1.

1 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure

STRENGTH OF MATERIAL
&
THEORY OF STRUCTURE

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 1.2 Assistant Engineer
Chapter SIMPLE STRESS-STRAIN
1 &
ELASTIC CONSTANTS
1. A test specimen is stressed slightly beyond the
5. The bulk modulus of elasticity of a material is
yield point and then unloaded its yield strength
twice its modulus of rigidity. The Poisson's ratio
(a) Decreases
of the material is
(b) Increases
(c) Remains same (a) 1/7 (b) 2/7
(d) Become equal to ultimate tensile strength (c) 3/7 (d) 4/7
2. A bar of length L tapers uniformly from 6. A rigid bar AC is supported by three rods of
diameter 1.1 D at one end of 0.9 D at the other same material and of equal diameter. The bar
end. The elongation due to axial pull is AC is initially horizontal. A force P is applied
computed using mean diameter D. What is the such that the bar AC continues to remain
approximate error in computed elongation ? horizontal. Forces in each of the shorter bars
(a) 10% (b) 5% and in the longer bar are, respectively
(c) 1% (d) 0.5%
3. If all the dimensions of a bar are increased in
the proportion n : 1, the proportion with which
2L1
the maximum stress produced in the prismatic
L1 a a L1
bar by its own weight, will increase in the ratio
(a) 1 : n (b) n : 1
A C
1 1 P
(c) :1 (d) 1 :
n n
(a) 0.4P, 0.2P
4. The lists given below refer to a bar of length L, (b) 0.3P, 0.4P
cross sectional area A, Young's modulus E,
(c) 0.2P, 0.6P
Poisson's ratio  and subjected to axial stress
(d) 0.5P, zero
'p'. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the
lists. 7. What is the ratio of the strain energy in bar X to
List-I that in bar Y when the material of the two bars
A. Volumetric strain is the same? The cross-sectional area are as
B. Strain energy per unit volume indicated over the indicated lengths?
C. Ratio of Young's modulus to bulk modulus
D. Ratio of Young's modulus to modulus of
rigidity A A
List-II l/2
1. 2  1    2. 3  1 – 2 
Bar Y
p p2
3.  1 – 2  4. Bar X A/2
E 2E l/2
5. 2  1 –  
Codes
A B C D
P P
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 5 4 1 2
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3
(c) 5 4 2 1
(d) 2 3 1 5 (c) 4/3 (d) 1/6

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 1.3 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
8. Which of the following statements are correct? 11. A metal bar of length 100 mm is inserted
1. Strain in the direction of applied stress is between two rigid supports and its temperature
known as longitudinal strain is increased by 10°C. If the coefficient of thermal
2. Tensile stress results in tensile strain in linear expansion is 8 × 10 –6 per °C and the young's
and lateral directions modulus is 1.5 × 105 MPa, the stress in the bar is
3. Strains in all directions perpendicular to the (a) Zero (b) 12 Mpa
applied stress are known as lateral strain. (c) 24 Mpa (d) 2400 Mpa
4. Ratio of change in volume of original volume
is known as volumetric strain. 12. Endurance limit is
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (a) The maximum stress a material can sustain
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only for very long time
(c) 3 and 4 only (b) The maximum stress a material can take under
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 direct loading
(c) The maximum bending stress the material
9. Maximum allowable shear stress in a section is can take
100 kg/cm2. If bar is subjected to tensile force (d) The maximum stress at which even a billion
of 5000 kg and if the section is square shaped, reversal of stress cannot failure of the
what will be dimension of side of the square material
(a) 10 cm (b) 5 cm 13. Isotropy of a material means
(c) 12 cm (d) 12 cm (a) Behavior of the material having same
properties in all directions
10. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct (b) The enthalpy of the material remains same
answer using the codes given the lists: over time
List I List II (c) The material remains homogeneous when
heated

(d) The temperature within the material remains
constant when heated
A. Rigid-Perfectly plastic 1.
14. A sample of a metal is tested in tension, and it
is found that there is a strain of 0.0080 at a

corresponding stress of 450 N/mm 2 . On the
removal of the load a permanent strain of 0.0015

is found to be present. The value of modulus of
elasticity for the metal
B. Elastic-Perfectly plastic 2. (a) 1.44 × 105 N/mm2 (b) 1.77 × 105 N/mm2
(c) 0.692 × 105 N/mm2 (d) 0.30 × 105 N/mm2

15. A tie bar 50 mm × 8 mm is to carry a load of 80
 kN. A specimen of the same quality steel of cross
sectional area is 250 mm2. For a maximum load
of 125 kN carried by the specimen, the factor of
C. Rigid-Strain hardening 3.
safety in the design will be -
(a) 1.5 (b) 3.0

(c) 2.0 (d) 2.5
 16. A circular silicon carbide rod exhibiting an elastic
modulus of 450 GPa is under a uniaxial load of
D. Linearly elastic 4. 
450 MPa. The strain energy density stored in
this specimen is
(a) 225 Nmm/mm3 (b) 0.225 Nmm/mm3
A B C D (c) 2.25 Nmm/mm 3
(d) 22.5 Nmm/mm3
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 1 3 2 4 17. Young's modulus of a perfectly rigid body is
(c) 3 1 2 4 (a) Unity (b) Negative
(d) 1 3 4 2 (c) Zero (d) Infinity

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 1.4 Assistant Engineer
18. One megapascal is equal to 23. Choose the correct relation between modulus
(a) 106 kN/m2 (b) 1 kgf/m2 of elasticity (E), modulus of rigidity (G) and bulk
(c) 1 N/mm 2
(d) 1 N/m2 modulus (K) from the following options:
2 9 3 9 3 1
19. A cube having each side of length a, is (a)   (b)  
constrained in all directions and is heated E G K E G K
uniformly so that the temperature is raised to 3 9 1 1 9 3
T°C If  is the thermal coefficient of expansion (c)   (d)  
E G K E G K
of the cube material and E the modulus of
24. The engineering stress - strain diagram of a mild
elasticity the stress developed in the cube would
steel indicates stress values of 300 MPa and 400
be:
MPa at 10% and 15% strains, respectively and
TE TE exhibits necking at a strain of 27%. The
(a) (b) difference in true stress values between these
µ 2µ
points is :
TE TE (a) 100 MPa (b) 120 MPa
(c)  1  2µ  (d)  1  2µ  (c) 130 MPa (d) 140 MPa
25. Bar -1 has a diameter d, length L, and elastic
20. Match List–I (Property) with List-II modulus E and subjected to tensile load P,
(Characteristics) and select the correct answer resulting in an elongation of 1 . Bar -2 has
using the codes given below the lists: diameter, 2d, length 2L, an elastic modulus 2E
List–I and subjected to tensile load 2P, resulting in an
A. Fatigue elongation of 2. Find the ratio 1/2 .
26. Two circular rods shown below carry the same
B. Creep
axial load P. The Rod - A has Uniform cross -
C. Plasticity
section and the Rod - B has non - Uniform cross
D. Endurance limit -section as shown. The ratio of elongation of
List–II Rod - A to Rod - B is given by
1. Material continues to deform with time under
sustained loading
2. Decreased resistance of material to repeated
reversals of stress
3. Material has a high probability of not failing
under reversals of stress of magnitude below
this level
4. Material continues to deform without any
further increase in stress
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 1 2 4 3
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2
(d) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2:1 (d) 3:1
21. The ratio of modulus of rigidity and modulus 27. An elastic rod AB is held between two rigid
of elasticity (G/E) for any elastic isotropic supports as shown in figure. An axial load P is
material is: applied at a distance of L/3 from the left end.
(a) Less than 1/2 (b) Less than 1/3 The support reaction at B is
(c) More than 1/3 (d) Both (a) and (c)
22. In an experiment it is found that the bulk
modulus of a material is equal to its shear
modulus, the Poisson's ratio of the material is :
(a) 0.125 (b) 0.250
(a) 0 (b) P/3
(c) 0.375 (d) 0.500
(c) 2P/3 (d) P

