CBSE-Class IX

Physics
Exercise Force and Laws of Motion

General Instructions:

(i) Questions 1-15 are very short answer questions. These are required
to be answered in one sentence each.
(ii) Questions 16-30 are short answer questions. Answers to them should
normally not exceed 70 words each.
(iii) Questions 31-40 are long answer questions. Answer to them should
normally not exceed 100 words each.
(iv) Questions 41-50 are HOTS questions.
(v) Questions 51 & 52 are value based questions.
(vi) Answer should be brief and to the point.

Very short answer type (1 mark)

Question 1. When a train stops suddenly, the passengers in the train feel an
instant jerk in the forward direction. Why?

Question 2. Find the acceleration produced in a body of mass 1 kg when a force of

1 N acts on it.

Question 3. A passenger in a moving train tosses a coin which falls behind him.
What does it mean?

Question 4. Why a goalkeeper in a game of football pulls his hand backwards after
holding the ball shot at the goal?

Question 5. On what principle does a rocket works?

Question 6. When two forces acting on a body are said to be balanced?

Question 7. A tennis ball, table tennis ball, glass marble and a cricket ball are
moving on a horizontal smooth surface with same velocities. Which of
them has maximum value of momentum?

Question 8. Give two examples to show that a force can change the shape and size
of an object.

Question 9. Define inertia.

Question 10. An electric fan continues to rotate for sometime even after the electric
current is switched off. Why?

CBSE-9-Chemistry-Force and law of Motion 1

 Question 11. Why a vehicle stops when brakes are applied?

Question 12. Which law of motion is involved in rocket propulsion?

Question 13. Why don’t action and reaction forces cancel each other when they are
equal and opposite?

Question 14. What is the relationship between the action and reaction forces?

Question 15. Define one newton force.

Short answer type (2 & 3 marks)

Question 16. What are balanced and unbalanced forces? Give examples.

Question 17. In a carom, when we hit at the bottom of the pile of the coins placed
at the centre of a carom board with a striker, only the lowest coin is
removed. Why?

Question 18. When a blanket is vigorously shaken, the dust falls off. Why?

Question 19. A circular groove is provided in a saucer for placing the tea cup in it.
Why?

Question 20. Why a horse rider falls forward when the horse suddenly stops?

Question 21. Define momentum of an object? What it its SI unit? On what factors do
it depends?

Question 22. What is the effect of force on the momentum of an object? Define SI
unit of force from second law of motion.

Question 23. A force produces an acceleration of 2 m/s2 when applied on a body of

mass 1 kg. Find the magnitude of force. Calculate the acceleration
produced by the same force when applied to a body of mass 2 kg.

Question 24. A truck of mass 4 × 107 kg is pulled by a force of 6 × 105 N. Calculate

the acceleration. Find its velocity after 10 minutes if initially the truck
was at rest.

Question 25. Why a player lowers his hand with the ball while catching a cricket
ball?

Question 26. State Newton’s third law of motion. Give one example.

Question 27. Why is it difficult to walk on a sandy surface?

Question 28. A bullet of mass 10 g is horizontally fired with a velocity of 100 m/s
from a pistol of mass 1 kg. What is the recoil velocity of the pistol?

Question 29. What is force of friction? How it can be minimized?

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 2

 Question 30. An object of mass 4 kg moving with a velocity of 2 m/s collides head
on with another object of mass 2 kg moving in opposite direction with
a velocity of 6 m/s. After collision both bodies stuck together and
move with a common velocity. Find this velocity?

Long answer type (5 marks)

Question 31. Define the term force. State the various effects of force. Obtain the
definition of force from Newton’s first law of motion.

Question 32. What are the three form of inertia? Define them and give examples of
each.

Question 33. Explain the meaning of the equation p = m× v, where symbols have
their usual meanings. What is the change in momentum of a truck
weighing 2000 kg when its speed increases from 18 km/h to 36 km/h?

Question 34. Give reason of the following:

a. When a tree is shaken, its fruits and leaves fall down.
b. It is dangerous to jump out of a moving bus.

Question 35. State and explain Newton’s second law of motion. A constant force
acts on a body of mass 10 kg for a duration of 5 s. It increases the
speed of the body from 2 m/s to 6 m/s. Find the magnitude of the
applied force.

Question 36. State Newton’s third law of motion giving an example. Describe an
experimental arrangement to show that the action and reaction forces
are equal and opposite.

