CULTURAL SANCTUARY- REVITALIZING CULTURE

OF KHANDESH
Project-II Thesis submitted to
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
In fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Architecture
by

Krupali Shambhu Sonawane

BA20ARC050

Under the guidance of

Prof. Rakesh Parmar

Department of Architecture & Planning

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
Nagpur-440010, India

May 2025
CULTURAL SANCTUARY- REVITALIZING CULTURE OF
KHANDESH
Project-II Thesis report submitted to
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
In fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Architecture
by

Krupali Shambhu Sonawane

BA20ARC050

Under the guidance of

Prof. Rakesh Parmar

Department of Architecture & Planning

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
Nagpur-440010, India
May 2025
© Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT
 Department of Architecture
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

DECLARATION

I, Krupali Shambhu Sonawane, hereby declare that this project work titled
“CULTURAL SANCTUARY- REVITALIZING CULTURE OF KHANDESH” is
carried out by me in the Department of Architecture of Visvesvaraya National Institute of
Technology, Nagpur. The work is original and has not been submitted earlier, whole or in part, for
the award of any degree/diploma at this or any other Institution / University.

Krupali Shambhu Sonawane

BA20ARC050

Date: 05.05.2025
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project titled “CULTURAL SANCTUARY- REVITALIZING

CULTURE OF KHANDESH”, submitted by Krupali Shambhu Sonawane in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture, VNIT
Nagpur. The work is comprehensive, complete, and fit for final evaluation.

Prof. Rakesh Parmar

Professor, Department of Architecture &
Planning,
VNIT, Nagpur

Dr. Sameer Deshkar

Head Department of Architecture & Planning,
VNIT, Nagpur
Date: 05.05.2025
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me prepare this architectural
dissertation. I am thankful to my guide, Prof. Rakesh Parmar whose timely guidance and
understanding helped me in working out this thesis. I would also like to thank panel review
members Dr. Chandra Sabnani, Dr. Meenal Surawar, Dr. Pankaj Verma and Dr. Shilpi C. for their
inputs.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents Mr. Shambhu Sonawane , Mrs. Gargi
Sonawane and all the family members for their persistent support.

I would also like to thank my friends and mentors for their unconditional support and love.
6|P age
Table of Contents

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3
CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.1 Topic - ................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2 Broad typology of thesis- .............................................................................................................................................. 12
1.3 Aim- ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.4 Prolong justification of topic- ...................................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.1 Background- ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.2 Context- ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.3 Justification- ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.4.5 Scope- ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2. Literature Study- ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1 Geographical and Demographic Background ......................................................................................................... 16
2.2 Dependence on Agriculture Economically .............................................................................................................. 17
2.3 Cultural Diversity and Tribal Influence.................................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Threats to Cultural Heritage ......................................................................................................................................... 18
2.5 Importance of Preservation........................................................................................................................................... 19
2.6 Strategies for Conservation .......................................................................................................................................... 19
3. Case Study- .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Gandhi Teerth, Jalgaon .................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.1.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS- ............................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2 ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES- ................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.3 Inferences: - .............................................................................................................................................................. 24
3.2 Dakshinchitra, Chennai- ................................................................................................................................................ 25
3.2.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS- ............................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 CONCEPT: ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.2.3 KEY FEATURES: .................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.2.3 Inferences: ................................................................................................................................................................. 29
3.3 Shilparamam, Hyderabad- ............................................................................................................................................ 30
3.3.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS- ............................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.2 ADAPTATION FOR KHANDESH VERNACULAR STUDIES- ........................................................ 33
3.3.3 Purpose: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.4 Inferences: ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
3.4 Third Space Cultural and Learning Centre, Hyderabad-..................................................................................... 36
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 3.4.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS- ............................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.2 Vernacular Influence .............................................................................................................................................. 39
3.4.3 Sustainability and Contextual Design Climate-............................................................................................. 39
3.4.4 Inferences................................................................................................................................................................... 41
4. Site Analysis- ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42
4.1 LOCATION: Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. ........................................................................................................... 42
4.2 AREA: 8 acers .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
4.2.1 BY LAWS: ................................................................................................................................................................ 42
4.3 Site selection criteria ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.1 Map Of Jalgaon........................................................................................................................................................ 44
4.4 Accessibility ...................................................................................................................................................................... 45
4.5 Site Layers ......................................................................................................................................................................... 45
4.6 Slope Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................. 46
4.7 Climate Analysis.............................................................................................................................................................. 46
4.7 SWOT Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................... 48
5. Concept ................................................................................................................................................................................. 50
6. User Group Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................ 53
[Link] Statement........................................................................................................................................................................ 55
[Link] ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
8.1 Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 57
8.2 Bubble diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 58
8.3 Detailed Zoning................................................................................................................................................................ 59
[Link] .................................................................................................................................................................................... 69