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 1.5 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
28. For the cantilever beam as shown in figure the 32. A square plate of side 1m and thickness 1cm is
cross sectional area of the steel, aluminum and subjected to a tensile stress of 100 MPa and a
bronze part is 2 500mm , 2 400mm and 2 200mm shear stress of 50MPa. The Youngs modulus and
respectively. The maximum P that will not the Poisson¡¦s ratio of the material of the plate
exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in Aluminum are respectively 2 × 105 MPa and 0.3. The change
of 90 MPa or in Bronze of 100 MPa is in volume of this plate is
(a) 0.2 × 10–5 m3 (b) 1.5 × 10–5 m3
–5 3
(c) 1 × 10 m (d) 0.5 × 10–5 m3
33. A rod is subjected to a uni-axial load within linear
elastic limit. When the change in the stress is
200 MPa, the change in the strain is 0.001. If the
Poisson’s ratio of the rod is 0.3, the modulus of
(a) 25000 N (b) 20000 N
rigidity (in GPa ) is ______.
(c) 15000 N (d) 10000 N
34. A metallic rod of 500mm length and 50 mm
29. The tapered rod shown in Fig is subjected to an
diameter, when subjected to a tensile force of
axial pull. The ratio of its extension based on
100kN at the ends, experiences an increase in
actual calculation to that based on an average
its length by 0.5 mm and a reduction in its
diameter is
diameter by 0.015 mm. The Poisson’s ratio of
the rod material is _________ .
35. An intially unstressed rod of length L is fixed
at both ends, as shown in figure. The rod is
heated uniformly, to raise the temperature by
T. The young¡¦s modulus is E, Poisson¡¦s ratio
is v and coefficient of thermal expansion is .
The axial stress in the rod, assuming the rod to
(a) 1.33 (b) 0.75 be weightless, is
(c) 0.5 (d) 1.5
30. An isotropic body is subjected to a state of stress
given by : x = 10 MPa and xy = xy = –20 MPa.
Assuming G = 0.4 E, the volumetric strain is
5 7.5
(a) (b)
E E
10 15
(c) (d) –ET
E E
(a) Zero (b)  1    1 – 2  
31. A thin square plate is in a state of pure shear as
shown in Fig. As a result, the angle between (c) –ET (d) 2ET
edges AB and AD is no longer 90° but it is now 36. At a temperature of 0 40 C , a rod tightly fits
89.91° . The shear strain at point A is between two rigid walls such that the
1 1 compressive stress in the rod is 60 MPa. Given
(a) (b) – E = 200GPa and  = 20 × 10 –6 / 0 C, find the
1000 1000
temperature at which the rod will just lose
  contact with the walls.
(c) (d) –
2000 1000

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 Assistant Engineer
1.6
Chapter M OMENT OF INERTIA

2
1. The unit of Mass Moment of Inertia is 6. A rectangular hollow section with external
(a) Kgm3 (b) Kgm2 dimensions 4 cm by 4 cm and thickness of 1 cm
(c) Kgm (d) Kgm4 will have its moment of inertia about centroidal
2. Moment of Inertia is a concept applicable in case X-X axis.
of
(a) A Rotating body x x
(b) A body moving in a straight line
(c) A body at rest
(d) Both (a) and (b) (a) 21.33 cm4 (b) 1.33 cm4
3. The moment of inertia of a square of size 1 unit (c) 256 cm4 (d) 20 cm4
about its diagonal is 7. The ratio of moment of inertia of a rectangular
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 to that of a triangular having same base and
(c) 1/12 (d) 1/6 height about their bases is
4. Moment of Inertia of rectangular section shown: (a) 1 (b) 2
Figure about its base is: (c) 3 (d) 4
8. The second moment of a plane area about any
b axis as compared to its second moment about
the neutral axis:
(a) is always more
d (b) is always less
(c) is sometimes more
(d) is equal
9. The ratio of Moment of Inertia about the neutral
bd2 bd2 axis to the distance of the most distant fibre of
(a) (b)
12 3 the section from the neutral axis is called
(a) Moment of Inertia
bd3 bd3 (b) Polar Moment of Inertia
(c) (d)
12 3 (c) Section Modulus
5. The Y axis of centre of gravity of semi-circular (d) Modulus of elasticity
plate 1.32 m diameter from its base as shown in
figure.

Y axis

X axis

X axis
1.32 m

(a) 0.14 m (b) 0.21 m

(c) 0.28 m (d) None of these

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 1.7 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
Chapter BENDING STRESS
3 &
SHEAR STRESS
1. The shear stress at the neural axis in a beam of 6. A cantilever beam having cross-sectional area
triangular section with a base of 40 mm and 0.1 m2 and moment of inertia 1.33 × 10–3 m4 as
height 20 mm, subjected to a shear force of 3 shown in figure is subjected to uniform tension
kN is of 200 N and a couple of 200 N-m at the free
end.
(a) 3 MPa (b) 6 MPa
(c) 10 MPa (d) 20 MPa 200 N
P
20 mm
2. A structural steel beam has an unsymmetrical I-
cross -section. The overall depth of the beam is
200 mm. The flange stresses at the top and
200 Nm
bottom are 120 N/mm 2 and 80 N/mm 2 ,
respectively. The depth of the neutral axis from The state of stress at point P, 20 mm above the
the top of the beam will be neutral axis is
(a) 120 mm (b) 100 mm
(c) 80 mm (d) 60 mm
3. A beam has triangular cross-section, having base
'b' and altitude 'h'. If a section of the beam is
(a) (b)
subjected to a shear force F, the shear stress at
the level of neutral axis in the cross-section is
given by

4F 3F
(a) (b)
3bh 4bh

8F 3F (c) (d)
(c) (d)
3bh 8bh

4. A square beam laid flat is then rotated in such a 7. The shear centre of a section is defined as that
way that one of its diagonal becomes horizontal. point
How is its moment capacity affected? (a) Through which the load must be applied to
produce zero twisting moment on the section
(a) Increases by 41.4%
(b) At which the shear force is zero
(b) Increases by 29.27% (c) At which the shear force is maximum
(c) Decreases by 29.27% (d) At which the shear force is minimum
(d) Decreases by 41.4% 8. The maximum bending stress induced in a steel
wire of modules of elasticity 100 kN/mm 2 and
5. A rectangular beam of uniform strength and diameter 2 mm when wound on a drum of
subjected to a bending moment 'M' has a diameter 2 m is approximately equal to
constant width. The variation in depth will be (a) 50 N/mm2
proportional to
(b) 100 N/mm2
(a) 1/M (b) M (c) 200 N/mm2
(c) M (d) M2 (d) 400 N/mm2

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 1.8 Assistant Engineer
9. The shear stress on a beam section is maximum: 16. Two beams, one of circular cross-section and
(a) At the centroid of the section other of square cross section, have equal areas
(b) On the extreme free surface fibres of cross section. If subjected to bending:
(c) At the free edges (a) Circular section is more economical
(d) At the neutral axis but not at the centre of
(b) Square section is more economical
the gravity
(c) Both sections are equally strong
10. A beam of rectangular cross-section is 100 mm
wide and 200 mm deep. If the section is subjected (d) Both sections are equally stiff
to a shear force of 20 kN, then the maximum 17. In the flexure theory of beams, the neutral axis
shear stress in the section is has the following characteristic.
(a) 1 N/mm2 (a) Always passes through the centroid of the
(b) 1.125 N/mm2 cross section
(c) 1.33 N/mm2 (b) Always remains straight after bending
(d) 1.5 N/mm2
(c) Always lies at the mid height of crosssection
11. A Rectangular section is to be prepared by (d) Longitudinal stress is maximum along the
cutting a Circular log of timber having diameter axis
D. What should be the width of the Strongest
Rectangular section to resist the moment? 18. In a prismatic beam under the action of pure
bending.
(a) D/2 (b) D/ 2
(a) Both the shear stress and shear strain are
(c) D/ 3 (d) D/3 zero
12. Two beams with equal cross-sections, made of (b) Shear stress is zero and shear strain isnon
the same materials, having the same support zero.
conditions, and each are loaded with equal (c) Shear stress is non -zero and shear strain is
uniform load per unit length. One beam is twice zero
as long as the other. The maximum bending (d) Both shear stress and shear strain are non-
stress in the longer beam is larger by a factor of zero
(a) 1.25 (b) 2
19. A steel wire of diameter 5mm is bent around a
(c) 3 (d) 4
cylindrical drum of radius 0.5m. The steel wire
13. Shear flow is defined as: has modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa. Find the
(a) Maximum shear stress at any plane of the bending moment in the wire in N-m.
beam
(b) Longitudinal shear force transmitted across
the plane per unit length along the beam
(c) Average shear stress across the section of
the beam
(d) Maximum shear force acting on the beam
14. The ratio of the flexural strength of two square
beams one placed with its two sides horizontal
and the other placed with one diagonal vertical
is
20. A steel beam replaced by a corresponding
(a) 2 (b) 3 aluminium beam of same cross-sectional shape
(c) (d) and dimensions, and is subjected to same
5 7
loading. The maximum bending stress will
15. The maximum shear stress caused due to a shear (a) Be unaltered
force in a beam of rectangular cross-section is
(b) Increase
how much more in percentage than its average
value? (c) Decrease
(a) 200% (b) 150% (d) Vary in proportion to their modulus of
(c) 100% (d) 50% elasticity

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 1.9 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
21. A homogenous prismatic simply supported 23. The structure shown below is of rectangular
beam is subjected to a point load F. The load cross-section and carries a load of 10kN at its
can be placed anywhere along the span of the free end E. Maximum bending stress (in MPa)
beam. The maximum flexural stress developed developed in the beam due the external load is
in the beam is ________ .