Question 37. State the law of conservation of momentum. Derive an expression for
the recoil velocity of a gun when it fires a bullet.

Question 38. Give two examples of law of conservation of momentum. A gun of

mass 5 kg fires a bullet of mass 10 g at the rate of 10 bullets per
second with a speed of 200 m/s. What force is required to hold the
gun in position?

Question 39. A bullet of mass 50 g moving with a speed of 200 m/s is stopped
within 5 cm of the target. Calculate the average resistance force
offered by the target.

Question 40. Answer the following question:

a. Which law defines the force?
b. Which law shows that forces are always produced in pairs?
c. Which law is also known as law of inertia?
d. Which law is considered as the real law of motion?
e. Which law gives the measurement of force?

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 3

 HOTS

Question 41. A child is playing with two balls of same sizes. One is a 200gm ball and
other a 500 gm ball. Which one of the two will have more inertia?

Question 42. Raman got many mangoes falling off its tree when he shook the tree
vigorously. Explain

Question 43. Rajat is a rash driver. People in his car fall in the forward direction
when a moving car brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it
accelerates from rest? Explain.

Question 44. A person is jogging on the road in the forward direction. How can this
expain: action is always equal to the reaction?

Question 45. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it

possible for the object to travel with a non-zero velocity in this case?

Question 46. Ravi forgot to tie his luggage on his bus. Do you think his luggage is
safe? Explain.

Question 47. Two cars moving in opposite direction collided with each other. Will
their momentum change after collision? Explain.

Question 48. While catching a fast moving cricket ball, a fielder in the ground
gradually pulls his hands backwards with the moving ball. Explain.

Question 49. Momentum is a vector quantity. Explain. Also mention its units.

Question 50. A ball thrown with a great force hurts more than a one thrown slowly
towards you. Explain.

Value Based

Question 51. Rohan was rolling a ballValue Based

on the ground. He observed that even on
hitting the ball very hard to make it roll on the ground, it does come to
rest after a while. He went to his physics teacher to understand this
phenomenon.
a) Why does a ball rolling on the ground come to rest after a while?
b) Mention the value shown by Rohan.

Question 52. Neha ‘is trying to push a sofa, using a horizontal force of 300 N. She
wanted to find out the frictional force acting on the sofa at that time.
In order to understand this, she went to her school library and went
through a few physics books.
a) What is the friction force that will be exerted on the sofa?
b) Mention the value shown by Neha?

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 4

 Answer Key

Very short answer type (1 mark)

Answer 1. The upper part of the body of a passanger travelling in the train
continues to be in the state of motion with the train but the lower part
of his body which is in contact with seat is at rest. This is the reason
why the passenger feels an instant jerk in the forward direction when
the train stops.

Answer 2. Given,

Mass m 1 kg
Force F 1N

Formula used-

F
Acceleration a
m

Calculate the acceleration:

1
a
1
1 ms-2

Therefore, the acceleration is 1 ms-2

Answer 3. A passenger in a moving train tosses a coin which falls behind him
because the motion of the train is accelerated.

Answer 4. A goalkeeper in a game of football pulls his hand backwards after

holding the ball shot at the goal, for gain the momentum he pulls his
hand backward direction. To which he can hit effectively.

Answer 5. The principle on which the rocket works are:

a. Newton's Third Law of motion.

b. Law of conservation of momentum

Answer 6. Two forces acting on a body are said to be balanced, if there is no

change in the position of the object.

Answer 7. A cricket ball has maximum value of momentum.

Answer 8. The two examples are given below to show that a force can change the
shape and size of an object.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 5

 a. When you squeeze toothpaste.

b. When you eat food, force applied changes the shape, size of it.

Answer 9. The tendency of an object to stay at rest or to keep moving with the
uniform velocity is called inertia.

Answer 10. Due to rotational inertia an electric fan continues to rotate for
sometime even after the electric current is switched off

Answer 11. A vehicle stops when brakes are applied because of friction.

Answer 12. Third law of motion is involved in rocket propulsion.

Answer 13. An action and reaction pair of forces act on two different objects (floor
pushes up on you and you push down on floor with the same amount
of force) however, these forces can’t cancel out because they don’t act
on the same object, they act on two different objects.

Answer 14. The action and reaction forces are of same magnitude but they act in
opposite direction.

Answer 15. One Newton is equal to the force needed to accelerate a mass of
1kgms-2 .

Short answer type (2 & 3 marks)

Answer 16. Balanced forces: Two forces acting on a body which are equal and act
in opposite direction are called balanced forces.