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Table of Figures
Figure 1- Cultural Exchange Figure 2- Community engagement .............. 14
Figure 3- Survival of culture in the modern world Figure 4- Bridging the gap between urban &
rural communities ............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 5-User Group ......................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 6- Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 7- Khandesh Map .................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 8- Distribution of Bhil Tribe ................................................................................................. 17
Figure 9- Tribal Population .............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 10- Culture of Khandesh ....................................................................................................... 18
Figure 11- Gandhi Teerth ................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 12- Axial Planning ................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 13- Site plan .......................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 14- Vernacular Influence Figure 15-Sustainable design ..................................... 23
Figure 16- Transition Space Figure 17- Semi-open space ............... 23
Figure 18- Entrance of Gandhi Teerth Figure 19-Harmony with the structure 23
Figure 20- Exhibition hall................................................................................................................. 24
Figure 21- Dakshinchitra .................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 22- Site plan .......................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 23- House Trail Figure 24- Buit, Unbuilt Figure 25- Active
Passive zone...................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 26- Concept ........................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 27- Market Area Figure 28- Tamil Nadu
Houses .............................................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 29- Vernacular material Figure 30- Traditional Roof Figure 31- Canteen .. 28
Figure 32- Guest house courtyard Figure 33- Entrance Lobby of Dakshinchitra ................... 29
Figure 34- Shilparamam ................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 35- Master plan ..................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 36- Site plan .......................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 37- Zoning Figure 38- Active Passive zone .................. 33
Figure 39- Circulation ...................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 40- Main Entrance Figure 41- .............................................. 35
Figure 42- Rural Museum Figure 43- Market Area ............... 35
Figure 44- Seating Space inspired by traditional architecture Figure 45- OAT ......................... 35
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Figure 46- Third space cultural and learning center ......................................................................... 36
Figure 47- Woven Bamboo Canopy ................................................................................................. 37
Figure 48- Workshop space .............................................................................................................. 37
Figure 49- Floor plan ........................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 50- Section ............................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 51- Jharokha Figure 52- Jali screen ............................... 39
Figure 53- Traditional Step well Figure 54- Courtyard ..................... 39
Figure 55- Marble Screen Facade ..................................................................................................... 40
Figure 56- Roof of Third space cultural and learning center .......................................................... 41
Figure 57- Site .................................................................................................................................. 43
Figure 58- Map of Jalgaon................................................................................................................ 44
Figure 59- Transit Map ..................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 60- Built Non- Built Analysis Figure 61- Vegetation Area Analysis ... 45
Figure 62- Building Height Figure 63- Road Analysis ...................... 45
Figure 64- Site Slope ........................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 65- Wind Rose....................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 66- Temperature .................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 67- Sun path .......................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 68- Bhil Culture..................................................................................................................... 50
Figure 69- Concept ........................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 70- Pithora Art....................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 71- Story Telling & Cultural narrative .................................................................................. 52
Figure 72- Pola Figure 73- Balgandharva Sangeet
Mohotsav .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 74- Muktabai Fair Figure 75- Rathtatra .......................... 54
Figure 76- Chandeo Fair ................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 77- Built Unbuilt percentage ................................................................................................. 56
Figure 78- Percentage of Zones ........................................................................................................ 56
Figure 79- Zoning ............................................................................................................................. 57
Figure 80- Bubble Diagram .............................................................................................................. 58
Figure 81- Detailed Zoning .............................................................................................................. 59

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 1. Introduction
1.1 Topic -
CULTURAL SANCTUARY- REVITALIZING CULTURE OF KHANDESH

1.2 Broad typology of thesis-

The thesis will focus on preservation, promotion and engagement. It will emphasize on
showcasing traditional art and history; fostering innovation in cultural engagement; creating
interactive spaces. Each typology balances functionality with cultural and architectural
identity.

1.3 Aim-
To apprise the culture of Khandesh by creating a space where culture, art and craft is
promoted through an experiential space where one can connect to the region's culture,
exhibiting its vernacular architecture and its contemporary interpretation.

1.4 Prolong justification of topic-

1.4.1 Background-
Culture serves as a cornerstone of the society reflecting its way of life, traditions, language,
art, and heritage. India is a huge country with diverse culture, people and art. As we go north
to south or east to west, we can find hundreds of different cultures and practices, but many
cultures are unknown to the world. Safeguarding this rich culture is very important as they
face the threat of decline due to modernization and changing social dynamics.
Khandesh is a region located in the northwest of Maharashtra. Jalgaon, Dhule and
Nandurbar are the three districts that come under this region. It has a significant tribal
population, approximately 48.37% of the total population. These communities are
predominantly engaged in activities farming, arts and craft. Their primary languages are
Ahirani and Marathi. The region’s cultural fabric is heavily influenced by tribal traditions,
particularly from those of a Bhil tribe. Khandesh celebrates various traditional festivals

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which includes traditional dance, folk songs, community feasts; it's a medium of community
bonding, transfers traditional knowledge, beliefs and practices across generations. However,
due to urbanization and lack of awareness we need immediate action to preserve and
promote our traditional culture.
The declining state of traditional culture of Khandesh, demands proactive measures to
ensure survival, so by involving local communities we can enlighten people about the
beautiful and vibrant culture of Khandesh by creating a cultural sanctuary which will
showcase the rich culture and different activities involved in it.