3FL 3FL
(a) (b)
2BD 2 4BD 2
The depth of the beam is 300mm and the width
2FL 4FL is 150mm.
(c) (d)
3BD 2 3BD 2 24. A cantilever beam of T-section, shown in figure
22. A hollow circular shaft of inside diameter 10 is carrying a couple moment M0 at the free end.
mm and outside diameter 20 mm is subjected to Maximum magnitude of bending stress will
a pure symmetric - bending moment of 200 N- occur at
m. The magnitude of bending stress at a point
in the plane of loading. Which is at a distance of
5mm from the neutral axis, is
(a) 0 (b) 68.8 MPa
(c) 135.8 MPa (d) 271.6 MPa

(a) Bottom fibre throughout

(b) Top fibre at fixed end only
(c) Bottom fibre at fixed end
(d) Top fibre throughout

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 Assistant Engineer
1.10
Chapter TORSION IN SHAFTS
4
1. A circular shaft is subjected to a twisting 6. A circular shaft of diameter 30 mm having shear
moment T and bending moment M. The ratio modulus G = 80 GPa is subjected to moment
of maximum bending stress to maximum shear torque as shown below.
stress is given by 20 kN-m

2M M A
(a) (b)
T T
2m 1m
2T M What is the maximum shear stresses developed
(c) (d) at periphery of shaft at A?
M 2T
(a) 20.6 MPa (b) 15.3 MPa
(c) 7.4 MPa (d) Zero
2. Two steel shafts A and B are used for 7. A torque of 1 N-m is transmitted through a
transmitting power. The ratio of revolutions of steeped shaft as shown in the figure. The torsional
NA stiffness of individual sections of lengths MN,
shaft i.e.,  2 . The ratio of torque on shafts NO and OP are 20 Nm/rad, 30 Nm/rad and 60
NB
Nm/rad respectively. The angular deflection
TA 1 between the ends M and P of the shaft is
i.e., T  2 . The ratio of the horse power
B
N O P
M
PA
transmitted by the shafts i.e, would be
PB
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (a) 0.05rad (b) 0.1rad
(c) 1 (d) 2 (c) 0.5rad (d) 1rad
8. Two solid shafts A and B are made of the same
3. Solid shaft A of diameter d and length l is material. Shaft A is of 50 mm diameter and shaft
subjected to a torque T. Another shaft B of same
B is of 100 mm diameter. The strength of shaft
material and length but of half the diameter is B is
also subjected to the same torque T. The ratio
(a) 2 times as that of shaft A
of the angles of twist of shaft B to that of shaft (b) 4 times as that of shaft A
A is
(c) 6 times as that of shaft A
(a) 32 (b) 16 (d) 8 times as that of shaft A
(c) 8 (d) 4 9. A solid circular shaft is to transmit a power, P
kW, when turning N revolutions per min. For a
4. A solid circular shaft of diameter d and Length given maximum shear stress, the shaft diameter
L is fixed at one end and free at the other end. will be proportional to
A torque T is applied at the free end. The shear (a) (P/N)0.31 (b) (P/N)0.33
modulus of the material is G. the angle of twist (c) (P/N) 0.67
(d) (P/N)3
at the free end is 10. A bar AB of diameter 40 mm and 4 m long is
(a) 16TL/d4G (b) 32TL/d4G rigidly fixed at its ends. A torque 600 N-m is
(c) 64TL/d4G (d) 128TL/d4G applied at a section of the bar, 1 m from end A.
The fixing couples TA and TB at the supports A
5. Polar modulus of a section is a measure of and B, respectively are
strength of section in (a) 200 N-m and 400 N-m
(a) Bending (b) Shear (b) 300 N-m and 150 N-m
(c) Torsion (d) None of the above (c) 450 N-m and 150 N-m
(d) 300 N-m and 100 N-m
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 1.11 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
11. The ratio of torsional moments of resistance of 16. For the given steel shaft shown in figure, the
a solid circular shaft of diameter D to that of a maximum shear stress due to torsion is found
hollow shaft with external diameter D and to be 45 MPa. What is the ratio of rate of twist
internal diameter d is at A to the rate of twist at B:
D4 D4  d4 Dia = 100 mm
(a) (b) Mt
D4  d4 D4
A B
D3 D3  d3
(c) 3 (d) (a) 1 (b) 0.8
D  d3 D3
(c) 1.2 (d) 0
Both the shafts having same material.
12. Two shafts A and B are made of the same 17. The flexibility coefficient for shaft of length L
material. The diameter of shaft B twice that of and torsional rigidity GJ under torsion at mid-
shaft A. The ratio of power which can be point is
transmitted by shaft A to that of shaft B is (if (a) L2/6GJ (b) L/2GJ
maximum shear stress remains the same) (c) L/3GJ (d) L/GJ
1 1
(a) (b) 18. In a solid rectangular shaft subjected to torsion,
2 4
the maximum shear stress occurs at:
1 1 (a) centre (b) corners
(c) (d)
8 16
(c) mid of smaller side (d) mid of longer side
13. What will be the torsional stiffness of a shaft of
length L and shear modulus G if it is subjected 19. A hollow shaft will transmit ................ power
to a twisting moment Mt and an angle of twist ? than a solid shaft of same weight and material.
(a) Less
MtL 
(a) (b) M (b) Same
G t
(c) More
Mt MtL (d) None of the above
(c) (d)
 
20. Strain energy stored in a solid shaft due to
14. Pure torsion of a shaft produces: application of Torque 'T' at free end while other
(a) Longitudinal normal stress in shaft end is fixed, if G is shear modulus, J is polar
(b) Only direct shear stress in shaft moment of inertia, and L is the length of shaft
(c) Circumferential shear stress on a surface is/will be
element of shaft
(d) A longitudinal shear stress and a TL2 T 2 L2
(a) (b)
circumferential shear stress on a surface GJ 2GJ
element of shaft
2TL2 T2 L
15. The outside diameter of a hollow shaft is twice (c) (d)
GJ 2GJ
of its insided diameter and its torque carrying
capacity is Mt1 . A solid shaft of the same material 21. In a solid circular bar of diameter D, a concentric
has the diameter equal to the outside diameter D
hole is made of diameter . The ratio of the
of the hollow shaft and its torque carrying 2
torque carried by the hollow bar to that of the
M t2
capacity is Mt . What wil be the ratio of M ? solid bar in order to develop the same
2 t 1 magnitude of shear stress (maximum) will be
15 16 8 15
(a) (b) (a) (b)
16 15 9 16
1 3 1 5
(c) (d) (c) (d)
16 4 2 6

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 1.12 Assistant Engineer
22. A stepped shaft of uniform material with shear 24. Solid shaft A of diameter d and length l is
modulus of 105 MPa is shown in figure. The subjected to a torque T. Another shaft B of same
lengths and polar moments of inertia (I p) are material and length but of half the diameter is
indicated in the figure. A torque of 5000 N-M is also subjected to the same torque T. The ratio
applied at the free end. The twist in radians at of the angles of twist of shaft B to that of shaft
the free end is A is
(a) 32 (b) 16
(c) 8 (d) 4
25. A circular rod of length L and torsional rigidity
GJ is fixed at one end and free at the other end.
If a twisting moment T is applied at a distance
L
of from the fixed end. The angle of twist at
2
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5
free end will be
(c) 0.2 (d) 0.7
23. For a stepped shaft shown in figure, the ratio TL TL
(a) (b)
TA 2GJ GJ
of the torque at A to that at C, i.e, is
TC 2TL 3TL
(c) (d)
GJ GJ

(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 16

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 1.13 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
Chapter SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
5 &
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
1. The following statements are related to bending 4. Group I gives the shear force diagrams and
of beams Group II gives the diagrams of beams with
I. The slope of the bending moment diagram supports and loading. Match the Group I and
is equal to the shear force. Group II.
II. The slope of the shear diagram is equal to Group I
the load intensity
III. The slope of the curvature is equal to the
ql/2
flexural rotation. ql/4
IV. The second derivative of the deflection is
P.
equal to the curvature. ql/4 ql/2
The only FALSE statement is
(a) I (b) II
(c) III (d) IV
ql/4
2. The bending moment diagram for a beam is Q.
ql/4
given below
The shear force at sections aa' and bb'
respectively are of the magnitude q/2 q/2
q/2
R.
b 200 kN-m q/2
q/2 q/2

q/2
a
100 kN-m
S.
q/2
Group II
0.5m a' 1m b' 1m
0.5m q l/unit length q l/unit length
1.
(a) 100 kN, 150 kN (b) Zero, 100 kN
(c) Zero, 50 kN (d) 100 kN, 100 kN l/4 l l/4

