AP CHEMISTRY Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
1. A student has a sample of each of the following compounds: , , and . Which of the following
lists the samples in order of increasing number of moles in the sample?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2. A student obtains a sample of a pure solid compound. In addition to Avogadro’s number, which of the following
must the student know in order to determine how many molecules are in the sample?
(A) Mass of the sample, volume of the sample
(B) Mass of the sample, density of the sample
(C) Molar mass of the compound, mass of the sample
(D) Molar mass of the compound, density of the sample
3. Which of the following numerical expressions gives the number of particles in of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AP Chemistry Page 1 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
An experiment is performed to measure the mass percent of in eggshells. Five different samples of
of known mass react with an excess of in identical sealed, rigid reaction vessels. The
pressure of the gas produced is measured with a pressure gauge attached to the reaction vessel. Since the reaction is
exothermic, the reaction system is cooled to its original temperature before the pressure is recorded. The experimental
data are used to create the calibration line below.
The experiment is repeated with an eggshell sample, and the experimental data are recorded in the table below.
Mass of eggshell sample
Pressure prior to reaction
Pressure at completion of reaction
4. The mass percent of in the eggshell sample is closest to
Page 2 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A) 30%
(B) 45%
(C) 60%
(D) 75%
5. The mass spectrum of the element is most likely represented by which of the following?
AP Chemistry Page 3 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Page 4 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
6.
Which of the following elements has the mass spectrum represented above?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AP Chemistry Page 5 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
7.
The mass spectrum of a sample of a pure element is shown above. Based on the data, the peak at
represents an isotope of which of the following elements?
(A) with 13 neutrons
(B) with 14 neutrons
(C) with 26 neutrons
(D) with 26 neutrons
8. A 23.0g sample of a compound contains 12.0g of C, 3.0g of H, and 8.0g of O. Which of the following is the
empirical formula of the compound?
(A) CH3O
(B) C2H6O
(C) C3H9O2
(D) C4H12O2
Page 6 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
9.
The masses of carbon and hydrogen in samples of four pure hydrocarbons are given above. The hydrocarbon in
which sample has the same empirical formula as propene, C3H6 ?
(A) Sample A
(B) Sample B
(C) Sample C
(D) Sample D
10. When a 3.22 g sample of an unknown hydrate of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 ⋅ H2O(s), is heated, H2O (molar mass
18 g) is driven off. The mass of the anhydrous Na2SO4(s) (molar mass 142 g) that remains is 1.42 g. The value of
x in the hydrate is
(A) 0.013
(B) 1.8
(C) 6.0
(D) 10.
(E) 20.
AP Chemistry Page 7 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
The following questions refer to the below.
M+ is an unknown metal cation with a +1 charge. A student dissolves the chloride of the unknown metal, MCl, in
enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. The student then mixes the solution with excess AgNO3 solution,
causing AgCl to precipitate. The student collects the precipitate by filtration, dries it, and records the data shown below.
(The molar mass of AgCl is 143 g/mol.)
Mass of unknown chloride, MCl 0.74 g
Mass of filter paper 0.80 g
Mass of filter paper plus AgCl precipitate 2.23 g
11. What is the identity of the metal chloride?
(A) NaCl
(B) KCl
(C) CuCl
(D) LiCl
12.
The photoelectron spectrum for the element nitrogen is represented above. Which of the following best explains
how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the atom?
(A) The leftmost peak represents the valence electrons.
(B) The two peaks at the right represent a total of three electrons.
(C) The electrons in the sublevel have the smallest binding energy.
(D) The electrons in the sublevel have the smallest binding energy.
Page 8 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
13.
The table above shows the first ionization energy and atomic radius of several elements. Which of the following
best helps to explain the deviation of the first ionization energy of oxygen from the overall trend?
(A) The atomic radius of oxygen is greater than the atomic radius of fluorine.
(B) The atomic radius of oxygen is less than the atomic radius of nitrogen.
(C) There is repulsion between paired electrons in oxygen’s 2p orbitals.
(D) There is attraction between paired electrons in oxygen’s 2p orbitals.
14. Based on the positions of elements in the periodic table, which of the following groups contains compounds that are
most likely to have similar chemical properties?
