Yangon University of Distance Education
Department of Geography, Online (4th Batch PGDGT), Test Tutorial 1
DGT-1101- Introduction to Tourism
1. Individual or small-group mass tourists are ___________ dependent upon the
infrastructure of tourist package and accommodation. less
2. John Urry argued that ________________ has become central to the structuring of
social life and cultural identity in the 21st century.
Select one: A. Leisure B. Mobility C. Sustainability D. Globalization
3. In the UK holiday tourism sector, for each foreign visitor there are around
_________ domestic holidaymakers. Select one: A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 O D. 7
4. The tourism integration can be spatial or structural. True False
5. The "cultural turn" in human geography challenged the pre-eminence of ________
understandings.
Select one: A. Environmental B. Political and economic C. Cultural D. Social
6. ________ Phase is including shopping. Post-tour phase
7. In Cheong and Miller's (2000) tripartite power structure, the three actors are
tourists, locals, and ________.
Select one: A. Brokers B. Agencies C. Governments D. Officials
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8. Gilbert's (1939) study of seaside resorts is an example of the ____________ era of
tourism geography. Select one: A. Thematic B. Diversity C. Postmodern D.
Descriptive
9. The planning phase is informed by a number of potential inputs such as previous
experience, images and ___________ of places and suggestions made by others.
representations
10. Mobility encompasses goods, information, images, ideas, services, finance and
_________. people
11. Tourism jobs are sometimes low-paid, seasonal, and unskilled. True False
12. Both public and private investment contributes to tourism development. True False
13. The _______ phase is informed by a number of potential inputs, will be reflective of
motives and intentions for travelling. pre-trip
14. Tourism can drain workers away from agriculture and other sectors. True False
15. Governments often promote destinations and improve infrastructure. True False
16. How do you understand the mean of tourism activities?
Tourism activities refer to the various actions, experiences, and engagements
that tourists participate in during their travel for leisure, business, or other
purposes. These activities can be categorized into:
1. Recreational activities – such as sightseeing, swimming, hiking, or
attending cultural events.
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2. Cultural activities – visiting museums, historical sites, festivals, or local
art exhibitions.
3. Adventure and sports activities – like trekking, skiing, scuba diving, or
cycling.
4. Social and entertainment activities – including shopping, dining, nightlife,
or social gatherings.
5. Educational activities – attending workshops, tours, or courses related to
local culture or nature.
Key point: Tourism activities are central to the tourist experience and
help generate economic, social, and cultural benefits for destinations.
17. What is seaside tourism in Turkey?
Seaside tourism in Turkey refers to travel and recreational activities along
Turkey’s extensive coastline, particularly the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Sea
regions. It is characterized by:
Beach and sun-based activities: swimming, sunbathing, and water sports.
Resort tourism: all-inclusive hotels, holiday villages, and luxury resorts.
Cultural and historical attractions: visiting ancient cities, harbors, and
coastal towns.
Popular destinations: Antalya, Bodrum, Marmaris, and Alanya are among
the most visited.
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Key point: Seaside tourism is one of Turkey’s most important tourism
sectors, attracting both domestic and international tourists, and significantly
contributing to the economy.
4 PGDGT(4th Batch) Test Tutorial 1
Yangon University of Distance Education
Department of Geography, Online (4th Batch PGDGT), Test Tutorial 1
DGT-1102 Geography of Myanmar
1. Write a short note on the development of package tours.
Package tours are pre-arranged travel products that combine transport,
accommodation, and sometimes meals and activities into a single purchase. Their
development can be summarized as follows:
1. Early origins (19th century) – Thomas Cook pioneered organized tours in
the mid-1800s, offering train trips with accommodation for groups.
2. Mass tourism era (20th century) – With the rise of affordable transport
(trains, buses, planes), package tours became popular among the middle
class.
3. Modern package tours – Include customizable options, all-inclusive
resorts, and themed packages (adventure, cultural, cruise).
4. Impact – Package tours simplify travel planning, make tourism more
accessible, and stimulate destinations economically.
2. Rugged coastlines and mountain zones are not often dispersed tourism
development. True
3. Organized mass tourists usually prefer destinations that are_______ rather than
novel. Select one: A. Dangerous B. Isolated C. Exotic D. Familiar
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4. The tourism integration can be spatial or structural. True False
5. Gilbert's (1939) study of seaside resorts is an example of the __________ era of
tourism geography. Select one: A. Thematic B. Diversity C. Descriptive D.
