10/24/25, 1:08 PM Exercise 2: Train and use an object detection model How can I print an exercise to PDF format?

Exercise 2: Train and use an object detection model

How can I print an exercise to PDF format?

Software requirements
· ArcGIS Pro 3.5.x (latest release)
· ArcGIS Pro Advanced license
· Image Analyst license

Technical note
All deep learning geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS Pro require that the supported deep learning frameworks libraries be installed.

Introduction
ArcGIS provides various ways in which you can complete a deep learning analysis. You can use the geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS Pro or use ArcGIS
API for Python to complete the analysis by using code. The method that you choose depends on the analysis environment that you prefer. In this
exercise, you will learn how to train a model with geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS Pro to detect swimming pools in a defined area.

Note: The exercises in this course include View Result links. Click these links to confirm that your
results match what is expected.

Estimated completion time in minutes: Approximately 60 minutes

Expand all steps Collapse all steps

- Step 1: Confirm or install deep learning libraries

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To prepare your system for deep learning in ArcGIS Pro, you will verify that the correct deep learning Python libraries are installed. In this step,
you will check your ArcGIS Pro installed packages for the deep-learning-essentials library. If this library is not installed, you will follow
instructions to complete the installation.

a Start ArcGIS Pro, if necessary.

b Go to the Start page and, on the left side, click Settings.

- Hint

If you already have a project open, you will not see the Start page. Instead, from the ribbon, click Project.

c From the Settings menu, on the left side, click the Package Manager tab.

This view shows all your installed packages and libraries in the default arcgispro-py3 conda environment.

d From the Installed tab, in the Search field, type deep learning.

If any installed libraries have a deep learning tag, the list will update to show these libraries. You will now confirm whether the deep-learning-
essentials package is installed and up to date.

Note: If you have multiple Python environments, you will need to change ArcGIS Pro back to the
default arcgispro-py3 conda environment for the deep learning package to appear in the list
of installed libraries.

e Review the installed libraries search results, comparing to the following graphic.

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The deep-learning-essentials package may or may not appear in your search results. This package is required to run deep learning tools in
ArcGIS Pro and needs to match the ArcGIS Pro release that is installed. In this case, you are using ArcGIS Pro 3.5, and the deep-learning-
essentials package version is 3.5.

Note: The size of this deep learning libraries package is several gigabytes.

f Based on your results, proceed to the corresponding step:

· If the deep-learning-essentials package is in your installed list and the package version matches your release of ArcGIS Pro,
proceed to the next step, Train the model using a geoprocessing tool.

· If the deep-learning-essentials package does not appear in the installed list results, or if the package version does not match your
release of ArcGIS Pro, continue with this step to install the latest version.

g If the deep-learning-essentials package is not installed, perform the following actions:

1. Exit ArcGIS Pro.

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2. In a web browser, go to Install deep learning frameworks for ArcGIS ([Link]

3. Follow the instructions for the Deep Learning Libraries Installer for ArcGIS Pro.
4. After the installation is finished, start ArcGIS Pro.
5. Return to the Package Manager tab and verify that the deep-learning-essentials package is installed and matches your release of
ArcGIS Pro.

For more information about deep learning, go to ArcGIS Pro Help: Deep learning frequently asked questions
([Link]

In this step, you verified that the required deep-learning-essentials package is installed to complete deep learning workflows in ArcGIS Pro.

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- Step 2: Train the model using a geoprocessing tool

Next, you will train the model by using the Train Deep Learning Model geoprocessing tool in ArcGIS Pro.

Note: It can take up to four hours to train this model, depending on your computer's processing
power. You have been provided the trained model file for this exercise, so you will not run the
model.

a Start ArcGIS Pro and sign in with your course credentials, if necessary.

b Open the [Link] project.

- Hint

Under Recent Projects, double-click ObjectDetection or navigate to the ObjectDetection folder that you saved on your computer to open
[Link].

c In the Geoprocessing pane, search for and open the Train Deep Learning Model (Image Analyst Tools) tool.

d For Input Training Data, browse to and select your ..\EsriTraining\ObjectDetection\ImageChips folder.

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e For Output Folder, type PoolsModel_25_SSD.

f For Max Epochs, type 25.

The number of epochs defines the number of times that the neural network will process the image chips. The default number of 20 is a baseline
that you can adjust based on the results of your model.

g For Model Type, confirm or select Single Shot Detector (Object Detection).

The model type will determine the deep learning algorithm and neural network that you will use to train your model. The models that are
available to you depend on the metadata format that is chosen for the image chips. You chose a metadata format that is associated with object
detection, so only the object detection model types are available. For more information about the other model types, go to ArcGIS Pro
Help: Train Deep Learning Model (Image Analyst) ([Link]

h Leave the defaults for the remaining parameters.