(A) , , and
(B) , , and
(C) , , and
(D) , , and
15. Which of the following has the bonds arranged in order of decreasing polarity?
(A) H−F > N−F > F−F
(B) H−I > H−Br > H−F
(C) O−N > O−S > O−Te
(D) Sb−I > Sb−Te > Sb−Cl
16. Which of the following substances has bonds with the greatest ionic character?
AP Chemistry Page 9 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
17. Which of the following scientific claims about the bond in the molecular compound is most likely to be true?
(A) There is a partial negative charge on the atom.
(B) Electrons are shared equally between the and atoms.
(C) The bond is extremely weak.
(D) The bond is highly polar.
18.
Bond Dissociation Energy
Molecule
The table above shows the bond dissociation energies for and at . Which of the following correctly
shows the potential energy as a function of internuclear distance for two bromine atoms and two iodine atoms?
Page 10 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AP Chemistry Page 11 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
19.
The potential energy as a function of internuclear distance for three diatomic molecules, X2, Y2, and Z2, is shown in
the graph above. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following correctly identifies the diatomic molecules,
X2, Y2, and Z2?
X2 Y2 Z2
(A)
H2 N2 O2
X2 Y2 Z2
(B)
H2 O2 N2
X2 Y2 Z2
(C)
N2 O2 H2
X2 Y2 Z2
(D)
O2 H2 N2
Page 12 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
20. Copper atoms and zinc atoms have the same atomic radius, 135 picometers. Based on this information, which of the
following diagrams best represents an alloy containing only copper and zinc atoms?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AP Chemistry Page 13 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
21. Steel is an alloy containing atoms and atoms. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-
level structure of steel?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
22. NH3 reacts with BF3 to form a single species. Which of the following structural diagrams is the most likely
representation of the product of the reaction?
Page 14 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
23.
Based on the resonance structures shown above, what are the bond orders of the two carbon-oxygen bonds?
(A) and
(B) and
(C) and
(D) and
AP Chemistry Page 15 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
24.
Which of the following statements, if true, would support the claim that the ion, represented above, has three
resonance structures?
(A) The ion is not a polar species.
(B) The oxygen-to-nitrogen-to-oxygen bond angles are .
(C) One of the bonds in is longer than the other two.
(D) One of the bonds in is shorter than the other two.
Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered statements immediately following it. Select the one
lettered choice that best fits the statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The question refers to the following species.
(A) H2O
(B) NH3
(C) BH3
(D) CH4
(E) SiH4
25. Has a trigonal-pyramidal molecular geometry
(A) H2O
(B) NH3
(C) BH3
(D) CH4
(E) SiH4
Page 16 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered statement immediately following it. Select the one
lettered choice that best fits the statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Refer to the following gaseous molecules:
(A) BeCl2
(B) SO2
(C) N2
(D) O2
(E) F2
26. Is a polar molecule
(A) BeCl2
(B) SO2
(C) N2
(D) O2
(E) F2
27.
In the reaction represented above, which of the following sets correctly identifies the hybridization of the atoms
before and after the reaction occurs?
Set
Before
After
AP Chemistry Page 17 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A) Set A
(B) Set B
(C) Set C
(D) Set D
28. Which of the following molecules contains exactly three sigma (σ) bonds and two pi (π) bonds?
(A) C2H2
(B) CO2
(C) HCN
(D) SO3
(E) N2
29. In the following diagrams, elements are represented by and , which form molecular compounds with one
another. Which diagram represents a molecule that has a bent molecular geometry?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
30. The BF3 molecule is nonpolar, whereas the NF3 molecule is polar. Which of the following statements accounts for
the difference in polarity of the two molecules?
(A) In NF3, each F is joined to N with multiple bonds, whereas in BF3 , each F is joined to B with single bonds.
(B) N — F bonds are polar, whereas B — F bonds are nonpolar.
(C) NF3 is an ionic compound, whereas BF3 is a molecular compound.
(D) Unlike BF3, NF3 has a nonplanar geometry due to an unshared pair of electrons on the N atom.
Page 18 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
31.