Example: In a hanging board the force applied is equal but acts in

opposite direction. Then the weight pulls down the stress rope pulls
up.

Unbalanced forces: When two forces are not balanced that forces are
called unbalanced forces

Example: Objects sliding on a wedge.

Answer 17. In a carom, when we hit at the bottom of the pile of the coins placed
at the centre of a carom board with a striker, only the lowest coin is
removed, because the law of inertia of the other coins makes them
‘fall’ vertically.

Answer 18. When a blanket is vigorously shaken, the dust falls off due to law of
inertia because the dust particles are in rest and when we shake the
blanket it comes to the state of motion.

Answer 19. To prevent the cup from overbalance from some unexpected jerks, we
use circular groove is provided in a saucer for placing the tea cup.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 6

 Answer 20. When the upper part of the horse body to be in the state of motion i.e.
at rest but the lower part of the body in contact with horse, then the
upper part continuous to move and a rider falls forward.

Answer 21. Momentum of an object is defined as the multiply of the mass and its
velocity.
Momentum mass velocity

Its SI unit is kg m/s

Momentum depends upon two factors:

a. Mass

b. Velocity

Answer 22. Force is directly proportional to rate of change of momentum. When

force is increased, momentum also increases and vice – versa.

The SI unit of force for Newton second law of motion is Newton.

Answer 23. Given,

Acceleration a 2 m/s2
Mass m 1 kg

As we know

F ma

Substitute the given value:

F 2 1
2N

Therefore, the magnitude of force 2 N

Given

mass m 2 Kg

Calculate the acceleration:

F
a
m

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 7

 2
a
2
1 m/s2
Therefore, the acceleration produced by the same force is 1 m/s2

Answer 24. Given,

Mass m 4 107 Kg
Force F 6 105 N
Initial velocity u 0
Time t 10 minutes 600 s

Calculate the acceleration

F
a
m

Substitute the given value:

6 105
a
4 107
150 m/s2

Therefore, the acceleration is 150 m / s2

Now calculate the velocity:

1 2
s ut at
2
1
s 0 150 600
2
45000 m

Use the formula v 2 u2

2as
v2 0 2 150 45,000
13,500,000
v 3674 m/s

Therefore, the velocity is 3674 m/s

Answer 25. A player lowers his hand with the ball while catching a cricket ball so
as to increase the time of catch. Because the ball is coming with large
velocity and which is reduced to zero after the ball caught by player.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 8

 Answer 26. Newton’s third law of motion:

Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
When any two objects interact with each other, whether it's in the
direct contact or at a distance, they exert force upon each other.

Example: While sitting on a chair, our body exert a force on the chair
and the chair exerts an equal force back.

Answer 27. Two things makes difficult to walk on a sandy surface:

a. The ground is uneven making our feet slip.

b. When we walk on sandy surface sand gets on foot due to resistance.

Answer 28. Given,

Mass of bullet m 10g 0.01 kg

Mass of the piston m2 1 kg
Final velocity of the bullet v1 100 m/s

The bullet is taken from the left to right consider the figure is given
below;

Here,

Initial velocity of the bullet u1

Initial velocity of the pistol u2 0
Recoil velocity of the pistol v

Calculate total momentum of the pistol and bullet before the fire, when
the gun is at rest.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 9

 The formula used:

Total momentum of the pistol and bullet m m2 u2

Substitute the given value:

1 0.01 kg 0 m/s
0 kg m/s
The formula used:

Total momentum of the pistol and bullet after it is fired m v1 m2 v

0.01 100 m/s 1 kg v m/s

1 v kg m/s

According to the law of conservation of momentum,

Total momentum after the fire is equal to the total momentum before
the fire
Therefore,
1 v 0
v 1 kg m/s

Negative sign indicates that the direction in which the pistol would
recoil is opposite to that of bullet, that is, right to left.

Answer 29. Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two
surfaces of objects that are in contact.

The different methods of reducing frictions are

a. By smoothening of the surface

b. By greasing the surface

c. By using lubricants

Answer 30. Given,

m1 4 kg
m2 2 kg
v1 2 m/s
v2 6 m/s

According to the momentum, momentum before collision is equal to

the momentum after collision.

Calculate the velocity:

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 10

 m1v1 m2v2 m1v m2v

Substitute the given value:

4 kg 2 m/s 2 kg 6 m/s v 4 2
8 kg m/s 12 kg m/s v 6 kg
v 3.3 m/s
Therefore, the final velocity is 3.3 m/s

Long answer type (5 marks)

Answer 31. Force is defined as product of mass and acceleration.

