1

PNEUMATIC SYMBOLS

In this item, we will present a summary of the usual symbols used in

pneumatic and hydraulic diagrams. Table 1 presents some symbols for the
actuators, according to the standards ABNT NBR 8897, DIN 24300, and ISO 1219.

ACTUATORS
Table 1 - Actuator Symbols.

Single-acting cylinder (retracted resting position).

Single-acting cylinder (advanced rest position).

Double-acting cylinder.
Double-acting cylinder (with end damping)
course, without adjustment).
Double-acting cylinder (with end cushioning)
adjustable course)

Cylinder with through rod.

Double-acting cylinder with magnetic piston.

Tandem type cylinder.

Double cylinder.

Cylinder without rod.

Oscillator.

Pneumatic Motor.

Hydraulic Motor.

For practicality and universality in the creation and reading of a diagram,

normalizam-se os símbolos pneumáticos a serem empregados. As normas usuais de
symbolism are ABNT NBR 8896 and following, DIN 24300 and ISO 1219. Some premises
important define this symbolism:
a) The symbol does not characterize the constructive form of a component nor its dimensions,
they characterize only their function.
b) The valves are represented by squares.
c) The number of squares indicates the number of positions that the valve can assume.
Inside each square, the passageways of a valve are indicated by lines.
Arrows usually indicate the direction of the flow.
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DIRECTIONAL VALVES

Valves are elements that control, regulate, direct, and block the flow in a circuit.
The understanding of its symbolism is the basic premise for the analysis of pneumatic and hydraulic diagrams.
electro-hydraulics and electropneumatics. They are categorized into five major groups, according to their function:
a) directional;
b) of pressure;
c) of flow (flow);
d) of blocking;
e) of closure.

Among these, the main group is that of directional valves, that is, valves that
interfere in the trajectory of the flow, diverting it to where it is most convenient in a
certain moment. We will present in the next items, the usual symbols, remembering
that the description of other symbols and additional definitions should be consulted in the standards
ABNT NBR 8896 and following, DIN 24300 and ISO 1219.

IDENTIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS

"Connection" refers to a physical point where any element connects to a valve.

example, a hose, a silencer, a regulator, exhaust). The ISO 5599 standard prescribes the identification
of connections through the use of numbers, while the ISO 1219 (classic) standard prescribes the use of
of uppercase letters of the Latin alphabet (Table 2).

Table 2 - Identification of connections.

CONNECTION cfe. ISO cfe. ISO
5599 1219
Pressure 1 P
Escape / Exhaustion 3;5 R;S
(tire)
Tank (hydraulic) 3 T
Exit 2;4 B;A
Pilot 14;12 Z;Y

CONSTRUCTION OF DIRECTIONAL VALVE SYMBOLS

Table 3 - Valve Symbols.

The valves are symbolized by means of
squares.
The number of squares represents how many
switching positions of the directional valve ;
(Note: the minimum number of positions in a
the directional valve is two).
The arrows indicate, in general, the direction of the flow.
;
The blockages (that is, points where there are no
(flow) are represented by a 'T' positioned ;
internally to the symbol.
The connections (functional pathways) are indicated by (4-way and 3-position valve or
traces on the outer part, in the position to the right 4/3 vias):
valve (for valves with 2 command positions)
or in the center (valves with 3 command positions). ;
 3

(5-way and 2-position valve or

5/2 paths):

2-way and 2-position directional valve

command, normal closed position (abbreviated as a
designation for 2/2 copies NF, reads: 'two-two copies'
ene-efe”).
2/2 way valve NO (normally open).

3/2 way valve NF.

3/2 way valve NC.

3/3 way valve CF (closed center).

4/2 way valve.

5/2 way valve.

NOTE: When specifying the symbol of a directional valve, they must be perfectly
defined:
The number of ports of the valve;
The number of management positions;
The normal position of the valve (when applicable);
Method of actuation (both for switching and for returning to the normal position).

DRIVER OF DIRECTIONAL VALVES

The change between the positions of a directional valve depends on external actuation, which
the indication is incorporated adjacent to the valve symbol. These actuations are often grouped according to their
type in: muscular action, mechanical action, pressure, electric or a combination between these (Table 4).

Table 4 - Valve actuations.

ACTION SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
MUSCULAR Generic symbol, without specification of
mode of operation.
Button.

Button with lock.

Lever.

Pedal.

MECHANICS Came or the one who touches.