Solid carbon tetrachloride, , is represented by the diagram above. The attractions between the
molecules that hold the molecules together in the solid state are best identified as
(A) polar covalent bonds
(B) nonpolar covalent bonds
(C) intermolecular attractions resulting from temporary dipoles
(D) intermolecular attractions resulting from permanent dipoles
AP Chemistry Page 19 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
32.
The diagram above is a molecular model of a gaseous diatomic element that is just above its boiling point.
Intermolecular forces between the gas molecules will cause them to condense into the liquid phase if the
temperature is lowered. Which of the following best describes how the model is limited in its depiction of the
phenomenon?
It does not show how hydrogen bonds are constantly forming, breaking, and reforming, which results in a net
(A)
force of attraction between the molecules.
It does not show how the interactions between ions and the induced molecular dipoles result in a net force of
(B)
attraction between the molecules.
It does not show how the interacting permanent dipoles of the molecules result in a net force of attraction
(C)
between the molecules.
It does not show how the temporary fluctuating dipoles of the molecular electron clouds result in a net force
(D)
of attraction between the molecules.
Page 20 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
33.
Based on Coulomb’s Law and the information in the table above, which of the following cations is most likely to
have the weakest interaction with an adjacent water molecule in an aqueous solution?
(A) Li+
(B) Na+
(C) Ca2+
(D) In3+
AP Chemistry Page 21 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
34.
Four different liquid compounds in flasks at are represented above. The table below identifies the
compounds. Flask C shows the most particles in the vapor phase. Which of the following is not shown in the model
but best helps to explain why flask C must contain pentane?
Name Chemical Formula Boiling Point
Pentane 36
Hexane 69
Heptane 98
Octane 126
(A) The random motion of the particles within the liquids
(B) The relative speeds of the vapor particles in each flask
(C) The strength of the intermolecular forces between the particles in the liquids
(D) The structural formula of the molecules of the liquid and vapor in each flask
35. At and , is a liquid and is a crystalline solid. Which of the following statements best explains
the different physical states of and at and ?
(A) The London dispersion forces among molecules are stronger than those among molecules.
(B) The London dispersion forces among molecules are stronger than those among molecules.
(C) The bond is stronger than the bond.
(D) The bond is stronger than the bond.
36. In which of the following liquids do the intermolecular forces include dipole-dipole forces?
(A) F2(l)
(B) CH4(l)
(C) CF4(l)
(D) CH2F2(l)
Page 22 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
37.
Based on the data in the table above, which of the following correctly predicts the relative strength of the attraction
of Zn2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+ ions to water molecules in a solution, from strongest to weakest, and provides the correct
reason?
(A) Zn2+ > Ca2+ > Ba2+ because the smaller ions have a stronger coulombic attraction to water
(B) Zn2+ > Ca2+ > Ba2+ because the smaller ions are more electronegative
(C) Ba2+ > Ca2+ > Zn2+ because the larger ions are more polarizable
(D) Ba2+ > Ca2+ > Zn2+ because the larger ions are less electronegative
AP Chemistry Page 23 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
38.
The table above shows the structural formulas and molar masses for three different compounds. Which of the
following is a list of the compounds in order of increasing boiling points?
(A) Butane < 1-propanol < acetone
(B) Butane < acetone < 1-propanol
(C) 1-propanol < acetone < butane
(D) Acetone = butane < 1-propanol
Page 24 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
39.
Benzene, C6H6 , has the structure shown above. Considering the observation that benzene is only sparingly soluble
in water, which of the following best describes the intermolecular forces of attraction between water and benzene?
(A) Benzene is nonpolar, therefore there are no forces between water and benzene.
(B) The H atoms in benzene form hydrogen bonds with the O atoms in water.
(C) Benzene is hydrophobic, therefore there is a net repulsion between water and benzene.
(D) There are dipole-induced dipole and London dispersion interactions between water and benzene.
40. Which statement best helps to explain the observation that boils at , whereas boils at
?
(A) The dispersion forces in are weaker than the dispersion forces in .
(B) The dispersion forces in are stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in .
(C) has hydrogen bonding that is stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in .
(D) has hydrogen bonding that is weaker than the dipole-dipole forces in .