3. A curved member with a straight vertical leg is q/2 q/2

carrying a vertical load at Z, as shown in the 2.
figure. The stress resultants in the XY segment l/4 l l/4
are
3.
Z l/4 l l/4

q/2 q/2
4.
Y l/4 l l/4
X
Codes:
(a) Bending moment, shear force and axial force P Q R S
(a) 3 1 2 4
(b) Bending moment and axial force only
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) Bending moment and shear force only (c) 2 1 4 3
(d) Axial force only (d) 2 4 3 1

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 1.14 Assistant Engineer
5. For a simply supported beam of length L, 9. The point of contraflexure is a point where
subjected to a uniformly distributed moment M (a) Shear force changes sign
kN-m per unit length as shwon in the figure,
(b) Bending moment changes sign
the bending moment (in kN-m) at the mid-span
of the beam is (c) Shear force is maximum

M kN-m per unit length (d) Bending moment is maximum

10. In a fixed beam carrying a uniformly distributed
A B load W over the whole span, two points of
contraflexure occur. They are equi-distant from
L the centre of the span and this distance is
(a) Zero (b) M
(c) ML (d) M/L L L
(a) (b)
3 3
6. The diagram below shows a simply supported
beam with load. L 2L
(c) (d)
2 3 3
100 kN/m
11. Maximum bending moment in a beam occurs
where
(a) Deflection is zero
1m 1m (b) Shear force is maximum
Which one of the following diagrams is the shear (c) Shear force is minimum
force diagram for this beam? (d) Shear force changes sign
25 12. A portion of a beam between two sections is
said to be in pure bending when there is....
(a) 75
(a) Constant bending moment and zero shear
force
75 (b) Constant shear force and zero bending
(b) 25 moment
(c) Constant bending moment and constant
75 shear force
(c) 25 (d) None of the above

13. The shear force and bending moment is zero at

(d) 75 the free end of a cantilever beam, if it carries
25 (a) Point load at the free end
(b) Point load at the middle and free end
7. For the portions of a simply supported beam,
Over which uniformly distributed load is acting, (c) Uniformly distributed load over the whole
the bending moment diagram will consists of length
(a) Inclined Lines (d) None of the above
(b) Third degree polynomials
(c) Fourth degree polynomials 14. In a simply supported beam, the shear force is
(d) Parabolic Lines uniform throughout the length of span when it
is subjected to:
8. The slope of the bending moment diagram of
(a) UDL over the span
any section of a loaded beam is
(a) Torsion at the section (b) A point load at mid-span
(b) Maximum shear force of the beam (c) A moment couple anywhere within the span
(c) Shear force at that section (d) Two point loads kept such that these loads
(d) Maximum bending moment of the beam divide the beam in three equal parts

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 1.15 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
15. For the beam shown in figure, bending moment 19. For the beam shown, Which of the following
at sections 1-1 and 2-2 respectively are: are discontinuous at the mid-span ?

100 N 1 2
10N/m
3000 N-m

1 2
10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m

(A) Bending moment only

(a) +3000 N-m, –3000 N-m (B) Axial force and bending moment only
(b) –3000 N-m, 0 (C) Bending moment and shear force only
(c) +3000 N-m, +3000 N-m (D) Axial force, bending moment and shear force
(d) +3000 N-m, 0 20. The beam shown below carries two external
moments. A counterclockwise moment of
16. For a beam of length 'L' fixed at ends A & B, magnitude 2M acts at point B and a clockwise
the maximum bending moment for uniformly moment of magnitude M acts at the free end,
distributed load 'W' per unit lenght will be C. The beam is fixed at A. The shear force at a
section close to the fixed end is equal to
WL2 WL2
(a) (b)
4 12

WL2 WL2
(c) (d)
8 24

17. When there is a sudden increase or decrease in

shear force diagram between any two points, it
indicates that there is a: (A) 2M/L (B) M/L
(a) Point load between the two points (C) 0 (D) – M/L
(b) No loading between the two points 21. A cantilever beam is subjected to a force and a
moment as shown in the figure. The bending
(c) Uniformly distributed load between the two
moment at the fixed end is
points
(d) Uniformly varying load between the two
points
18. A beam ABC is supported and loaded as shown
in the figure. Find the support reactions at A
and B. (Neglect horizontal reaction at A)

W kN/m
(A) 1 PL (B) 2 PL
(C) 3 PL (D) 4 PL
22. The bending moment at point B on the cantilever
beam in the figure is

A B

WL WL WL WL
(a) , (b) ,
3 3 3 6

WL WL WL WL (A) – 2.0 PL (B) 1.0 PL

(c) , (d) , (C) – 0.5 PL (D) – 1.5 PL
6 3 6 6

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 1.16 Assistant Engineer
23. A beam having both sides overhang is loaded 25. For a simply supported beam as shown in
as shown in figure. To make moments equal in figure, the bending moment diagram is shown.
both supports, the ratio of w and q has to be The unknown load marked as X is

(A) 2 : 3 (B) 4 : 7
(C) 8 : 27 (D) 4 : 9
24. The shear force and the bending moment
respectively at section A-A for the beam loaded
as shown in the figure is

(a) Load of 2000 N inclined at 30° with horizontal

(b) Vertical load of 1000 N
(c) Moment of 1000 Nm
(d) Load of 2000 N inclined at 30° with vertical
26. In a cantilever beam of length 2 m, the shear
(A) P, 0 (B) 3 P, 2 PL
force in newton (N) along the length is given
(C) 2 P, 3 PL (D) 0, PL
by (x) = 5x2, where x is the distance in meter
measured from the fixed end. The magnitude
of the load intensity at the midspan of the beam
is
(A) 0 (B) 1 N/m
(C) 5 N/m (D) 10 N/m

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 1.17 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
Chapter DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
6
1. The stepped cantilever is subjected to moments,
9Pa 3 27Pa 3
M as shown in the figure below. The vertical (a) (b)
2EI 2EI
deflection at the free end (neglecting the self
weight) is 27Pa 3 2Pa 3
(c) (d)
8EI 8EI
2EI EI
5. If a cantilever beam of span L and flexural
M M
L/2 L/2 rigidity EI carries a moment M at the free end,
the deflection at that end is
ML2 ML2
(a) (b) ML ML2
8EI 4EI (a) (b)
24EI 12EI
ML2
(c) (d) Zero ML ML2
2EI (c) (d)
6EI 2EI
2. A simply supported beam of uniform flexural
rigidity is loaded a shown in the given figure. 6. Maximum deflection in a simply supported beam
The rotation of the end A is with a central point load 'W' is given by

P P (a) 5WL3/34EI
(b) WL3/3EI
A B (c) WL3/48EI
L/3 L/3 L/3 (d) WL3/8EI
7. A cantilever beam of rectangular cross-section
PL2 PL2 is subjected to a concentrated load W at its free
(a) (b) end. If the width of the beam is doubled the
9 EI 6 EI
deflection at the free end as compared to the
PL2 PL2 earlier case will be
(c) (d)
18 EI 12 EI (a) 16 times (b) 8 times
(c) 2 times (d) Half
3. A cantilever beam of span L is acted on by a
concentrated load P at the free end. To have 8. A cantilever beam of span 3 m is subjected to
the same rotation at the free end under the action uniformly distributed load of 80 kN/m
of a concentrated moment M 0 at the free end, throughout the span. Determine the value of
point load that can be applied in upward
M0
the value of will be direction at free end in order to gave the
P resulting deflection at free end as zero.
(a) L (b) 1.5L
(a) 30 kN (b) 90 kN
(c) 1.75L (d) 2L
(c) 60 kN (d) 80 kN
4. What is the vertical displacement at the point C
of the structure shown in the figure given below 9. In conjugate beam, the loading is equal to
(a) Shear force diagram of actual beam
B (b) Bending moment diagram of actual beam
A
(3a,I) (a,I)
C P
(c) Loading of actual beam
EI constant (d) M/EI diagram of actual beam