Postmodern
6. Economic recessions, wars, or epidemics cannot reduce tourism demand. True False
7. ________ proposed five 'modes' of experience. Erik Cohen
8. The nature of the product is seen as a__________ outcome in which the process of
consumption. service
9. A place set up to attract tourists is called a ___________. tourist attraction
10. Murphy (1985) is probably correct when he writes that 'there are as many types of
_______ as there are motives for travel'.
11. One major problem in the study of tourism geography is variation in official practice
for ________ tourist activity.
Select one: A. Regulating B. Promoting C. Recording D. Encouraging
12. Cultural geography studies have shown tourism as a means of reinforcing
_____________ identities. Select one: A. Social B. Economic C. Political D. Physical
13. Globalization is both an economic and a ------- phenomenon.
Select one: A. Political B. Cultural C. Historical D. Natural
14. Elite and mass tourism markets shape development differently. True False
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15. In Thailand, Pattaya has begun as a fishing village before becoming a resort. True
False
16. Cohen labels as ________ probably do not consider themselves to be tourists in any
conventional sense. drifters
17. Write about the low-cost holiday style of foreign visitors to Spain.
Spain has long been one of Europe’s most popular destinations for budget-
conscious foreign tourists, especially from the UK, Germany, and Northern Europe.
The low-cost holiday style is characterized by:
Cheap package tours combining flights, accommodation, and meals.
Budget airlines (e.g., Ryanair, EasyJet) offering affordable travel to Spanish
coastal resorts.
All-inclusive resorts and low-priced apartments concentrated in destinations
like Costa Brava, Costa del Sol, Balearic and Canary Islands.
Focus on sun, sand, nightlife, and entertainment rather than cultural or
luxury tourism.
Contribution to mass tourism development, making Spain one of the leading
global holiday markets.
Key Point: Spain’s low-cost holiday model made tourism accessible to
millions, but also raised concerns about overcrowding, seasonal dependence,
and environmental pressures.
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Yangon University of Distance Education
Department of Geography, Online (4th Batch PGDGT), Test Tutorial 1
DGT-1103 Tourism Geography
1. Tourism markets differ between domestic and international visitors. True False
2. Incipient tourists are _____________ by recreational tourists. Preceded
3. Tourism development is always spontaneous and unregulated. True False
4. Urry (2000) described systems of "scapes" and _______ as structuring mobility.
Select one: A. Routes B. Nodes C. Flows D. Spaces
5. Tourism zones often emerge in mature destinations with dispersed development.
True false
6. Governments often promote destinations and improve infrastructure. True False
7. Tourism always contributes more than 10% of GDP in developed countries. False
8. The process in which distinctions between work and leisure become blurred is
called ________. Select one: A. De-differentiation B. Specialization C.
Standardization D. Homogenization
9. The concept of sustainable development has become the focus of increasing
_______ amongst tourism theorists and practitioners. Attention
10. In Iso-Ahola's model, tourist behavior is shaped by a combination of escape and
_______. Select one: A. Cost B. Punishment C. Obligation D. Reward
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11. The planning phase of a trip is influenced by previous experience, images of places,
and _____ from others. Select one: A. Warnings B. Suggestions C. Prices D. Laws
12. The structure of tourist's experience model demonstrates the ______ nature of
experience. Dynamic
13. The business traveler may visit friends, take in a show or tour a museum, alongside
the business meetings that ________ the primary motive for the trip. remain
14. Typologies can help differentiate types of tourism such as recreational or ________
tourism. Select one: A. Agricultural B. Military C. Industrial D. Business
15. The _______ significance of tourism has been reinforced. economic
16. What are the primary objectives of the Grand Tour?
The Grand Tour (17th–19th centuries) was a traditional journey across
Europe undertaken mainly by young European aristocrats and wealthy elites. Its
primary objectives were:
1. Education and Cultural Enrichment – Learning about art, architecture,
history, and classical culture.
2. Social Development – Networking with elites, enhancing social status,
and gaining refinement.
3. Language and Travel Skills – Improving proficiency in foreign
languages and understanding European customs.
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4. Personal Growth – Broadening perspectives, fostering maturity, and
cultivating taste and manners.
