4.

1 Energy and power Gap Filling Exercise

Assume gravitational field strength, g, is 9.8 N/kg when needed in any calculation in this paper.
1 a) Energy may be stored as chemical energy. Name two other forms of energy storage. (2)

b) What form of energy is stored in wood that is to be used to make a bonfire? (1)

c) What are the units in which energy is measured? (1)

2 Ahmed has a mass of 60 kg and is driving a car travelling at 20 m/s. The car has a mass of 1340 kg.
a) Calculate the total kinetic energy of the car plus Ahmed. Give your answer in kJ. Show your
working. (2)

b) Ahmed increases the car’s speed to 30 m/s.

Calculate the increase in the kinetic energy of the car alone. Give your answer in kJ. (2)
c) Ahmed turns off the engine and allows the car to coast to a stop as it travels up a hill. He then
puts the handbrake on. What form of energy has the kinetic energy of the car been converted into? (1)

d) How much kinetic energy has Ahmed when he is sitting in the car at this point. Give a reason for
your answer. (2)
4.1 Energy and power Gap Filling Exercise

3 A cricket ball has a mass of 160 g. Andi throws the ball vertically upwards at a speed of 12 m/s. As the effect of
gravity slows the ball it stops, momentarily, at point, P, and then falls back to the ground. Assuming that none
of the ball’s energy is transferred to its surroundings:

a) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the ball. (2)

b) What is maximum increase in gravitational potential energy acquired by the ball? (1)

c) What is the maximum height reached by the cricket ball? (2)

d) If the ball had a gravitational potential energy of 18 J at point P, what would its initial speed have
been? (3)

4 The following paragraph is about energy transfer. Complete the sentences using the correct words from the list
given below.
temperature battery created circuit light destroyed chemical
absorbed

Light, sound and electricity are not stores of energy. They are ways of transferring energy from one store to
another. Electrical energy cannot be bought in boxes, unlike cells or batteries. The ………………… energy stored in
a cell or battery causes an electric charge to flow through a …………………….. The chemical energy stored in a
torch ………………… causes an electric current. This is a flow of charge. The electric current will make the
…………………….. of the bulb increase. The rise in temperature causes the bulb to …………… . This light energy
4.1 Energy and power Gap Filling Exercise

cannot be stored. When the light strikes an object, it is ………………………. and the internal energy of the object
increases. In any process, energy can be transferred from one store to another, but energy cannot be
……………………. or ……………………… . (8)
5 Fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
a) One joule of work is done when a ………… of 1 ……… causes a displacement of …….. centimetres.
(1)
b) Power is defined as the rate at which ……… is transferred or the rate at which
……….. is done. (1)
c) A ……… is the unit of power. (1)
6 A crane lifts a shipping container to a height of 16 metres in 30 seconds.
a) If the container has a mass of 15 000 kg, what power is being applied by the crane? (2)

b) Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy of the shipping container in MJ. (2)

7 Three hunting dogs are being tested to see which is the most powerful. They are each made to run to the top
of a hill. The hill is 50 metres high. The table records the data that is collected.

Dog Weight (N) Time (s)

A male 320 24
B female 280 20
C male 360 26

a) Does a male or a female dog expend the most power getting to the top of the hill? Show your
working. (4)

b) Which of the male dogs expends the most power getting to the top. (1)

c) What is the total power expended by all the dogs in getting to the top of the hill? (2)
4.1 Energy and power Gap Filling Exercise

d) Explain which dog increases its gravitational potential energy the most. (2)

8 A bed spring has a spring constant of 200 N/m. When Eric lies on the bed, he compresses that spring by 3 cm.
a) What is the elastic potential energy stored in that spring when it is compressed by Eric? Express
your answer in mJ (2)

b) Calculate the elastic potential energy if the spring constant of a different bed was 400 N/m and
Eric compresses the spring by 1.5 cm. Express your answer in mJ (2)

TOTAL = 47
4.1 Energy and power Gap Filling Exercise

1 a) Two from kinetic, thermal, magnetic, gravitational potential, nuclear, electrostatic, electrostatic
potential. (2)
b) Chemical (1)
c) Joules (1)

2 a) = 280 kJ
(2)

b) = 335 kJ (2)
c) Gravitational potential energy. (1)
d) None. All the kinetic energy has been converted to gravitational potential energy. Ahmed is not
moving. (2)

3 a) = 11.52 J (2)
b) 11.52 J (1)

c) h= = = 7.35 m or mgh = 11.52; h = 7.35 m (2)

d) ; v = 15 m/s (3)
4 Light, sound and electricity are not stores of energy. They are ways of transferring energy from one store to
another. Electrical energy cannot be bought in boxes unlike cells or batteries. The chemical energy stored in a
cell or battery causes an electric charge to flow through a circuit. The chemical energy stored in a torch battery
causes an electric current. This is a flow of charge. The electric current will make the temperature of the bulb
increase. The rise in temperature causes the bulb to light up. The light energy cannot be stored. When the light
strikes an object, it is absorbed and the internal energy of the object increases. In any process energy can be
transferred from one store to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed. (8)
5 a) One joule of work is done when a force of 1 newton causes a displacement of 100 centimetres.
(1)
b) Power is defined as the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done.
(1)
c) A watt (W) is the unit of power. (1)

6 a) = = 78 400 W (2)

b) mgh = = 2.35 MJ (2)

4.1 Energy and power Gap Filling Exercise

7 a) A male power = = 666.67 W

B female power = 700.00 W
C male power = 692.31 W
Answer = female (4)
b) C (1)
c) 666.67 + 700.00 + 692.31 = 2058.98 W (2)
d) increase in gravitational potential energy = (mgh) or weight × height increase. All dogs climb
50 m. Therefore the heaviest dog increases gravitational potential energy the
most, i.e. dog C. (2)

8 Elastic potential energy = × spring constant × extension2

a) × 200 × = 0.09 J = 90 mJ (2)

b) × 400 × = 0.045 J = 45 mJ (2)

TOTAL = 47