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 1.18 Assistant Engineer
10. A simply supported beam with rectangular cross- 16. A beam simply supported at the ends carries a
section is subjected to a central concentrated load. uniformly distributed load at the mid span, If
If the width and depth of beam is doubled, the the span is doubled, the deflection at the mid
deflection at centre of the beam will be reduced span will become
to (A) 2 times (B) 4 times
(a) 50% (b) 25% (C) 8 times (D) 16 times
(c) 12.5% (d) 6.25% 17. The vertical deflection at the free end of the
cantilever beam is shown in figure is
11. Prismatic cantilever beam of length L carries a
uniformly distributed load throughout its
length. If at the free end of the beam vertical
deflection is 18 mm and slope of the deflection
curve is 0.02 rad, the length of beam is
(a) 0.8 m (b) 1.0 m
(c) 1.2 m (d) 1.5 m
1400 1400
12. The ratio of the deflection at the free end of a (A) (B)
EI 3EI
cantilever when it is subjected to a concentrated
load at the free end and when a concentrated 200 100
load is applied at the midspan is (C) (D)
EI EI
16 13 18. A frame is subjected to a load P as shown in the
(a) (b) figure. The frame has a constant flexural rigidity
5 5
EI. The effect of axial load is neglected. The
18 17 deflection at point A due to the applied load P
(c) (d)
5 5 is
13. A cantilever beam of length L, with uniform
cross-section and flexural rigidity, EI is loaded
uniformly by a vertical load, w per unit length.
The maximum vertical deflection of the beam is
given by
wL4 wL4
(A) (B)
8EI 16EI

wL4 wL4
(C) (D)
4EI 24EI
14. A simply supported beam of span L and flexural
rigidity EI carries a uniformly distributed load
w/unit length. The deflection at the mid span
of the beam is 1PL3 2PL3
(A) (B)
3EI 3EI
wL4 5wL4
(A) 48EI (B) 96EI
    (C)
PL4
(D)
4PL3
EI EI
5wL4 3wL4
(C) 384EI (D) 16EI
   
15. A cantilever beam of span L is acted on by a
concentrated load P at the free end. To have
the same rotation at the free end under the action
of a concentrated moment M 0 at the free end,
M0
the value of will be
P
(A) L (B) 0.5L
(C) 1.75L (D) 2L

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 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
1.19
Chapter PRINCIPAL STRESS
7 &
PRINCIPAL STRAIN
1. Which of the following Mohr's circles shown 4. The Mohr’s circle at a point is shown in Figure
below qualitatively and correctly represents the
state of plane stress at a point in a beam above 
the neutral axis, where it is subjected to combine
shear and bending compressive stresses.

Mohr's Circle

 (tensile)
(a)


Which of the following figures represents the
 (tensile) state of stress at the point
(b)


(a) (b)
 (tensile)
(c)

 (tensile)
(d) (c) (d)

2. In a two-dimensional stress system, the radius

of the Mohr's circle represents 5. Principal plane is defined as a plane on which
(a) Maximum normal stress the shear stress is
(b) Minimum normal stress
(a) Maximum (b) Half of the normal
(c) Minimum shear stress
(d) Maximum shear stress (c) Zero (d) None of these
3. A shaft of diameter 'd' is subjected to bending 6. The normal stresses on two perpendicular
moment M and twisting moment T. The planes through a point in a stressed material are
developed principal stress will be 80 MPa (tensile) and 20 Mpa (compressive)
16 respectively value of maximum shear stress at
(a)  M2  T2 the point
d 3
(a) 50 MPa (b) Zero
16
(b) 
d 3

M  M2  T2  (c) 40 MPa (d) 60 MPa
7. If an element of a stressed body is in the state of
16 2

(c)  3 T  M  T
d
2
 pure shear with magnitude of shear stress as 80
N/mm2 then the principal stress at that elements
16 (a) 40 N/mm2 (b) 120 N/mm2
(d)  M2  T2  M
d 3 (c) 148 N/mm2 (d) 80 N/mm2

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 1.20 Assistant Engineer
8. The state of plane stress at a point is represented 14. The radius of Mohr's circle for an equal unlike
by the stress element below. Assuming tensile principal stresses of magnitude '  ' is
force positive and compressive force negative,
the principal stresses (MPa) are 
(a)  (b)
10 MPa 2
(c) zero (d) 2
40 MPa 15. A principal plane is one where the shear stress
will be
50 MPa (A) Maximum
(B) Minimum
(C) Zero
(D) Average of principal stresses
(a) 50, -50 (b) 70, -30
(c) -70, -30 (d) 70, 30 16. Consider the following statements: State of
stresses at a point when completly specified,
9. The angle between maximum shear strain axis enables one to determine the
and principal strain axis is
(a) 0° (b) 30° 1. Principal stresses at the point
(c) 45° (d) 90° 2. Maximum shearing stress at the point
10. A rectangular bar is subjected to an axial tensile 3. Stress components on any arbitrary plane
load producing a tensile stress P on a section containing the point
normal to the axis of loading. The tangential Which of these statements are correct ?
stress induced on any oblique plane at an angle
 to the cross-section is (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 3
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1 and 2
P
(a) Pcos  2 (b) cos 2 17. A point in a body is subjected to a biaxial state
2
of stress, equal in magnitude but opposite in
nature. On a plane inclined at an angle 45° with
P P
(c) sin 2  (d) sin 2  respect to x- axis (passing through the point),
2 2
the
11. A bar of length L is subjected to an axial load P. (a) Shear and normal stresses are zero
The ratio of maximum normal stress to the
(b) Normal stress is maximum and shear stress
maximum shear stress is:
is zero
(a) 0.5 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 4 (c) Shear stress is maximum and normal stress
12. A point on a machine component has the is zero
following state of plane strain: (d) Shear stress is maximum and normal stress
xx   –  720µ, yy   –  400µ,  xx  660µ, (µ= 10–6) is non-zero
If E = 70 GPa and G = 28 GPa, then the three 18. The normal stresses in a two-dimensional stress
state are 80 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. The
principal stresses  1 ,  2 , 3 in MPa  are:
normal stress on the plane of maximum shear
(a) –42.18, –83.26, 0 stress is
(b) –71.68, –31.36, 0 (A) 50 MPa (B) 30 MPa
(c) –42.18, –83.26, –31.36
(C) 80 MPa (D) 20 MPa
(d) 42.18, 83.26, 31.36
13. The major and minor principal stress at a point 19. The principal stresses at a point on a body
are 120 MPa and 70 MPa. On a plane passing subjected to a state of plane stress are 10 MPa
through a point, the normal stress is 115 MPa. and 20 MPa. The magnitude of shear stress on a
The shear stress on the plane is: plane in which the normal stress is 12 Mpa is
(a) 5 MPa (b) 10 MPa (A) 3 MPa (B) 4 MPa
(c) 15 MPa (d) 20 MPa (C) 5 MPa (D) 8 MPa

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 1.21 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
20. The state of stress at a point is as shown below. Common Data Questions 23 & 24
Both the normal and shear stresses on a plane, At a point in an object subjected to plane stress
inclined at an angle of 45° with horizontal are conditions, the state of stress is as shown in the
zero. If x  y  200 MPa the shear stress xy is Figure

(A) 50 MPa (B) 70 MPa

(C) 100 MPa (D) 200 MPa
21. The shear stress  in MPa on the inclined plane
AB shown in the Figure is 23. One of the principal stresses (in MPa ) is
(A) 40 (B) 80
(C) 120 (D) 140
24. The normal stress on the plane AB (in MPa) is
(A) 30 (B) 70
(C) 100 (D) 110
25. At a point in a body subjected to plane stress,
the state of stress is as shown in the figure. One
of the principal stresses is 180 MPa. Find the
unknown shear stress  (in MPa).____________

(A) –5 1  3  
(B) 5 –1  3 
(C) –5  3 – 1 (D) 5 3  1
22. The Mohr’s circle at a point is shown in Figure

26. The state of stress at a point is as shown in the

Figure. The magnitude of the maximum shear
stress is

Which of the following figures represents the

state of stress at the point

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
(A) 9 MPa (B) 3 MPa
(C) 4.5 MPa (D) 6 MPa