1.4.2 Context-
The proposed cultural centre in Khandesh, Maharashtra, seeks to preserve and promote the
unique culture and identity which is rooted in its rich cultural and agricultural heritage and
one of the largest producers of Banana and also known for its traditional arts and crafts
culture like Warli painting, bamboo craftsmanship, and handloom weaving. Centre will act
as a dynamic place to represent and showcase the culture by performances, exhibitions,
workshops, experiential spaces and interactive zones that will highlight both cultural artistry
and agricultural excellence. Through these we can blend education and tourism which will
enlighten locals and visitors to the rich culture of Khandesh. Designing a cultural centre will
serve a platform to many people like farmers, artisan’s community, tribal people where they
can showcase their art. It will promote agro tourism, local art, handicraft. It will also develop
economic development by increasing tourism, study of culture, etc. By engaging local
stakeholders and leveraging the region’s resources, the centre will create an inclusive and
thriving space that celebrates the essence of Khandesh while paving the way for its future
growth.

1.4.3 Justification-
A cultural centre in Khandesh will provide a platform to showcase the traditional culture, art
and craft and different farming techniques. As Khandesh is a home for various tribal
communities building a cultural centre would help them express their identity, conduct
research and promote cultural exchange. It will promote community engagement, education,
tourism etc. and also boost the local economy and create employment. It will also bridge the

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gap between urban and rural communities supporting tribal representation and fostering
local cohesion. As globalization spreads, local cultures risk being overshadowed, a cultural
centre will serve as a sanctuary for the region’s traditional practices and their culture,
ensuring their survival in this modern world.

[Link]-
· To bridge a gap between urban and rural communities and spread the knowledge about
ancient traditions by analysing the vernacular architecture of Khandesh, focusing on spatial
organization, climatic adaptation & sustainability.
· To promote local art and craft and to create a platform where it can be showcased and also
sell. Especially tribal people who are unknown will get a platform to showcase their art and
craft and their innovative farming techniques.
· To provide a community engagement space where people can exchange their knowledge.
· To integrate modern architecture with sustainability principles with traditional vernacular
practices and locally sourced material.

Figure 1- Cultural Exchange Figure 2- Community engagement

Figure 3- Survival of culture in the modern world Figure 4- Bridging the gap between urban & rural communities

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1.4.5 Scope-
-Infrastructure development by constructing dedicated spaces for exhibition, workshops and
performances and integrating innovative technology like virtual tour, digital exhibit, etc.
-Designing a space which will attract tourists and help marketing local goods which will
provide employment to local and tribal communities.
-Provide space where people could celebrate cultural festivals and which will help unite
people and spread knowledge about traditional culture.

Figure 5-User Group

1.4.6 Limitations-
-Maintaining cultural authenticity while integrating modern technology and elements would
be challenging.
-In the early stage it might be difficult to attract tourists because of lack of awareness about
the culture.
-As area is very limited, the project won’t be able to cater large no. of people or multiple
functions at a time.

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1.4.7 Methodology-

Figure 6- Methodology

2. Literature Study-
2.1 Geographical and Demographic Background
Khandesh is a culturally diverse area in the north of Maharashtra, which includes Jalgaon,
Dhule, and Nandurbar districts. It is inhabited by a major tribal population, with around
48.37% of the population belonging to indigenous groups. This population structure lends
the area its unique social and cultural hue.

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Figure 7- Khandesh Map

Figure 8- Distribution of Bhil Tribe

2.2 Dependence on Agriculture Economically

The economy of Khandesh is agriculturally based, with almost 60% of the financial flow of
the district depending on farm income. Natural factors like floods, drought, and low rainfall
often impact agricultural production, rendering the economy of the region extremely
sensitive to climatic fluctuations and natural disasters.

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Figure 9- Tribal Population

2.3 Cultural Diversity and Tribal Influence

Mirroring India's broader mosaic of traditions, Khandesh's cultural heritage is heavily
imbued with its tribal traditions, mostly that of the Bhil tribe. The Bhil people have stamped
their presence on the region's traditions, festivals, folklore, architecture, music, and art, and
in large measure have contributed to its rich and multifarious cultural identity.

2.4 Threats to Cultural Heritage

Although the vibrancy of the traditional culture of Khandesh, its traditional culture is
threatened by a rising tide of modernization and changing socio-economic trends. Growing
urbanization, the impact of modern lifestyles, and migration of the youth population have
resulted in a steady decline in the practice and passing down of traditional customs and
knowledge.

Figure 10- Culture of Khandesh

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2.5 Importance of Preservation
Protection of the tribal culture, particularly that of the Bhil community, is important for the
preservation of the region's social and historical fabric. Preservation of these traditions
ensures community pride, identity, and continuity over generations. It also offers the
potential for encouraging sustainable tourism and generating economic opportunities based
on cultural heritage.