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Step 2h***: Train the model using a geoprocessing tool.

Model arguments refer to specific parameter values that are used to train the model. The model arguments will vary based on the model type
that you choose. For the Single Shot Detector (Object Detection) model type, for example, several arguments define how the model examines
the image to detect objects. For more information about the Single Shot Detector model, go to ArcGIS API for Python Help: How single-shot
detector (SSD) works ([Link]

i To learn more about the individual model parameters, point to Model Arguments and pause on the geoprocessing input information icon .

j Expand Advanced.

k Leave the default settings for all fields.

The following graphic is used to explain one of the advanced parameters.

In this example, the loss (or model error) decreases as the learning
rate is increased from 1e-7 to 1e-1. After this point, the loss begins
to increase again. The part of the graph between 1e-3 and 1e-1
shows a steeper loss curve, and you can choose a learning rate in
this range to train the model. By default, the tool chooses a
conservative (lower) learning rate (close to 1e-3) to ensure that it

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does not overshoot the minimum error loss function. However, for
faster training, you may pick a higher learning rate (up to 1e-1).

The learning rate controls the weighting adjustment of the neural network. A low learning rate trains the model slowly, while a high learning rate
can jump to conclusions and learn the incorrect information. You can specify a learning rate or leave the default. The default will choose the rate
in which loss, or model error, is lowest before it starts to increase again, indicating that the learning rate is too high and is introducing error into
the model.

l To learn more about the other advanced parameters, point to the geoprocessing input information icons .

Note: It can take up to four hours to train this model, depending on your computer's processing
power. You have been provided the trained model file for this exercise, so you will not run the
model.

m After reviewing the parameters, continue to the next step.

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- Step 3: Review the model

The Train Deep Learning Model (Image Analyst Tools) tool trains a deep learning model and updates the model definition file (.emd) with this
information. You can use this model definition file to detect, or infer, the locations of the remaining swimming pools. By reviewing the results, you
can assess the model accuracy to determine whether you should modify the model or proceed with your analysis.

In the remaining exercise steps, you will use the trained model file that was provided for you.

a Open File Explorer and browse to ..\EsriTraining\ObjectDetection\Results\PoolsModel_25_SSD.

b Double-click the model_metrics.html file.

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Step 3b***: Review the model.

A web browser opens with model metrics that describe the following information:
· Learning rate controls the speed at which the model is trained, which shows how quickly the model parameters are updated. In this
graphic, the learning rate shows a range of values, where the smaller number on the left is the learning rate applied to the first few layers of
the network, and the larger number on the right is applied to the last few layers. The low learning rate trains the first few layers of the network
slowly, while the higher learning rate trains the final layers of the network more quickly. The end goal is to identify your optimal learning rate.
That can be done by finding the highest learning rate where the loss is still improving; since loss is an indicator of error, a smaller number is
more ideal.

· The training and validation loss graph compares training and validation losses over the training epochs. A model that performs well
typically shows a continual decrease in both training and validation loss over the training epochs. If the validation loss begins to increase,
then you may have overfitting, where the model is recognizing a particular set of data too closely and therefore may not generalize well to
other data.

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· Average precision score assesses the performance of object detection models. It measures the average precision for the validation set
for each class. An average precision score ranges from 0 to 1, where values closer to 1 indicate better model performance.

c Scroll down to Ground Truth/Predictions.

Step 3c***: Review the model.

Comparing the ground truth images with the predicted images will also help you determine the accuracy of your model. This model provides a
good baseline, predicting most of the pools identified in the ground truth image.

These metrics can help you determine whether you should modify the parameters of this tool (learning rate, number of epochs, grid cell size,
and so on) to improve the results of the models. Because modifications would require more processing time, you will proceed with this model.

d Close the results and File Explorer, and then return to ArcGIS Pro.

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- Step 4: Perform inferencing using the model

After you train the model, you will perform inferencing. Inferencing uses the trained model to extract information from your imagery. In this case,
you will extract, or detect, swimming pools for the specified area of interest.

a In the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back button .

b Search for and open the Detect Objects Using Deep Learning (Image Analyst Tools) tool.

c Set the following tool parameters:

· For Input Raster, choose NAIP_AOI.tif.

· For Output Detected Objects, type SwimmingPoolsAll.
· For Model Definition, browse to ..\EsriTraining\ObjectDetection\Results\PoolsModel_25_SSD and select PoolsModel_25_SSD.emd.
You will see some items listed in the Arguments section. These arguments will be used on your image as it passes through the layers of the
model. The default arguments use the values that were defined when training the model. You can use these values as a baseline that can be
adjusted to refine the inferencing results. The following information provides explanations of each argument.

