Heat Transfer
Faculty of Engineering Fall 2025
Mechanical Power Engineering Dep. Dr. Tamer Maher
ii- For the chosen condition, calculate the heat loss from gases to the ambient air per
meter length.
iii-Calculate the interface temperature and the outer temperature of the insulation.
[Ans i-Material A is direct contacted to tube surface, ii-QLoss=114.23W/m.l, iii-Tinterface=100.4°C
and Tin,o=98.7°C].
9. A hollow aluminum sphere, with an electric heater in the center, is use to test to
determine the thermal conductivity of insulating materials. The inner and outer radii of
the sphere are 0.15m and 0.18m, respectively and testing is done under steady state
conditions. With the inner surface of the aluminum maintained at 250°C in a particular
test, a spherical shell of insulation is cast on the outer surface of the sphere to a thickness
of [Link] system in a room for which the air temperature is 20°C with convective
coefficient 30W/m2.K. If 80 Watt is dissipate by the heater under steady-state conditions.
What the thermal conductivity of the insulation? [Ans. kin=0.0622W/m.K].
10. Air flowing through a long, thin-walled pipe maintaining the inner wall at a uniform
temperature of 500K. The pipe is covered with an insulation blanket composed of two
different materials A and B as shown in the figure. The interface between the two
materials may be assumed to have an infinite contact resistance and the entire outer
surface is exposed to air for which Tair=300K and h=25 W/m2.K. What is the total heat
loss from the pipe? Also calculate Temperature of Ts2,A and Ts2,B .
[Ans. Q Loss=1040W/m.L, Ts,A=407K and Ts,B=325K]
Good luck,,,,
Dr. Tamer Maher