2.6 Strategies for Conservation

Efforts toward conservation of the cultural heritage of Khandesh must include enhancing
tribal arts, crafts, music, and celebrations through committed cultural institutions and public
programs. Education efforts towards transmitting traditional wisdom to new generations and
promoting sustainable livelihoods founded upon local traditions must be integral in ensuring
that Khandesh's rich cultural legacy is maintained and promoted.

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 3. Case Study-

3.1 Gandhi Teerth, Jalgaon

Figure 11- Gandhi Teerth

LOCATION: Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.

AREA: 3.5 acres
ARCHITECT: Ratan J. Batliboi.
BUILT: 2012.
PURPOSE: Museum, library, auditorium, and research centre on Gandhian thought.
CLIENT: Jalgaon Jain Group.

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3.1.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS-
Gandhi teerth is an example of vernacular architecture and how the ancient elements and
indigenous material can be combined with new sustainability measures.
Its passive cooling, use of natural materials, and local aesthetic appeal reflect the principles
of vernacular architecture as well as tackle modern requirements.

Figure 12- Axial Planning

Axial planning is used on one axis to produce a distinct, intentional spatial arrangement that
leads visitors through the site. This axis serves as the central spine, connecting major spaces
like the exhibition hall, library, auditorium, and meditation spaces in a linear sequence. Then
alignment of the spaces along this axis provides a harmonious movement, underlining the
central theme and function of the site without losing the sense of connection between the
built area and the landscape around it. The single-axis planning expresses both functional
efficiency as well as a symbolic correspondence to the ideals of simplicity and clarity.

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Figure 13- Site plan

3.1.2 ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES-

Sustainable design-Climate responsive features. Local materials used. Rainwater harvesting.
Energy efficiency. Vernacular influence-Minimalistic functional design. Courtyards. Shaded
walkways. Social interaction spaces. Modern technology influence-State of the art
technology Interactive exhibits. Preservation of Artifacts & manuscripts. Advance
temperature control system.

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Figure 14- Vernacular Influence Figure 15-Sustainable design

Vernacular architecture is employed to establish a strong bond with the local culture and
environment. The architecture employs local building materials such as stone, clay, and
wood, which are locally sourced and climate-friendly. The architectural forms, including
courtyards and sloping roofs, are derived from regional styles, encouraging natural
ventilation and cooling. The incorporation of these local elements not only maintains local
heritage but also increases the building's sustainability, echoing Mahatma Gandhi's values of
simplicity, sustainability, and harmony with nature.

Figure 16- Transition Space Figure 17- Semi-open space

Figure 18- Entrance of Gandhi Teerth Figure 19-Harmony with the structure

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Figure 20- Exhibition hall

3.1.3 Inferences: -
-Locally occurring materials such as Basalt stone and lime are employed. This is consistent
with Khandesh's traditional method of construction.
-It includes passive cooling methods, e.g., thick walls, courtyard & shaded corridors drawing
inspiration from local building traditions.
-Harmonizes with natural topography, honouring the natural topography & terrain.
-Influenced by the customary village design, the complex has community meeting space,
walkways that promote interaction.
-Reflects sustainability through water harvesting mechanisms, energy efficient building, &
low material wastage. No breakout spaces to long walk.

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3.2 Dakshinchitra, Chennai-

Figure 21- Dakshinchitra

Location: Mutukadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Area: 5 acres
Built: 1996.
Purpose: Preserve and promote the rich architectural and cultural heritage of South India
Client: Telangana State Government

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3.2.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS-
Conservation of Folk Architecture – Emphasizes the significance of recording and
preserving Bhil houses such as Dakshinachitra conserves South Indian houses.
Sustainable Building Practices – Demonstrates local materials and passive design
techniques, such as Bhil mud, bamboo, and thatch construction.
Climate-Responsive Design – Characteristics such as courtyards, sloping roofs, and thick
walls provide clues to the adaptation of Bhil architecture to Khandesh's climate.
Cultural Identity & Architecture – Reinforces why tribal architecture serves to express
tradition, supporting your research into Bhil homes as cultural statements.
Contemporary Application – Illustrates how vernacular principles can drive sustainable,
environment-friendly housing schemes for Bhil communities.

Figure 22- Site plan

Figure 23- House Trail Figure 24- Buit, Unbuilt Figure 25- Active Passive zone

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3.2.2 CONCEPT:
Dakshinchitra is a living museum of South Indian heritage located near Chennai, Tamil
Nadu. It is a cultural and architectural repository showcasing vernacular houses, crafts, and
traditions of various South Indian states. Set up by the Madras Craft Foundation, the
museum seeks to conserve, record, and showcase traditional lifestyles and architecture.
There is no living museum like Dakshinachitra in the world, where traditional houses are
moved, reconstructed, and conserved. It offers an interactive facility, where visitors can
interact with traditional crafts, artisans, and performance.