F ma

Various effects of force are:

a. Force can stop a moving object.

b. Force can move an object at rest.

c. Force can change the direction of moving object.

d. Force can change the shape of an object.

Answer 32. There are three form of inertia:

a. Inertia of rest: The ability of a body to change by itself its state of

rest is known as inertia of rest.

Example: If person sitting in a car falls backwards, when

the car suddenly starts.

b. Inertia of motion: The inability of a body to change by itself its state

of uniform motion is known as inertia of motion.

Example: When a moving car suddenly stops the person

sitting in the car falls forward.

c. Inertia of distance: The Inability of a body to change by itself its

direction motion is known as inertia of distance.

Example: When a car moves round a curve the person

sitting inside is thrown outwards in order to maintain his
direction of motion.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 11

 Answer 33. The change in momentum is equal to the product of mass and velocity.

Where,

Pis the changein momentum

m is themass

vis the velocity

Given,

m 2000 Kg
u 18 Km/h 5 m/s
v 36 Km/h 10 m/s

The formula used:

Change in momentum m v u
Substitute the value:

2000 10 5
10,000 Ns

Therefore, the change in momentum is 10,000 Ns

Answer 34. a. When a tree is shaken, its fruits and leaves fall down. This is mainly
due to inertia of rest. When the tree is shaken it is in motion, while the
fruits and leaves remain at rest. So, they separate from the tree and
fall on the ground due to gravity.

b. While we are moving in a bus our complete body is in motion if we

jump out from it after that our lower part of the body on coming in
contact with earth will come to rest but our upper part of the body will
stay in motion due to inertia of motion. So we would fall off when we
jump out from a moving bus.

Answer 35. According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of
momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force
in the direction of force.

Mathematically,

According to Newton’s second law, force is the product of mass and

acceleration.
F ma

Here, F is the net force F FX F1 F2 F3 ..... Fn , m is the

mass of the object and a is the acceleration.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 12

 Given,

m 10 Kg
t 5s
u 2 m/s
v 6 m/s
Calculate the acceleration:
v u at
Substitute the given value:
6 2 a 5
a 0.8 m/s2
Calculate the force:
F ma
Substitute the value
F 10 0.8
8N
Therefore, the magnitude of the applied force is 8 N

Answer 36. Newton's third law: It states that the every action there is an equal
and opposite reaction.

Suppose two springs are in equilibrium connected together as given

below. The fixed end of balance B is attached with a rigid support, a
wall. While a force is applied on the free end of spring balance A , it is
experiential that both the spring balances show the same readings on
their scales. It means that the force exerted by spring balance A on
balance B is equal but opposite in direction to the force exerted by the
balance B on balance A. The force which balance A exerts on balance
B is called the action and the force of balance B on balance A is
called the reaction.

Answer 37. Law of conservation of momentum: According to law of conservation of

momentum, in an isolated system, sum of the vector of the linear
momentum of all the bodies of the system is conserved and is not
affected due to their mutual action and reaction.

Derive an expression for the recoil velocity of a gun when it fires a

bullet
If a bullet is fired from a gun, then the gun moves back, i.e. reverse to
the direction of motion of the bullet. This backward motion of the gun

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 13

 is called recoil and the velocity with it moves back is called recoil
velocity.
Before firing the bullet, both the bullet and the gun are at rest.
Hence, the total momentum is zero.
After firing the bullet, the bullet moves forward with a large
momentum and the gun moves backward with equal momentum.
Suppose m and M be the masses of the bullet and gun respectively.
If v and V are the velocities of the bullet and gun respectively after
the firing, then

0 mv MV
mv
V
M

This is the expression for recoil velocity of the gun, and the negative
sign indicates that the gun moves in a direction to that of the bullet.

Answer 38. Two examples of law of conservation of momentum:

a. When two cars hit each other in an accident.

b. When a baseball is hit by the bat.