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 1.22 Assistant Engineer
Chapter THEORY OF COLUMN
8
1. The ratio of the theoretical critcial buckling load 5. The middle third rule in the stability analysis
for a column with fixed ends to that of another of retaining walls ensures the condition of no
column with the same dimensions and material, (a) Overturning (b) Tension
but with pinned ends, is equal to (c) Compression (d) Crushing
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0
6. A column of circular cross-section of diameter
(c) 2.0 (d) 4.0
'd' is subjected to a direct compressive axial load
2. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly and an eccentric compressive load of eccentricity
matched 'e'. In order that the tensile stress induced is
 2 EI zero, the limiting region for application of the
(a) Both ends hinged: load should be the shaded concentric circle of
L2
diameter
4  2 EI
(b) Both ends fixed :
L2
 2 EI
(c) One end fixed and other end free:
4L2
 2 EI
(d) One end fixed and the other hinged:
2L2 d
3. A circular column of external diameter D, and
internal diameter d, carries an eccentric load (a) d/3 (b) d/4
such that tension is developed nowhere. What (c) d/6 (d) d/8
shall be the diameter of the core ? 7. The slenderness ratio of column is zero when
2
D d 2 2
D –d 2 (a) Its length is exactly equal to the radius of
(a) (b) gyration
8D 8D
(b) Its length is half the radius of gyration
D2  d2 D2  d2 (c) Total load carried is less than half the dead
(c) (d)
4D 8D weight
(d) If the length is supported on all sides
4. Which eccentric load, if placed within the
throughout its length
central core shown in figures below, does not
8. The maximum permissible eccentricity of a
produce tension in the column cross-section? retaining wall of width 'B' to avoid failure in
tension is-
(a) B/12 (b) B/2
(a) b/6 b (b) b/3 b (c) B/6 (d) B/3
9. A solid round bar 3 m long and 5 cm in diameter
b/6 b/3 is used as a strut with both ends hinged. If E =
b b 2×105 N/mm2 crippling load is-
(a) 16.82 kN (b) 67.28 kN
(c) 33.64 kN (d) 134.56 kN
b b
10. The effective length for a fixed-free (one fixed
(c) d d/6 (d) d d/3 and other is free or supporting a load) type of
column of length L as used in calculating the
Euler's crippling load is
b/6 b/3 (a) L (b) 2L
(c) 0.67 L (d) 0.85 L

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 1.23 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
11. If the crushing load of a column is 3000 kN and 19. The buckling load of a slender column clamped
the Euler load is 2000 kN, then the Rankine load at both the ends is 4000 N. The column is
is subjected to an axial compression. During the
(a) 12000 kN (b) 1200 kN course of service, one of the ends gets detached
(c) 3000 kN (d) 2000 kN from the clamp and becomes free end. The
12. If diameter of a long column is reduced by 20%, absolute percentage change in the buckling load
then percentage reduction in Euler's buckling due to the change in the end condition is
load is (A) 50.00 (B) 75.00
(a) 4 (b) 36 (C) 83.25 (D) 93.75
(c) 48 (d) 56 20. The column fails by, P = 430kN
13. For a circular column having its ends hinged, Yield stress = 250 MPa
the slenderness ratio is 160, the l/d ratio of the E = 200GPa
column is: L = 1m
(a) 80 (b) 57 1  2.198  10 –7 m 4
(c) 40 (d) 20
A  1.662  10 –3 m 2
14. The resultant cuts the base of the circular column
of diameter d with an eccentricity equal to d/4.
The ratio between the maximum compressive
stress and the maximum tensile stress is:
(a) 3 (b) 4
(A) Buckling only
(c) 5 (d) Infinity
(B) Yielding only
15. The effective slenderness ratio of a cantilever (C) Buckling and yielding simultaneously
column of length l: (D) Will not fail
(a) 0.5l/r (b) l/r
21. A column of length L hinged at two ends is as
(c) 2 l /r (d) 2l/r shown in figure. If the column is prevented from
Where, r = radius of gyration. bending in the form of one lobe by a restaint at
its midpoint, the Euler crippling load is given
16. Euler critical load of a member is defined as as
(a) The load which is just sufficient to maintain
the column in a deflected shape
(b) The load which is required to collapse the
entire column
(c) The load which is required to create initial
crack in the column
(d) The load which is required to split the
column into two pieces
17. The Euler’s buckling load of a column fixed at
both the ends is P. If one of the ends is made
free, the buckling load shall change to
 2 EI 2  2 EI
P P (A) (B)
(A) (B) L2 L2
16 8
4  2 EI  2 EI
P P (C) (D)
(C) (D) L2 4L2
4 2
18. The Euler buckling load in an axially loaded
slender column
(A) Increases with increase in slenderness ratio
(B) Decrease with increase in slenderness ratio
(C) Is not affected by slenderness ratio
(D) None of the above

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 1.24 Assistant Engineer
Chapter THIN CYLINDERS
9 &
SPHERES
1. When a thin cylindrical shell is subjected to an 6. The stress in the wall of a cylinder in a direction
internal pressure , there will be normal to its longitudinal axis, due to a force
(a) A decrease in diameter and length of the shell acting along the circumference, is known as
(b) An increase in diameter and decrease in (a) Yield stress
length of the shell (b) Longitudinal stress
(c) a decrease in diameter and increase in length (c) Hoop stress
of the shell (d) Circumferential stress
(d) None of these 7. The variation of the hoop stress across the
thickness of a thick cylinder is
2. A thin cylinder shell of diameter d, length L (a) Linear (b) Uniform
and thickness t is subjected to an internal
(c) Parabolic (d) Hyperbolic
pressure P. What is the ratio of longitudinal
strain to hoop strain in terms of poisson's ratio 8. The circumferential stress in a thin shell due to
(1/m)? internal fluid is given by:
m–2 m–2 Pd 2 Pd
(a) (b) (a) (b)
2m + 1 2m – 1 4 t

2m – 1 2m + 2 4P Pd
(c) (d) (c) (d)
m–2 m –1 d 2 2t

3. The ratio of the tensile stress developed in the 9. A cylinder is said to be thin if the thickness to
wall of a boiler in the circumferential direction diameter ratio is less than
to the tensile stress in the axial direction, is (a) 1/5 (b) 1/10
(c) 1/15 (d) 1/20
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1 10. In a thin long closed cylindrical, the fluid
pressure induces
4. The volumetric strain in case of a thin cylindrical (a) Longitudinal stress equal to twice hoop
shell of diameter d, thickness t, subjected to stress
internal pressure p is: (b) Longitudinal stress equal to half the hoop
pd pd stress
(a)  3  2  (b)  4  3  (c) Only hoop stress
2tE 3tE
(d) Only Longitudinal stress
pd pd
(c)  5  4  (d)  4  5  11. What is the maximum shear stress on the wall
4tE 4tE of a thin cylinder, if it has a diameter of d,
thickness of t and the gauge pressure in the
5. A thin cylinder shell of diameter d, length L
cylinder is p?
and thickness t is subjected to an internal
(a) pd/t (b) pd/4t
pressure P. What is the ratio of longitudinal
(c) pd/2t (d) pd/8t
strain to hoop strain in terms of poisson's ratio
(1/m)? 12. What is the maximum shear stress on the wall
(a) (m – 2)/(2m + 1) of a thin sphere, if it has a diameter of d,
(b) (m – 2)/(2m – 1) thickness of t and the gauge pressure in the
cylinder is p?
(c) (2m – 1)/ (m – 2)
(a) pd/t (b) pd/4t
(d) (2m + 2)/(m – 1)
(c) pd/2t (d) pd/8t

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 1.25 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
13. A Cylindrical tank with closed ends is filled with 16. A cast iron pipe of 1 m diameter is required to
compressed air at a pressure of 500 kPa. The withstand a 200 m head of water. If the limiting
inner radius of the tank is 2 m, and it has wall tensile stress of the pipe material is 20 MPa, then
thickness of 10 mm. The magnitude of maximum the thickness of the pipe will be
in-plane shear stress (in MPa) is______. (A) 25 mm (B) 50 mm
14. A thin walled spherical shell is subjected to an (C) 75 mm (D) 100 mm
internal pressure. If the radius of the shell is 17. A compressed air tank having an inner diameter
increased by 1% and the thickness is reduced of 480 mm and a wall thickness of 8mm is
by 1% with the internal pressure remaining the formed by welding two steel hemispheres. If
same, the percentage change in the the allowable shear stress in the steel is 40 MPa,
circumferential (hoop) stress is find the maximum permissible pressure (in MPa)
(A) 0 (B) 1 inside the tank. A steel cylindrical pressure
(C) 1.08 (D) 2.02 vessel has an inner radius of 1.8 m and a wall
15. A thin circular cylindrical vessel of diameter d, thickness of 20 mm.
length l and wall thickness t is subjected to an 18. In a thin cylindrical shell, the ratio of
internal pressure p. The minimum principal longitudinal stress to hoop stress is
(a) 0.5 (b) 1
pd
stress is , where k is (c) 2 (d) 4
kt 19. For a Poisson's ratio of 0.3, the ratio of
(A) 4 (B) 3 volumetric strain to hoop strain in thin spherical
(C) 2 (D) 1 cell is
(a) 3 (b) 0.33
(c) 9.5 (d) None of the above