Figure 26- Concept

3.2.3 KEY FEATURES:

Tamil Nadu Houses
Chettinad House: Has elaborate woodwork, central courtyards, and tile flooring with fine
details. Constructed using lime mortar and insulating laterite stone.
Agrarian Tamil House: Undecorated plan with central courtyard, sloping roofs with low
heights, and mud walls.
B. Kerala Houses
Nalukettu House: Classic Kerala house with a quadrangular courtyard. Wood beams, sloping
roofs, and red oxide floors aid climate adjustment.
C. Karnataka Houses

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Mud and Brick Houses of North Karnataka: Compressed earth block construction with
thatched roofing for thermal comfort.
D. Andhra Pradesh Houses
Weaver's House: Designed for handloom weaving, with expansive verandas and shaded
working spaces.

Figure 27- Market Area Figure 28- Tamil Nadu Houses

Figure 29- Vernacular material Figure 30- Traditional Roof Figure 31- Canteen

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Figure 32- Guest house courtyard Figure 33- Entrance Lobby of Dakshinchitra

3.2.3 Inferences:
Vernacular Architecture is Sustainable: The utilization of locally available materials and
traditional construction methods guarantees environmental sustainability through a decrease
in carbon footprint and an encouragement of passive design approaches.
Cultural Heritage Can Be Preserved by Adaptive Reuse: By demolishing and reassembling
traditional homes, Dakshinachitra shows how historic buildings can be preserved while
making them accessible for tourism and education.
Classic Design Parameters Improve Climate Responsive: Elements such as veranda’s,
sloping rooflines, and natural ventilation principles illustrate how the native building art is
well-designed to meet existing climatic realities.
Heritage Preservation Promotes Livelihood and Tourism: Not just architecture, museums
preserve livelihood also by generating the employment opportunities for artisans,
performers, and craftsmen, exhibiting how the conservation of culture drives economic
growth.
Local Architectural Diversity Embodies Socio-Cultural Identity: The homes at
Dakshinachitra underscore the distinctive spatial organisation, workmanship, and materials
employed by various communities, affirming the belief that culture and way of life are
inextricably linked to architecture.

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3.3 Shilparamam, Hyderabad-

Figure 34- Shilparamam

Location: Madhapur, Hyderabad, Telangana.

Area: 65 acres
Built: 1992.
Purpose: Cultural and arts centre for showcasing
Indian handicrafts, art, and traditions.
Client: Telangana State Government

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3.3.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS-
1. Eco-Sensitive Planning:
Zoning protects natural landscapes (like forests, rivers, and wetlands) by keeping them as
non-developable areas, maintaining ecological integrity.

2. Functional Efficiency: Zoning conserves resources by assigning similar activities and

separating conflicting ones, reducing wastage of resources and improving the energy
efficiency of settlements.

3. Cultural Sustainability:
Zoning maintains spaces for cultural activities, rituals, and group gatherings, allowing
cultural identities to evolve over a span of time.

4. Incorporation of Vernacular Layouts:

Integrating the traditional settlement patterns (e.g., clusters, courtyards, and alleys) into
zoning optimizes passive cooling and reduces energy demands in building design.

5. Incorporation of Cultural and Ecological Zones:

Zoning combines cultural landmarks with nature, facilitating a symbiotic relationship
between ecological conservation and community activities.

6. Sustainability Through Layouts

Thoughtfully designed layouts, evolved from local principles, create natural ventilation,
water management, and low-energy consumption.

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Figure 35- Master plan

Figure 36- Site plan

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 3.3.2 ADAPTATION FOR KHANDESH VERNACULAR
STUDIES-
Artisan Hubs: Just like Shilparamam's handicrafts area, Khandesh can repurpose traditional
spaces for local crafts such as weaving, pottery, or woodwork, promoting economic and
cultural sustainability.
Climate-Responsive Design: Natural ventilation and shade zoning, as observed in
Shilparamam, can improve thermal comfort in Khandesh's hot climate.
Community Engagement: Amphitheatre or open areas can be incorporated into Khandesh
settlements for social and cultural congregations.
Educational Areas: Workshops and demonstration spaces can facilitate knowledge transfer
and maintenance of customary crafts.

Figure 37- Zoning Figure 38- Active Passive zone

3.3.3 Purpose:
Shilparamam is a crafts village in Hyderabad created to conserve and showcase Indian arts
and culture by judicious segregation and zoning.

Functional Zoning:
The land is segregated into separate zones: Craft Bazaar (artisan stalls), Cultural Zone
(amphitheatre for shows), Recreational Zone (landscape gardens and sculptures), Food
Court, and Workshop/Demonstration Areas.

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Visitor Flow:
Simple paths, buffer areas, and the strategic location of activities provide ease of movement
for visitors with least disruption of noise and traffic.

Pedestrian Focus
Vehicular traffic is confined to the periphery, ensuring a secure, pedestrianized area.

Figure 39- Circulation

Sustainability Integration:
Materials sourced locally, open areas for natural ventilation, and water bodies are utilized
for cooling and visual appeal.

Service Management:
Separate service areas for waste disposal, utilities, and flexible areas facilitate effective
operations during festivals and events.

Cultural and Modern Balance:

Shilparamam's zoning is able to combine cultural conservation with modern functionality
and eco-friendly design principles.