Given,

M 5 Kg
m 10 g 0.01 Kg
n 10 bullets
v 200 m/s

The formula used:

F m n v

Substitute the given value:

F 0.01 10 200
20 N

Therefore, the force is 20 N

Answer 39. Given,

m 50 g 0.05 Kg
u 200 m/s
s 5 cm 0.05 m

The formula used:

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 14

 1 2
s ut at
2
Substitute the given value:

1 200 v
0.05 200t t2 since a
2 t t
0.05 200t 100t
0.05
t s
300

Calculate the force:

mv
F ma
t

Substitute the value:

0.05 200
F
0.05
200
200 200
40, 000 N

Therefore, the average resistance force is 40,000 N

Answer 40. a. Newton’s second law defines the force.

b. Newton’s third law shows that forces are always produced in pairs.

c. Newton’s first law is also known as law of inertia.

d. Newton’s second law is considered as the real law of motion.

e. Newton’s second law gives the measurement of force.

HOTS
Answer 41. Inertia is the measure of the mass of the body. The greater is the
mass of the body; the greater is its inertia and vice-versa.

Mass of a 500 gm ball is more than the mass of a 200gm ball for the
same size. Hence, inertia of the 500gm ball is more.

Answer 42. Some fruits of a tree get detached when we shake its branches
vigorously. This is because when the branches of a tree are shaken, it
moves to and fro, but its fruits tend to remain at rest. This is because
the inertia of the fruits tend to resist the to and fro motion. Due to this
reason, the mangoes fall down from the tree when shaken vigorously.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 15

 Answer 43. Due to the inertia every body tries to maintain its state of motion or
state of rest. If a body is at rest, then it tries to remain at rest. If a
body is moving, then it tries to remain in motion. In a moving car, a
passenger moves with the car. As the driver applies brakes, the bus
comes to rest. But, the passenger tries to maintain his state of motion.
As a result, a forward force is exerted on him. Similarly, the passenger
tends to fall backwards when the car accelerates from rest. This is
because when the car accelerates, the inertia of the passenger tends
to oppose the forward motion of the car. Hence, the passenger tends
to fall backwards when the car accelerates forward.

Answer 44. The person pushes the ground in the backward direction while he is
jogging. According to Newton’s third law of motion, a reaction force is
exerted by the Earth on the horse in the forward direction. As a result,
the person moves forward.

Answer 45. Yes. Even when an object experiences a net zero external unbalanced
force, it is possible that the object is travelling with a non-zero
velocity. This is possible only when the object has been moving with a
constant velocity in a particular direction. Then, there is no net
unbalanced force applied on the body. The object will keep moving
with a non-zero velocity. To change the state of motion, a net non-
zero external unbalanced force must be applied on the object.

Answer 46. When the bus accelerates and moves forward, it acquires a state of
motion. However, the luggage kept on the roof, owing to its inertia,
tends to remain in its state of rest. Hence, with the forward movement
of the bus, the luggage tends to remain at its original position and
ultimately falls from the roof of the bus. Thus, his luggage is not safe.
To avoid this, it is advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus
with a rope.

Answer 47. The sum of momentum of the two objects before collision is equal to
the sum of momentum after the collision provided there is no external
unbalanced force acting on them. This is known as the law of
conservation of momentum. This statement can alternatively be given
as the total momentum of the two objects is unchanged or conserved
by the collision.

Answer 48. The fielder increases the time during which the high velocity of the
moving ball decreases to zero. Thus, the acceleration of
the ball is decreased and therefore the impact of catching the fast
moving ball is also reduced. If the ball is stopped suddenly
then its high velocity decreases to zero in a very short interval of time.
Thus, the rate of change of momentum of the ball will be large.
Therefore, a large force would have to be applied for holding the catch
that may hurt the palm of the fielder.

Answer 49. Momentum has both direction and magnitude. Its direction is the same
as that of velocity, v . The SI unit of momentum is kilogram-metre per
second (kg m s-1).

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 16

 Answer 50. The impact produced by the objects depends on their
mass and velocity. Similarly, if an object is to be accelerated, we know
that a greater force is required to give a greater velocity. Thus, we say
that the ball thrown with more momentum hurts more than the one
thrown with less momentum.

Value Based

Answer 51.
Value Based
a) After covering a short distance, the ball comes to rest because there
is frictional force on the ball opposing its motion. Frictional force
always acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion.
Hence, this force is responsible for stopping the cricket ball.
b) Rohan is a keen observer and is eager to gain knowledge.

Answer 52. a) A force of 200 N is applied in the forward direction. Thus, from
Newton’s third law of motion, an equal amount of force will act in the
opposite direction. This opposite force is the fictional force exerted on
the sofa. Hence, a frictional force of 300 N is exerted on the sofa.
b) Neha is a keen learner who learns from real life examples.

CBSE-9- Chemistry -Force and law of Motion 17