· Padding adds a border of cells around the image. This border is used to ensure that the image maintains its original size as it passes
through the model. Padding is most relevant if you are detecting objects that are around the edge of your image.

The padding in this image is

2 pixels in size, indicated in

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gray.

· Threshold defines the required confidence level for object detection. In this analysis, the threshold is 0.5, meaning that the model has to
be at least 50 percent confident that the object is a swimming pool.

· NMS_Overlap is the percentage of allowable overlap between features. In this analysis, features that overlap more than 10 percent will be
removed.

· Batch_Size should be a square number, such as 1, 4, 9, 16, and so on. If the input value is not a perfect square, the analysis will use the
largest perfect square that is less than the input. Increasing the batch size can improve tool performance. However, as the batch size
increases, more memory is used.

· Exclude_Pad_Detections allows you to exclude items in the padded areas. In this analysis, you will exclude the padded areas from
inferencing.

d Check the Non Maximum Suppression box.

Non Maximum Suppression will identify duplicate features. The feature with the lower confidence level will be removed. The default values for
this parameter will use the confidence field to determine which feature has a lower confidence level. Max Overlap Ratio will define how much
overlap between features is allowable. The default does not allow any overlap.

e On the ribbon, from the Map tab, zoom to the Inference Pools bookmark.

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Step 4e***: Perform inferencing using the model.

Inferencing can be a time-consuming process based on your computer's processing power and the scale of your analysis. To minimize
processing time, you will analyze a smaller area of interest.

f At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Environments tab.

g Under Processing Extent, click the Current Display Extent button .

Step 4g***: Perform inferencing using the model.

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The coordinates update to the current extent of the map. These coordinates will be used as the processing extent for this tool. Your Left and
Right coordinates may vary slightly from the View Result graphic.

h Click Run.

Note: It may take several minutes for the tool to finish running.

Step 4h***: Perform inferencing using the model.

The model detected swimming pools for the specified area and created a new feature layer with the results.

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- Step 5: Review inferencing results

The swimming pools that the model detected cannot be seen at the current scale. In this step, you will zoom in to the map to review the
inferencing results and assess their accuracy.

a In the Contents pane, click the symbol for SwimmingPoolsAll.

The Symbology pane opens.

b In the Symbology pane, click the Gallery tab, if necessary.

c Under ArcGIS 2D, click Black Outline (2 Pts).

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d From the Map tab, in the Selection group, click the Attributes button .

Step 5d***: Review inferencing results.

The Attributes pane opens and provides attribute information for features in a selected area. You can also use this pane to zoom to each feature
and determine whether the model detected the appropriate object.

e In the Attributes pane, click the Layers tab.

f Click the Choose A Layer down arrow and choose SwimmingPoolsAll.

g Under SwimmingPoolsAll, click the Step Forward button .

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Step 5g***: Review inferencing results.

The map moves to a detected pool in the SwimmingPoolsAll layer. You can use this tool to review the detected pools, visually assessing the
accuracy of the model results. Based on the accuracy of the model results, you would modify the model or continue running inferencing on the
entire study area.

Using this model, you can quickly detect the remaining swimming pools in Southern California, providing tax assessors with the information that
they need to identify more accurate property values and taxes.

h Save the project.

i If you would like to train the model using ArcGIS API for Python, proceed to the optional stretch goal; otherwise, you can exit ArcGIS Pro.

Esri Academy learning plan: Deep Learning Using ArcGIS ([Link]

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- Step 6: Stretch goal (Optional)

Previously, you trained the model by using the Train Deep Learning Model geoprocessing tool. In this stretch goal, you will train the model by
using ArcGIS API for Python in a Jupyter Notebook.

The contents of the notebook that you will run describe the process of training a deep learning model with ArcGIS API for Python. It includes the
ArcGIS API code and descriptions of each step in the process.

Note: If you run the [Link]() cell, it will begin to train the model. It can take up to four hours to
train this model, depending on your computer's processing power. Other cells in the
notebook may take a few minutes to run as well.

a Use the following high-level steps to complete the stretch goal:

1. From the Windows taskbar, search for and open Python Command Prompt.

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2. In the Python Command Prompt window, type cd, add a space, and then add the file path where you saved the ObjectDetection
project. (The code with the file path may look like the following: cd C:\EsriTraining\ObjectDetection.)
3. Press Enter.
4. In the Python Command Prompt window, type jupyter-notebook and press Enter.
5. In the web browser that opens, from the Files tab, click model_training.ipynb.
6. Click Run to run through each cell in the script.

b After you are finished, close the web browser and the Python Command Prompt window.

c Save your project and exit ArcGIS Pro.

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