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Figure 40- Main Entrance Figure 41-

Figure 42- Rural Museum Figure 43- Market Area

Figure 44- Seating Space inspired by traditional architecture Figure 45- OAT

3.3.4 Inferences:
Preservation of Vernacular Architecture: The architecture heavily has traditional Indian
building styles and materials and reflects a dedication to the preservation and promotion of
local heritage and craftsmanship.

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Integration with Nature: The design accommodates the natural landscape, using existing
trees, water bodies, and open spaces, demonstrating a sustainable and environmentally
friendly design approach.
Functional Zoning for Cultural Activities: Separation of the zones—e.g., craft bazaar,
amphitheatre, and workshops—allows effective space utilization while promoting the
experience of the visitor and accommodating multiple cultural activities.
Sustainability Through Design: Natural ventilation, locally available materials, and energy-
efficient planning are used to show a concentration on making an eco-friendly and self-
sustaining environment.
Interactive and Immersive Experience: The design layout, with its open courtyards, narrow
corridors, and live demonstrations, creates an interactive and immersive experience, inviting
people to interact with Indian culture and traditions.

3.4 Third Space Cultural and Learning Centre, Hyderabad-

Figure 46- Third space cultural and learning center

LOCATION: Udaipur, Rajasthan

AREA: 8 acres

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ARCHITECT: Studio Saar.
BUILT: 2023.
PURPOSE: Learning centre, Museum,
Performance space, Co-working space, Community gathering.

3.4.1 RELEVANCE TO THESIS-

1. Contemporary Innovation with Classical Architectural Elements:
The building incorporates local elements such as courtyards, shaded walkways, and natural
materials with contemporary construction techniques to produce spaces that are culturally
relevant but modern.

Figure 47- Woven Bamboo Canopy

2. Multiple Uses:
Various activities—social events, work meetings, performances, and workshops—are
supported in one space, enhancing user experiences and optimizing usage.

Figure 48- Workshop space

3. Adaptive Spaces:

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Zones are conceived to offer easy conversion for various purposes (such as a café becoming
an event space or a meeting room hosting exhibitions), facilitating active use during the day.
4. Christopher Alexander's A Pattern Language influence
The planning adheres to the principles of Alexander's work, fostering human-scale design,
natural navigation, and spaces that read natural and holistic.
5. Seamless Zoning for Functionality
Separate "Social," "Work," and "Cultural" areas are designed to accommodate particular
activities while keeping the flow smooth and intuitive, so each function runs smoothly
without disrupting the others.

Figure 49- Floor plan

Figure 50- Section

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3.4.2 Vernacular Influence
Materials: Locally sourced sandstone, lime plaster, and terracotta tiles are prominent,
reducing environmental impact and giving the structure a regional identity.
Design Elements: The use of Jaali screens and arched doorways reflects the traditional
architectural language of Rajasthan.
Craftsmanship: The interiors incorporate locally crafted furniture and decor, promoting
regional artisanship.

Figure 51- Jharokha Figure 52- Jali screen

3.4.3 Sustainability and Contextual Design Climate-

Adapted Architecture:
Courtyards and verandas with shading are employed to maximize natural ventilation,
minimizing the reliance on mechanical cooling.

Figure 53- Traditional Step well Figure 54- Courtyard

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Thermal Insulation:
Massive stone walls contribute substantial thermal mass, cooling the interior on summer
days and keeping it warm on cooler nights.
Microclimate Creation:
Water bodies and greenery incorporated within the structure reduce the ambient temperature
and enhance the aesthetic quality of the place.
Energy Efficiency:
The passive cooling design makes the building energy-efficient and climate-sensitive,
conforming to the semi-arid climate of Udaipur. Use of Local Resources:
Masonry walls utilize local waste marble rubble and lime mortar from surrounding mines,
reducing embodied carbon through transportation.
Material Innovation:
Marble dust, a waste product, replaces cement in concrete, creating a lighter surface that
reflects solar radiation more effectively.
Natural Light and Ventilation:
Light concrete assists in heat reflection, and enhances natural ventilation throughout the
building.

Figure 55- Marble Screen Facade

Collaborative Structural Design:

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The canopy of the building was co-designed with Webb Yates Engineers, guaranteeing
structural innovation and climatic responsiveness.
Earthquake Resilience:
Marble screens and façade components were specially tested for seismic resistance, which
added to the safety of the structure.
Low-Carbon Roofing Solution:
A woven bamboo canopy replaced aluminium, offering an eco-friendly, biodegradable, and
cost-effective shading solution.
Material Consciousness:
Bamboo was used specifically because of its low-carbon nature and natural biodegradability
compared to metals or synthetics.

Figure 56- Roof of Third space cultural and learning center

3.4.4 Inferences
Modern meets vernacular- The project combines classical architectural concepts with
contemporary functionality.

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Community-based design- Design illustrates that architecture promotes community
interaction and creativity.
In architecture local materials and passive design techniques are employed to attain harmony
between environmental obligations and cultural identity.
The structure honour’s the heritage of the city in presenting a modern reinterpretation of
vernacular architecture that does not overwhelm the traditional look.
Local practices, like the application of indigenous material and passive climate responsive
design, can be effortlessly incorporated into contemporary architecture to establish spaces
that are eco-friendly, locally contextual, and culturally meaningful.