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 1.26 Assistant Engineer
Chapter THEORIES OF FAILURE
10 &
STRAIN ENERGY
1. Match List - I (Elastic properties of an isotropic 5. According to maximum shear stress criterion at
elastic material) with List-II (Nature of strain what ratio of maximum shear stress to yield
produced) and select the correct answer using stress of material does the yielding of material
the codes given below the take place?
List - I List - II
2
A. Young's modulus 1. Shear strain (a) 2 (b)
3
B. Modulus of rigidity 2. Normal strain
C. Bulk modulus 3. Transverse strain 1
D. Poisson's ratio 4. Volumetric strain (c) (d) 1/2
3
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 6. Match List-I (Theory of failure) with Lit-II
(b) 2 1 3 4 (Predicted ratio of shear stress to direct stress
(c) 2 1 4 3 at yield condition
(d) 1 2 4 3 List-I
2. The limit of proportionality in the material of a (a) Maximum shear stress theory
structural steel member, when subjected to (b) Maximum distortion energy theory
simple tension, is 280 N/mm 2. The principle
stresses in the member are 1 = 122 N/mm 2 (c) Maximum principal stress theory
(Tensile) and 2 = 60 N/mm2 (Compressive), µ (d) Maximum principal strain theory
= 0.3. According to maximum strain theory, the List-II
factor of safety is
1. 1.0 2. 0.577
(a) 2.5 (b) 1.5
(c) 2 (d) 3 3. 0.62 4. 0.5
(a) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
3. An element of a structure is subjected to two
principal stresses 1 and 2. (b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
1 = 200 N/mm2 (Tensile) (c) A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
2 = is compressive (d) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
The yield stresses both in simple tension and
compression for the material is 240 N/mm 2 . 7. What is the total strain energy of a member
Poisson's ratio µ = 0.25; what is the value of 2 subjected to an axial stress f (E = Young's
in N/mm2 as per maximum normal strain theory modulus)?
at which the yield of material will commence?
(a) 240 (b) 200  f2 
(a)  2E   volume of bar
(c) 180 (d) 160  
4. A square steel bar of 50 mm side and 5 m long
f
is subjected to a load where upon it absorbs a (b)    volume of bar
strain energy of 200 J. What is its modulus of E
resilience?
 f2 
1 (c)  E   volume of bar
(a) N  mm / mm 3 (b) 125 mm3/N-mm  
125

1  f 
(c) N  mm / mm 3 (d) 100 mm3/N-mm (d)    volume of bar
100  2E 

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 1.27 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
8. Match List–I (Strain Energy) with List–II 12. Two shafts of the same material and equal length
(Gradually applied load) and select the correct are subjected to the same torque. The diameter
answer using the codes given below the lists of the first shaft is twice that of the second. The
( = direct stress,  = shear stress, Mx = bending ratio of the strain energy of the first shaft to
moment, E = Modulus of elasticity, G = Modulus that of the second shaft is
of rigidity. I = Area moment of inertia, V = (a) 16:1 (b) 1:16
Volume): (c) 1:2 (d) 2:1
List–I List–II
13. A material of Young's modulus E and Poisson's
2 V ratio µ is subjected to two principal stresses 1
A. 1. Axial load
2E and 2 at a point in a two-dimensional stress
system. The strain energy per unit volume of
2 V the material is
B. 2. Bending load
2G
1
2
(a)
2E
 12  22 – 2µ12 
 V
C. 3. Shear load
4G 1
L
(b)
2E
 12   22  2µ12 
M 2x dx
D.  2EI
4. Torsional load 1
0
(c)
2E
 12 – 22  2µ1 2 
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1 1
(b) 1 4 3 2
(d)
2E
 12 – 22 – 2µ12 
(c) 2 4 3 1
14. Match List–I (Elastic constant) with List–II
(d) 1 3 4 2
(Definition) and select the correct answer using
9. A member having length L, cross-sectional area the codes given below the lists:
A and modulus of elasticity E is subjected to an List–I
axial load W. The strain energy stored in this A. Young's modulus
member is B. Poisson's ratio
WL2 WL2 C. Bulk modulus
(a) (b) D. Rigidity modulus
AE 2AE
List–II
W2L W2L 1. Lateral strain to linear strain within elastic
(c) (d)
2AE AE limit
2. Stress to strain within elastic limit
10. A simply supported beam of span L is subjected
to a concentrated load W at midspan. The strain 3. Shear stress to shear strain within elastic limit
energy due to bending in the beam would be 4. Direct stress to corresponding volumetric
strain
W 2 L3 W 2 L3 A B C D
(a) (b)
48EI 96EI (a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 2 1 4 3
W 2 L3 WL3 (c) 2 4 1 3
(c) (d)
24EI 96EI (d) 3 4 1 2
11. In a strained body, the three principal stresses 15. At a cerain point in a structural member, there
at a point are denoated by 1, 2 and 3 such are perpendicular stresses 80 N/mm2 and 20 N/
that 1 > 2 > 3. If 0 denoted yield stress, then mm2, both tensile. What is the equivalent stress
accroding to the maximum shear stress theory in simple tension, according to the maximum
(a) 1 – 2  0 (b) 1 – 3  0 principal strain theory?
(Poisson's ratio = 0.25)
1  3 (a) Zero (b) 20 N/mm2
(c)  2 – 3  0 (d)  0
2 (c) 60 N/mm 2
(d) 75 N/mm2

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 1.28 Assistant Engineer
16. Maximum principal stress theory for the failure 18. A uniform rod of length l, cross-section area A
of a material at elastic limit is known as and modulus of elasticity E is held rigidly at
(a) Guest's-Tresca's theory both ends as shown in figure. An axial load P is
applied at mid-length of the rod. The elastic
(b) St.Venant's theory
strain energy stored in the rod is
(c) Rankine's theory
(d) Haigh's theory P

17. Which one of the following figures represents

the maximum shear stress theory or Tresca
criterion
1 1
 2/yp  2/yp 2 2

P2L P2 L
(a) 1/ yp (b) 1/ yp (a) (b)
2AE 16AE

P2L P2L
(c) (d)
4AE 8AE
2/yp 2/yp 19. For the design of a cast iron member, the most
appropriate theory of failure is
(a) Mohr's theory
(c) 1/yp (d)  1/ yp
(b) Rankine's theory
(c) Maximum stress theory
(d) Maximum shear energy theory

20. A simply supported beam of span L and flexural

rigidity EI, carries a unit point load at its centre.
The strain energy in the beam due to bending is

L3 L3
(a) (b)
48 EI 192 EI

L3 L3
(c) (d)
96 EI 16 EI

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 1.29 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
Chapter SPRINGS
11
1. The predominant effect of an axial tensile force 8. The close-coiled spring shown in figure–I is cut
on a helical spring is into two equal pieces which are combined to
(a) Compression (b) Twisting form a parallel spring as shown in figure-II. The
(c) Bending (d) Tension ratio of the angular twist for the spring in figur-
II to that of spring in figure-I due to an axial
2. The equivalent stiffness of two springs of stiffness load P is
S1 and S2 joined in series is given by S =
Figure-I Figure-II
(a) S1S2/(S1 + S2) (b) (S1/S2)/(S1 + S2)
(c) S 1 + S 2 (d) S 1 S 2
3. The stiffness of a spring is
K K
(a) Load per coil of the spring
(b) Load required to produce unit deflection
(c) Load required to compress the spring up to
shearing proportional limit
(d) Tthe load required for breaking the spring P
a a
4. Pick the correct statement about the maximum P
bending stress in the various leafs of a laminated (a) 1/2 (b) 1/4
spring, assuming it has been designed ideally (c) 1/8 (d) 1
(a) It increases uniformly from the shortest leaf
to the longest leaf 9. What is the equivalent spring stiffness for the
(b) It is largest in the longest leaf system of spring shown in the figure given
below?
(c) It is largest in the shortest leaf
(d) It is same in all leafs
5. A closed-coil helical spring is subjected to a
torque about its axis. The spring wire would
10 kN/m
experience a
(a) Bending stress 20 kN/m 30 kN/m
(b) Direct tensile stress of uniform intensity at
its cross section 40 kN/m
(c) Direct shear stress
(d) Tosional shearing stress
6. The greatest load which a spring can carry
without getting permanently distorted is called 10 kN
(a) Stiffness (b) Proof resilience 1m 1m
(c) Proof stress (d) Proof load (a) 43 kN/m (b) 50 kN/m
7. A close-coiled helical spring with n coils, mean (c) 58 kN/m (d) 64kN/m
radius R and diameter 'd' is subjected to an axial 10. When three springs are in series, stiffness of the
load W. What is the compression in spring? composite spring is a
1 1 1 1
64 WR 3 n 64 WR 3 n (a) S  S  S  S
(a) (b)
Cd 3 Cd 4 1 2 3

(b) S = S1 + S2 + S3
32 WR 3 n 32 WR 3 n (c) Any one of the above
(c) (d)
Cd 3 Cd 4 (d) None of the above

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 1.30 Assistant Engineer
Chapter THEORY OF STRUCTURE
12
1. A guided support as shown in the figure below 4. What is the degree of static indeterminacy of
is represented by three springs (horizontal, the frame shown in the figure given below?
vertical and rotational) with stiffness kx, ky and
k respectively. The limiting values of kx, ky and
k are