Key Point: The Grand Tour combined learning, leisure, and
social prestige, and it laid the foundation for modern cultural tourism.
17. Political stability has an influence on national tourism industry, it is why?. Please
write down a short note.
Political stability plays a crucial role in shaping a country’s tourism industry
because:
1. Safety and Security – Tourists prefer destinations where they feel safe;
political unrest, conflicts, or violence deters visitors.
2. Investor Confidence – Stable governments attract investment in hotels,
resorts, and infrastructure, fostering tourism growth.
3. Reputation and Image – Countries with stable political environments are
viewed more positively, enhancing their appeal to both domestic and
international tourists.
4. Sustainable Planning – Political stability enables long-term tourism
planning, policy implementation, and development of attractions.
Key Point: Political stability ensures a secure, attractive, and well-
managed tourism environment, which is essential for the sector’s
economic success.
10 PGDGT(4th Batch) Test Tutorial 1
Yangon University of Distance Education
Department of Geography, Online (4th Batch PGDGT), Test Tutorial 1
DGT-1104 Sustainable Tourism
1. The high levels of "leakage" reduce the benefits of tourism to local economies. True
2. The unique attractions are usually concentrated tourism development in specific
areas. True False
3. Between 1950 and 1980, tourism geography was strongly focused on _______
analysis. Select one: A. Cultural B. Historical C. Political D. Spatial
4. Tourism as a significant ________ for interaction between people and their
environments. means
5. Tourism still ________ most people with experiences that are sufficiently distinct to
form memories that survive long after other (routine) events are forgotten. provides
6. The "cultural turn" in human geography challenged the pre-eminence of ______
understandings.
Select one: A. Cultural B. Social C. Political and economic D. Environmental
7. The ______ phase is informed by a number of potential inputs, will be reflective of
motives and intentions for travelling. pre-trip
8. The tourism integration can be spatial or structural. True False
9. Graburn (1983a) described tourist "inversions" as shifts in ________ patterns away
from the norm. Select one: A. Behavior B. Weather C. Environmental D. Economic
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10. Economic recessions, wars, or epidemics cannot reduce tourism demand. True
False
11. Urierly, should exercise caution in making too many assumptions concerning the
links between _______ and forms of travel. motives
12. The planning phase of a trip is influenced by previous experience, images of places,
and _______ from others. Select one: A. Warnings B. Prices C. Laws D. Suggestions
13. Tourism generates substantial direct and indirect employment. True False
14. Drifters generally avoid other tourists and seek immersion in _______ cultures.
Select one: A. Localized tourist B. Manufactured C. Tourist D. Host
15. Mobility encompasses goods, information, images,_________, services, finance.
People
16. Write about the growth of international tourism.
International tourism has seen rapid growth over the past century, driven by
economic, social, and technological factors:
1. Early 20th Century – Tourism was limited to the wealthy due to high
travel costs and slow transport. Only small elite could travel abroad.
2. Post-World War II Boom – Economic recovery, rising incomes, and
improved transport (especially air travel) expanded tourism to the middle
class.
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3. Globalization and Air Travel – From the 1970s onward, low-cost airlines,
package tours, and better infrastructure facilitated international travel for
millions.
4. Technological and Digital Influence – Online booking, social media, and
travel apps in the 21st century further boosted accessibility and
awareness of destinations.
5. Economic and Social Impact – International tourism contributes
significantly to GDP, employment, and foreign exchange earnings, making
it a key global industry.
Key Point: The growth of international tourism reflects rising
disposable incomes, improved mobility, global interconnectedness, and a
desire for cultural and recreational experiences.
17. How do you understand the mean of tourism activities?
Tourism activities refer to the various actions, experiences, and engagements
that tourists participate in during their travel for leisure, business, or other
purposes. These activities can be categorized into:
1. Recreational activities – such as sightseeing, swimming, hiking, or
attending cultural events.
2. Cultural activities – visiting museums, historical sites, festivals, or local
art exhibitions.
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3. Adventure and sports activities – like trekking, skiing, scuba diving, or
cycling.
4. Social and entertainment activities – including shopping, dining, nightlife,
or social gatherings.
5. Educational activities – attending workshops, tours, or courses related to
local culture or nature.
Key point: Tourism activities are central to the tourist experience and
help generate economic, social, and cultural benefits for destinations.
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