4. Site Analysis-

4.1 LOCATION: Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.

4.2 AREA: 8 acers

4.2.1 BY LAWS:
FSI: 0.5
GROUND COVERAGE: 25%
SET BACK: 6M Front, 3M Side and Rear

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Figure 57- Site

4.3 Site selection criteria

Accessibility and Connectivity
The site is well-connected by road and public transport, ensuring easy access for tourists,
researchers, and locals. Its location in Jalgaon—a major city of Khandesh—makes it
reachable from regional and urban centers.
Proximity to Bhil Settlements
Being close to existing Bhil tribal communities ensures cultural relevance, facilitates
authentic representation, and encourages community involvement in the project.
Contextual Setting with Natural Landscape
The site faces the Landorkhori Forest Reserve, providing a natural backdrop that resembles
traditional Bhil village settings and supports an immersive architectural narrative.
Cultural and Geographical Relevance
Situated near the Satpura range, the site is geographically aligned with the natural

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environment historically inhabited by the Bhil tribe, reinforcing the project's cultural
integrity.
Potential for Sustainable Practices
The surrounding natural resources and landscape offer opportunities to use vernacular
materials and techniques, promoting sustainability in construction and operation.
Scope for Community Engagement and Education
The site’s setting supports the creation of an educational and cultural hub that can host
workshops, exhibitions, and interactions between the Bhil community and visitors.

4.3.1 Map Of Jalgaon

Figure 58- Map of Jalgaon

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4.4 Accessibility

Figure 59- Transit Map

4.5 Site Layers

Figure 60- Built Non- Built Analysis Figure 61- Vegetation Area Analysis

Figure 62- Building Height Figure 63- Road Analysis

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4.6 Slope Analysis

Figure 64- Site Slope

4.7 Climate Analysis

.
Figure 65- Wind Rose

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Figure 66- Temperature

Figure 67- Sun path

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Tropical Climate with Semi-Arid Characteristics
Jalgaon experiences a hot and dry tropical climate, with low to moderate humidity levels,
especially during summer and winter. This necessitates climate-responsive design elements
like shaded courtyards and high thermal mass materials.
Hot Summers (March to June)
Temperatures often rise above 40°C in peak summer months. Passive cooling strategies such
as ventilated roofs, thick walls, and shaded verandas are essential.
Moderate Monsoon (June to September)
Receives average annual rainfall of about 700–750 mm, mostly during the monsoon. Proper
site drainage, sloped roofing, and protection of building materials from moisture are key.
Mild Winters (November to February)
Winter temperatures range between 10°C to 25°C, providing a comfortable season. Natural
daylighting and thermal mass help maintain indoor comfort during cooler nights.
High Diurnal Temperature Variation
The difference between day and night temperatures is significant, especially in summer.
Building orientation and thermal insulation are critical to stabilize indoor conditions.
Predominantly Dry Winds
Hot and dry winds blow during the summer months. Strategic placement of windbreaks,
vegetation, and inward-facing courtyards can improve thermal comfort.
Solar Radiation and Orientation
The region receives high solar radiation throughout the year. North–south orientation, deep
overhangs, and shading devices are important for controlling heat gain while allowing
daylight.

4.7 SWOT Analysis

Strengths:
Cultural Applicability: Jalgaon's location in Khandesh positions it to best exhibit Bhil and
tribal heritage, according to local tradition.
Good Infrastructure: Well-networked by road, rail, and air; local materials such as basalt and
bamboo favour sustainable, cost-effective construction.

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Weaknesses:
Difficult Climate: Hot and dry weather conditions require high-tech passive cooling and
effective water management systems.
Infrastructure Constraints: Rural surroundings near Jalgaon might not have strong utilities
such as water, electricity, and tourism infrastructure.
Tourism Development: Growing interest in cultural and eco-tourism offers a platform to
market Bhil traditions and draw national and international tourists.
Government and Community Support: Tribal welfare programs and local involvement can
guarantee funding, employment, and authenticity in operations.
Threats:
Environmental Risks: Scarcity of water and possible droughts may increase operational
issues and maintenance expenses.
The Jalgaon, Maharashtra soil is primarily volcanic and alluvial, and is ideal for cotton,
wheat, and other crop cultivation. The fertility of the soil varies with its location and
distance from streams

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 5. Concept
Vanya Srijan: Wild creation, symbolizing nature- inspired art and living

Figure 68- Bhil Culture

This idea embodies the spirit of the Bhil tribe's peaceful coexistence with nature,
symbolizing their shift from living in deep forests to sustainable agriculture. Originating
from the core of the Satpura forest, the Bhil’s practice colourful art forms and traditional
agriculture, both of which are closely linked to their cultural heritage.
The illustration portrays this odyssey—beginning in the dense forest where their traditions
and art are born, proceeding to the villages where the arts flourish, and culminating in the
open fields where they farm sustainably. The easy flow here exemplifies their symbiosis
with the forest as a life source, where art, nature, and agriculture are distilled into a cohesive
way of living.