AP Chemistry Page 25 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
41.
Based on the information in the table above, which liquid, CS2(l) or CCl4(l), has the higher equilibrium vapor
pressure at 25°C, and why?
(A) CS2(l), because it has stronger London dispersion forces
(B) CS2(l), because it has weaker London dispersion forces
(C) CCl4(l), because it has stronger London dispersion forces
(D) CCl4(l), because it has weaker London dispersion forces
42.
Based on the data in the table above, which of the following liquid substances has the weakest intermolecular
forces?
(A) C6H6(l)
(B) C2H5OH(l)
(C) CH3OH(l)
(D) C2H6O2(l)
Page 26 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
43.
AP Chemistry Page 27 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
The ionic compounds and are represented by the diagrams above. Which statement correctly identifies
diagram 1 and identifies the compound with the lower melting point, explaining why?
Diagram 1 represents ; it has a lower melting point than has because the coulombic attractions
(A) between the singly charged ions and the ions in are stronger than those between the ions in
.
Diagram 1 represents ; it has a lower melting point than because the coulombic attractions
(B)
between its singly charged ions and the ions are weaker than those between the ions in .
Diagram 1 represents ; it has a lower melting point than because the coulombic attractions
(C)
between its doubly charged ions and the ions are stronger than those between the ions in .
Diagram 1 represents ; it has a lower melting point than because the coulombic attractions
(D)
between the doubly charged ions and the ions are weaker than those between the ions in .
Page 28 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
44.
Based on the diagram above, which of the following best helps to explain why MgO(s) is not able to conduct
electricity, but MgO(l) is a good conductor of electricity?
(A) MgO(s) does not contain free electrons, but MgO(l) contains free electrons that can flow.
(B) MgO(s) contains no water, but MgO(l) contains water that can conduct electricity.
MgO(s) consists of separate Mg2+ ions and O2− ions, but MgO(l) contains MgO molecules that can conduct
(C)
electricity.
MgO(s) consists of separate Mg2+ ions and O2− ions held in a fixed lattice, but in MgO(l) the ions are free to
(D)
move and conduct electricity.
AP Chemistry Page 29 of 31
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
Molar Mass
Substance Structural Formula
Propylamine 59
Pentane 72
2-propanol 60
Propanoic acid 74
A student was given samples of four different unknown liquids. The unknown liquids are propylamine, pentane,
2-propanol, and propanoic acid. The structures and molar masses of the compounds are shown in the table above. On the
basis of this information, the student designed some experiments to identify the samples.
45. Which of the following statements correctly identifies which compound, pentane or propanoic acid, has the higher
boiling point and provides a valid justification?
(A) Pentane, because it has greater London dispersion forces than propanoic acid does
(B) Pentane, because it can form more hydrogen bonds per molecule than propanoic acid can
(C) Propanoic acid, because double bonds are harder to break than single bonds
(D) Propanoic acid, because it forms hydrogen bonds, whereas pentane does not
46. Of the following, the best explanation for the fact that most gases are easily compressed is that the molecules in a
gas
Page 30 of 31 AP Chemistry
Test Booklet
Unit 1-3.3 MCQ
(A) are in constant motion
(B) are relatively far apart
(C) have relatively small masses
(D) have a real, nonzero volume
(E) move slower as temperature decreases
Refer to the following.
PCl5(g) ⇄ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
PCl5(g) decomposes into PCl3(g) and Cl2(g) according to the equation above. A pure sample of PCl5(g) is placed in a
rigid, evacuated 1.00 L container. The initial pressure of the PCl5(g) is 1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant until
the PCl5(g) reaches equilibrium with its decomposition products. The figures below show the initial and equilibrium
conditions of the system.
47. Which of the following is the most likely cause for the increase in pressure observed in the container as the reaction
reaches equilibrium?
(A) A decrease in the strength of intermolecular attractions among molecules in the flask
(B) An increase in the strength of intermolecular attractions among molecules in the flask
An increase in the number of molecules, which increases the frequency of collisions with the walls of the
(C)
container
(D) An increase in the speed of the molecules that then collide with the walls of the container with greater force
AP Chemistry Page 31 of 31