(a)  ,0,  (b)  ,  , 

(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 0, ,  (d)  ,  ,0 (c) 2 (d) Zero
2. Which of the beams given in the following figure 5. What is the total degree of static indeterminacy
is a determinate beam? (both internal and external) of the triangular
A B planar truss shown in the figure below?
(a)

(b) A B

(c) A B

C B
(d) A

3. Which one among the following is the correct

free body diagram for a portal frame shown in
Figure given below?
P (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6

6. P

P P
(a) (b)
The portal frame shown in the above figure is
statically indeterminate to the
P
P (a) First degree
(c) (d) (b) Second degree
(c) Third degree
(d) None of the above

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 1.31 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
7. For the rigid frame shown in figure the statical 11. Identify the correct deflection diagram
indeterminancy is corresponding to the loading in the plane frame
shown below.
Hinge

(a) 8 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 14
(a) (b)
8. The simply supported beam shown in the figure
is

A  B

(c) (d)
l

(a) Determinate and stable

12. Considering beam as axially rigid, the degree
(b) Determinate and unstable
of freedom of a plane frame shown below is
(c) Indeterminate and stable F
(d) Indeterminate and unstable

9. The kinematic indeterminacy of the frame is

B C
Hinge
y
(a) 9 (b) 8
A x (c) 7 (d) 6
D
13. The force in member AC of the truss shown in
figure is
5t E
(a) 4 (b) 6 D F
4t
(c) 8 (d) 10

10. The kinematic indeterminacy of the beam is

3m
Hinge
1 2 3 4
A B
C

3m 3m
(a) 5 (b) 9 (a) 5t tension (b) 4t compression
(c) 14 (d) 15 (c) 4t tension (d) 5t compression

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 1.32 Assistant Engineer
18. What is the influence line diagram, for reaction
14. at support B in the beam AB as shown in the
figure below.

Hinge 3m
A B
4.5m
In the plane truss shown above, how many
members have zero force?
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 7 (d) 9
(a)
15. In a truss work as shown in the figure, what is
the force induced in the member DE? 1
50 kN (b)

C D
(c) 1

1
(d)
4.5 m 3m

B
E
19. Which one of the following diagrams
corresponds to the influence line diagram for
(a) 50 kN (tensile) (b) Zero moment at A of the beam shown below in the
(c) 50 kN (compressive) (d) 25 kN (compressive) figure?
16. Three equally inclined members of a plane frame
having tensile forces P 1, P2 and p3 respectively
A D E B C
are joined at a point. The relationship between
P1, P2 and P3 will be: Hinge

(a) P2  0 and P2  P1
L L L 2L
(b) P2  P1 andP3  0

3 3
(c) P2  and P3  P1 L
2 2 (a)
A D E B C
(d) P2  P1 and P3  P1
17. What is the force in the member CE of a
cantilever truss shown in the adjoining figure? L L B C
(b) A
A E D D E 2L
1.5 m

L L B
(c)
A D E C
C
1.5 m

1.5L

L L B C
(d)
A D E
B 2L
(a) P(tensile) (b) P(compression)
(c) 2P(tensile (d) Zero

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 1.33 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
20. For the fixed beam shown in the figure, the 24. A beam fixed at one end and simply supported
influence line diagram for the bending moment at the other end is carrying uniformly
at the mid-span of the beam is best represented distribtued load of intensity 'w' throughout the
as span L. Then reaction at simply supported end
A B C + is
– 5 3
(a) wL (b) wL
L/2 L/2 8 8
A B C 8 3
(c) wL (d) wL
(a) 5 2
+ 1/8
M0
A B C 25.
(b) L P
+ 1/8 A propped cantilever is acted upon by a moment
M 0 at the propped end. What is the prop
reaction?
1/8 – B – 1/8 0.5 M 0 M0
(c) A C (a) (b)
1/8 + L L
1.5 M 0 2.0 M 0
(c) (d)
L L
1/8 + B + 1/8
(d) A C 26. In the cantilever beam shown in the given
1/8 –
figure, 2 is the deflection under X due to load
21. The maximum bending moment due to single W1 Y and 1 is the deflection under Y due to
moving point load on a simply supported beam
1
occurs at load W2 at X. The ratio of is
(a) Quarter span 2
(b) Mid span W2
W1
(c) Anywhere in the beam
(d) A section under the load X Y X Y
2
22. A live load 20 kN/m, 6 m long, moves on a
simply supported girder AB 12 m long. For 1
maximum bending moment to occur at 4 m from
W1 W2
left end A, where will the head of load be, as (a) W (b) W  W
measured from A? 2 1 2

(a) 4 m (b) 6 m W2 W1
(c) 8 m (d) 10 m (c) W (d) W  W
1 1 2
23. Identify from the following, the correct values
of the bending moment MA (in kNm unit) at the 27. An elastic uniform bar of length L and cross-
fixed end A in the statically determinate beam sectional area A is subjected, within its elastic
shown below (with internal hinges at B and D), limit, to a rapidly applied tensile force increasing
when a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m from zero to a final value P. What is the final
is placed on all spans. strain energy stored in the bar after vibrations
have ceased? (E is the modulus of elasticity of
A B C D E
the bar material.)
2P 2 L P2L
(a) (b)
AE AE
2m 2m 2m 2m P2 L P2 L
(a) – 80 (b) – 40 (c) (d)
(c) 0 (d) + 40 4AE 2AE

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 1.34 Assistant Engineer
31. For the rigid frame shown in the figure below,
the force required for moving the girder AB
28. A B
through a horizontal displacement  is given
l
by
EI
Due to settlement of support at A of propped
cantilever shown in the figure given above, what A B
is the vertical reaction at B? P I
12EI 6EI
(a) (b)
l3 l3
4EI 3EI L EI EI
(c) (d)
l3 l3
29. What is the shear equation in slope deflection
method for the portal frame shown below?

B C
P
6E I  8E I 
(a) (b)
L3 L3
L
9E I  15E I 
(c) (d)
L3 L3

A D 32. Rotational stiffness conefficient K11 for the frame

having two members of equal EI/I is given by:
L

Hinged
M AB  M BA M CD  M DC
(a)  P  0 A
L L
M AB  M BA M BC  M CB
(b)  P  0 EI1I
L L
K11
M BC  M CB M CD  M DC
(c)  P  0 C
L L
EI1I
M  M CB
(d) BC P 0 B
L Fixed
30. For the beam AB shown in the figure, the fixed
end moments at ends A and B will be
respectively. 5EI 6EI
(a) (b)
l l
5 kN 1.2 kN/m
7EI 8EI
(c) (d)
A l l
B C
33. If a moment is applied to the hinged end of a
3m 2m 5m prismatic propped cantilever, then the moment
(a) –3.6 kN-m and + 1.1 kN-m at the fixed end will be
(b) –5.4 kN-m and +4.6 kN-m (a) M (b) M/2
(c) –2.4 kN-m and +3.6 kN-m
(d) –3.6 kN-m and +6 kN-m (c) M/3 (d) M/4

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 1.35 Strength of Material & Theory of Structure
34. The distribution factors for members CB, CD 36. The given figure shows a frame loaded with a
and CG for the frame shown in the figure (EI single concentrated load P. The fixed-end
constant) will be respectively. moment developed at support A will be

10 kN B
4m C
B D Rigid joint
8m 4m L EI
5m
A L D L
7m A
EI EI
G L EI
P

(a) 0.24, 0.28 and 0.48 (b) 0.24, 0.48 and 0.28 C
(c) 0.48, 0.24 and 0.28 (d) 0.28, 0.48 and 0.24
PL PL
35. For the rigid frame shown below, what is the (a) (b)
8 6
moment reaction at A?
PL PL
(c) (d)
3m 4 3

40 kN-m 37. The equation of a three hinged parabolic arch

C
I  x2 
with origin at its left support is y  x   48  . The
B  
4m

span of the arch is 48m. The arch is carrying a

I uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m over left
half of the span. The horizontal reaction at the
support.
A (a) 240 kN (b) 360 kN
(c) 300 kN (d) 383.41 kN

(a) 5 kN-m (b) 10 kN-m 38. A three hinged parabolic arch ABC has a span
of 20 m and a central rise of 4 m. The arch has
(c) 12.33 kN-m (d) 15 kN-m
hinges at the ends and at the centre. A train of
two point loads of 20 kN and 10 kN, 5m apart,
crosses this arch from left to right, with 20 kN
load leading. The maximum thrust induced at
the supports is
(a) 25.00 kN (b) 28.13 kN
(c) 31.25 kN (d) 32.81 kN

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1.36 Assistant Engineer
ROUGH WORK

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