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Figure 69- Concept

Unique Dot Patterns (Pointillism): Bhil paintings are famous for their distinctive multi-
coloured dot patterns, which symbolize the unique style of every artist and look similar to
Aboriginal dot paintings.

Figure 70- Pithora Art

Vibrant Colours and Symbolism: Bright and bold colours such as red, yellow, blue, and
green predominate in Bhil paintings, which are frequently imbued with spiritual, cultural,
and natural symbolism.

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Nature and Wildlife Representations: Drawing inspiration from their strong relationship
with nature, Bhil artists often depict animals, birds, trees, and landscapes in their work.

Storytelling and Cultural Traditions: Bhil paintings are a form of visual storytelling,
portraying folklore, myths, ancestral practices, and ritualistic themes that document their
heritage.

Figure 71- Story Telling & Cultural narrative

Natural Materials Usage: Traditional Bhil artists use environment-friendly materials such as
clay, cow dung, and plant extracts, which reflect their eco-friendly lifestyle.
Community Involvement and Flexibility: Bhil painting is a shared cultural endeavour,
frequently developed as murals, and simultaneously transforming onto contemporary media
such as canvas and fabric without compromising its traditional character.
Settlement Clusters: Bhil villages are naturally developed in small clusters amidst dense
forests to maintain close-knit community living despite being in harmony with nature.
Satpura Mountain Habitat: The villages are located amidst the rolling landscape of the
Satpura mountain ranges, affording them protection and access to forest resources.
Forest-Centric Living: The Bhil tribe lives far within the forest, where they construct their
dwellings with materials found in the locality such as mud, bamboo, and thatch, becoming
an integral part of the setting.

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Integrated Farming Practices: Inside the forest, Bhil’s farm small plots of land with eco-
friendly methods, planting crops like maize, millets, and pulses and preserving ecological
balance.
Self-Sufficient Lifestyle: Their homes are such that they can sustain a self-reliant lifestyle
with traditional rainwater harvesting practices, animal rearing, and picking wild fruits and
herbs.
Artistic and Cultural Expression: The spaces in the villages are frequently decked with Bhil
art in the form of intricate dot work on walls, rejoicing over their harmony with nature,
practices, and age-old tales.

6. User Group Analysis

OCT- NOV
Shri Rama Rathotsava: A fair held in Jalgaon town during
the Hindu month of Kartik
Navaratri-Mahalaxmi: A fair held in Jalgaon town during
Navaratri
Changdeo fair: A fair held at the Changdeo temple,
which is about 6 kilometers northwest of Muktainagar
Mukatabai fair: A fair held in Kothali, in Muktainagar
tehsil during Magha.

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AUG
Harvest festivals
Bendur or Pola: An agricultural festival celebrated in
Maharashtra on the no moon day of Hindu month
Shravana.
JUNE
Rathyatra: A festival held in Jalgaon during the Hindu
month of Ashadha.

Figure 72- Pola Figure 73- Balgandharva Sangeet Mohotsav

Figure 74- Muktabai Fair Figure 75- Rathtatra

Figure 76- Chandeo Fair

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[Link] Statement

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TOTAL PLOT AREA- 8 ACERS
BUILT- UP- 3.45 ACERS
Figure 77- Built Unbuilt percentage

Figure 78- Percentage of Zones

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[Link]
8.1 Zoning

Figure 79- Zoning

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8.2 Bubble diagram

Figure 80- Bubble Diagram

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8.3 Detailed Zoning

Figure 81- Detailed Zoning

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[Link]
Wikipedia contributors. (2025a, March 19). Khandesh. Wikipedia.
[Link]

Jalgaon Climate, Weather by month, Average temperature (Maharashtra, India) - Weather

Spark. (n.d.). Weather Spark. [Link]
Jalgaon-Maharashtra-India-Year-Round

[Link] - History of Khandesh. (n.d.). [Link]

Lokusdesign. (2020, July 29). Museum Design for Gandhi Research Foundation [Slide
show]. SlideShare. [Link]
research-foundation/237362725

Gandhi Teerth, Jalgaon | A. Mridul Architect. (n.d.). A. Mridul Architect.

[Link]

Michellesahay. (2015, June 23). Dakshin chitra Chennai [Slide show]. SlideShare.
[Link]

Belapurkar, D. a. 0. S. (n.d.). DAKSHINCHITRA, CHENNAI. Scribd.

[Link]

Mrudulyn, H. (n.d.). Shilparamam, Hyderabad. Scribd.

[Link]

Narasimham Associates. (n.d.). Welcome to Narasimham Associates - architectural firms in

Hyderabad. [Link]

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Abdel, H. (2024, June 28). Third space Cultural and Learning Center / Studio SAAR.
ArchDaily. [Link]
studio-saar

K, S. L. (n.d.). Third Space a community learning hub in Udaipur. Scribd.

[Link]
in-Udaipu

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saar-udaipur-rajasthan-india/

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