Mola (in general, for return to position

of rest).
Roller.

Recessed roller ("trigger").

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ELECTRIC Solenoid with a coil.

Proportional solenoid with coil.

Reversible electric motor.

Stepper motor.

PRESSURE Pneumatic pilot (for increase of

pressure).
Hydraulic pilot (by increase of
pressure).
Pneumatic autopilot (internal pilot to
valve).
COMBINED Pilot solenoid (pneumatic).

Pilot solenoid (hydraulic).

Servo-controlled roller (pneumatic).

Activation by muscular action or by

servo-controlled solenoid.
Activation by solenoid or muscular,
servo-piloted (pre-manual command).

Table 5 - Additional symbols (see standards for details).

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Pressure gauge (manometer).

Indication of the possibility of adjustment or of

progressive variation.

Pneumatic flow.

Hydraulic flow.

Pressure source (generic).

Simple escapes (non-connectable); triangle

adjacent to the symbol.
Threaded escape for connection; triangle spaced
of the symbol.
Oil flow to the tank.

Compressor.

Hydraulic pump.
 5

Hydraulic pump with variable displacement.

Pressure medium converter (in the example, from

pneumatic for hydraulic)
Silencer.

Accumulator (generic).

Conditioning unit (simplified).

Conditioning unit (detailed, consisting of

filter with drain; pressure regulating valve;
manometer and lubricator, from left to
right).
Quick coupling (disconnected).

Quick coupling (connected).

Quick coupling with check valve

(connected).
The union of paths within a valve is
symbolized by a dot.
POSITION Condition in which the movable elements of the valve
EM are positioned while it is not
REST triggered.
POSITION Condition in which the valve is positioned after the
INITIAL assembly and connection of the network. In this position
the planned sequence of operations begins (after the
RESET start command).
BY WAY OF Way through which the compressed air exits the valve.
EXHAUSTION

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

CONVENTIONS FOR ELECTRICAL PROJECTS

The conventions presented below are based on the DIN 40713 and DIN standards.
40718, already mentioned, and are commonly used in LAB-SIM for the subjects related to the area
of automation. The illustrations presented here are part of a 'bank' of drawings, being
made available via the internet, on the homepage of the automation laboratory, for download.

FORM OF EXECUTION OF DIAGRAMS

SHEETFORELECTRO-ELECTRONICCIRCUITANDCONNECTIONDIAGRAMS

A3 sheet (297mm x 420mm), standardized and with company logo, preferably with
15 upper divisions (28 mm/division) where the column address should be placed (figure 1).
 6

Figure 1 - Example of standard sheet for the creation of diagrams (file_sheet_A3.dwg).

DIAGRAMCREATION SHEETFORFUTUREEXPANSIONS

The creation of the diagrams and other information Provide blank sheets during the project
it must be done on standard sulfite paper, with pencil or (addressed) in places where there may be
pencil avoiding the use of rulers, templates or others future implementation. These blank sheets must
materials, in order to carry out this work in the most counter in the bottom left corner the note: 'SHEET
practical and quick. The final documentation may be in RESERVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION
vegetal paper or plotted sulfite. FUTURE. When proceeding this way, the sheet
the front must have the following on its right side
SYMBOLISM observation A NEXT LEAF ESTA
RESERVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION
The dimensions and shape of the electro-symbols FUTURE.
electronics must meet the requirements of the DIN standards
40713 and 40718. Tables 4.1 and 4.3 present the IDENTIFICATION OFCOMPONENTS
most commonly used symbols in electro-electronic circuits.
Contactors, fuses, transformers, power supplies
WRITING AND TECHNICAL LINES rectifiers and all and any electrical components
Electronics must be identified by uppercase letters
The technical lines and the characters used in the followed by the number or code of the reference sector
the preparation of electro-electronic schemes must meet (column). In practice, it is found that up to 9 elements
A
e,hB
sdN
trT
N
adfnoaN
B
sdnoR
a3B
t048iR
s2048tpircserpeht can be addressed in the same column. The order
respectively. the numeric value of the least significant digit in this encoding is
from bottom to top.
LEGEND
TERMINALSANDCONDUCTORSCONNECTEDTOC.L.P's
They must be observed, at a minimum:
In the top right corner, the drawing number. The dimensions and shape of the electro symbols
Electronics must comply with the prescriptions of the DIN standards.
Count the name of the Project. 40713 and 40718. The respective addresses must be
Generic content of the sheet. identified (byte number of the PLC or its module)
of expansion). The terminals and conductors of the branches of
LINESOFFORCEANDCOMMAND Voltage feeding is identified as follows:

They must observe, at a minimum, the

recommendations: ∙ Three-Phase Branch:
Force and command lines (440V, 220V, nLx
127V in alternating current or 48V and 24V in direct current where: n=address (column);
continuous, which are the most common in industrial applications
they must be represented by a solid line; x = 1,2,3 (identification of the feeding phase).
The grounding conductor (PE) must be
indicated by Line "dash-dot"; ∙ Direct Current Line:
The neutral conductor (N) must be indicated by nLs
dashed line;
The shields must be represented by line. where n = address (column);
traced with a stroke dimension smaller than that of the s = sign of the respective pole (positive or negative).
neutral conductor.
 7

LETTERSFORIDENTIFICATIONOFCOMPONENTS

Table 6 shows the letters used in the identification of the main circuit components.

Table 6 - Encoding of the components of an electrical circuit using letters.

CODIFICATION DESCRIPTION
An Module or electronic equipment.
Ax.x Digital output of Programmable Logic Controller.
AEx Analog input of Programmable Logic Controller.
AAx Analog output of Programmable Logic Controller.
Bn Measurement converter, inductive or optical proximity sensors.
BEx.x Inductive or optical proximity sensors or connected to
Programmable Logic Controller.
Cn Capacitor.
Dn Binary Elements (DO-D7, for example).
Ex.x Digital input of Programmable Logic Controller.
Fn Protective devices.
Gn Generator, rectifier bridge.
Hn Signaling device.
Hax.x Signaling device connected to the output of the Logic Controller
Programmable.
Kn Relay, contactor.
KAx.x Relay contactor connected to the output of Programmable Logic Controller
Ln Inductor.
Mn Motor.
Nn Amplifier, regulator.
Pn Measuring device.
Qn Circuit breaker.
Rn Resistor, potentiometer.
Sn Switch, key, interrupter.
SEx.x Switch, key, switch connected to the output of Controller
Programmable Logic.
Tn Transformer.
A Converter.
Vn Semiconductor.
Xn Power and/or control sockets.
Yn Mechanical device with electric actuation, solenoid.
YAx.x Solenoid of hydraulic or pneumatic valve, door locks
connected to the output of Programmable Logic Controller
Zn Filter, limiter
Where: "n" is the reference sector (column address)
"xx' or "x" is the binary address of the Programmable Logic Controller

REFERENCESECTORS POSITIONOFCOMPONENTANNOTATION

The electrical schematics are encoded from The code annotation position of the
of a "reference sector", which is provided by the address
components must be:
from the respective column. Each page contains 15 sectors
components in the horizontal part
references, numbered from left to right,
superior
in ascending order and having numerical continuity
in the remaining part of the scheme, also having, explicit, the contactor/relay coils, on the side
address 'where it comes from' and 'where it goes'. bottom right
sensors/buttons on the left side;
IDENTIFICATION OFCONTACTORSAND RELAYS solenoids of the solenoid valves, on the side
lower right;
All contactors and relays must have the electrical/electronic modules, in the middle of
indication, below your drive coil module
respective, the address of their closing contacts
(NA) and openers (NF). Note: The position of the annotation of the nominal value of
IDENTIFICATIONOFTHECONDUCTORGAUGE fuses, disconnection switches, range of action of
thermal relays, current limiters and circuit breakers
Every conductor must have its gauge indicated on the It should be right below the component code.
diagram, preceded by the gauge symbol: "#".
 8

PROJECTDOCUMENTATION Layout of the installation and its accessories; (troughs,

junction boxes, devices, mounting cabinets,
The automated systems project encompasses a
energy groups);
series of documents that must be attached to
Connection plan;
graphic representation of the project itself. Thus, for the purpose of
Outlet plan;
conference, execution, maintenance, and expansions of the project
Terminal plan.
must have the following documents:
Actuation scheme (pneumatic, hydraulic); Quando for o caso devem, ainda, constar:
Electrical diagram (Motors, force, control); Material list;
Software listing;
∙Assembly plan (location of components);
Operating and adjustment instructions.
Layout of the Control and Maneuver Panels;

EXAMPLES

Figure 2 - Electropneumatic diagram of a bimanual control.

Figure 3 - Electropneumatic diagram of a command chain.