UNIT 1: TOWNS AND CITIES

❖ VOCABULARY
A. VOCABULARY: Places in a town or city
1. Square /skweə(r)/ (n): quảng trường
2. Restaurant /ˈrestrɒnt/ (n): nhà hàng
3. Station /ˈsteɪʃn/ (n): trạm xe
4. Theater /ˈθɪə.tə(r)/ (n): rạp kịch, nhà hát
5. Cinema /ˈsɪnəmə/ (n): rạp chiếu phim
6. Hotel /həʊˈtel/ (n): khách sạn
7. Office /ˈɒfɪs/ (n): văn phòng
=> official /əˈfɪʃl/ (a): chính thức
=> officially /əˈfɪʃəli/ (adv): một cách chính thức
=> Office building: tòa nhà văn phòng
8. Monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ (n): đài tưởng niệm
9. Flat /flæt/ = apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ (n): căn hộ
10. Interest /ˈɪntrəst/ (n): sở thích
=> interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ (a): thích thú
=> interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ (a): cảm thấy thích thú
=> be interested in + V-ing/ N: thích làm gì đó/ cái gì
11. District /ˈdɪstrɪkt/ (n): quận

B. READING: A description of a cruise ship

12. Image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ (n): bức ảnh
=> imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ (v): tưởng tượng
=> imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ (n): sự tưởng tượng
=> imaginary /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri/ (a): ảo, không có thật
=> imaginative /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ (a): giàu trí tưởng tượng
13. Fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ (a): tuyệt vời
14. Comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ (a): sự thoải mái
=> comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/ (a): thoải mái => comfortably (adv)
=> uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/ (a): không thoải mái
15. Oasis /əʊˈeɪsɪs/ (n): ốc đảo
16. Cabin /ˈkæbɪn/ (n): khoang tàu
17. Passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ (n): hành khách
18. Chef /ʃef/ (n): đầu bếp
19. Cruise /kruːz/ (n): cuộc chơi biển
=> on a cruise ship: trên con tàu dụ ngoạn biển
20. Real /ˈriːəl/ (a): có thật
=> realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ (v): nhận ra

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=> reality /riˈæləti/ (n): thực tế
21. Excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ (v): kích thích
=> excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ (n): sự kích thích, sự thú vị
=> excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ (a): cảm thấy kích thích, thú vị
=> exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ (a): kích thích, thú vị

C. VOCABULARY AND LISTENING: Comparing places and things

22. Dirt /dɜːt/ (n): bụi bẩn
=> dirty /ˈdɜːti/ (n): dơ
23. Clean /kliːn/ (a): sạch
24. Friend /frend/ (n): bạn bè
=> friendly /ˈfrendli/ (a): thân thiện
=> unfriendly/ʌnˈfrendli/ (a): không thân thiện
=> friendliness /ˈfrendlinəs/ (n): sự thân thiện
=> friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ (n): tình bạn
25. Old /əʊld/ (a): cũ
26. Modern /ˈmɒdn/ (a): hiện đại
=> modernize /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ (a): hiện đại hóa
=> modernization /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n): sự hiện đại hóa
=> modernity /məˈdɜːnəti/ (n): sự hiện đại
27. Quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ (a): yên lặng
28. Noise /nɔɪz/ (n): sự ồn ào
=> noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ (a): ồn
=> noisily /ˈnɔɪzɪli/ (adv): một cách ồn ào
29. Pretty /ˈprɪti/ (a): xinh xắn
30. Safe /seɪf/ (a): an toàn
=> unsafe /ʌnˈseɪf/ (a): không an toàn
=> safety /ˈseɪfti/ (n): sự an toàn
31. Danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ (n): sự nguy hiểm
=> dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ (a): nguy hiểm
=> dangerously /ˈdeɪndʒərəsli/ (adv): một cách nguy hiểm

D. SPEAKING: Asking and saying where places are

32. Excuse me: Xin phiền 1 chút
33. How far is it/ the … from here?: từ đây đến chỗ đó bao xa
Eg: How far is the park from here?
34. Thanks for … : Cảm ơn vì …
35. You’re welcome: Bạn luôn được chào đón

E. WRITING: A description of a town or city

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36. Build /bɪld/ (v): xây
=> building /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ (n): tòa nhà
=> builder /ˈbɪldə(r)/ (n): thợ xây
37. Amuse /əˈmjuːz/ (v): làm cho ai thích thú
=> amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/ (n): sự thích thú
=> amused /əˈmjuːzd/ (a): cảm thấy thích thú
=> amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ (a): thú vị
38. Populate /ˈpɒpjuleɪt/ (v): cư trú
=> population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ (n): dân số
39. ADJ + NOUN
Eg: a modern city, a beautiful girl,…
40. Really/ very/ quite + ADJ
Eg: HCMC is very modern.
41. S1 + V1 and S2 + V2: dùng AND khi 2 mệnh đề có nghĩa tương đồng
Eg: HCMC is very modern and its people are really friendly.
42. S1 + V1, but S2 + V2: dùng BUT khi 2 mệnh đề có nghĩa trái ngược
Eg: There are a lot of cities in Vietnam, but HCMC is more interesting.

F. CLIL – GEOGRAPHY: Reading a map

43. Forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ (n): khu rừng
=> deforest /ˌdiːˈfɒrɪst/ (v): phá rừng
=> deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ (n): sự phá rừng
44. Hill /hɪl/ (n): đồi núi
45. Path /pɑːθ/ (n): con đường
46. Represent + sb/sth/ˌreprɪˈzent/ (v): đại diện
=> representative /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ (n): người đại diện
=> representation /ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn/ (n): sự đại diện
47. Legend /ˈledʒənd/ (n): lời ghi chú
48. Scale /skeɪl/ (n): thước đo
49. Dot /dɒt/ (n): chấm tròn
=> dotted /ˈdɒtɪd/ (a): được chấm tròn
50. Symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ (n): biểu tượng
=> symbolize + sth /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ (v): biểu tượng hóa
=> symbolic + OF sth /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/ (a): thuộc về biểu tượng

❖ GRAMMAR
1. Is there …? / Are there …?

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 There is There are
There is + a/an + Singular noun
There are + some/ a lot of / lots of
There is + some/ a lot of / lots of
+ Plural Nouns
Uncountable Noun
There isn’t + a/an + Singular
Noun There aren’t + any/ a lot of / lots of
There isn’t + any/ a lot of / lots of + Plural Nouns
+ Uncountable Noun
Is there + a/an + Singular
Noun…?
Are there + any + Plural nouns?
Is there + any + Uncountable
Noun?

Notes:
How many + plural nouns + are there …?
There are / is ….. + N (cẩn thận chọn “are/is” dựa theo N gần nhất

Eg: How many students are there in the classroom? => There are 30 students.

2. Definite and zero article

a an Zero article (không the
dùng mạo từ)
Singular Singular nouns ● Plural nouns: ● Singular nouns: the
nouns (end with houses, apples house
Eg: a U,E,O,A,I) ● Uncountable ● Plural nouns: the
house, a Eg: an apple, nouns: milk, bread houses
cat, … an ice ● Uncountable nouns:
cream, … the bread
General meaning Particular meanings
(Nghĩa chung, chưa xác định) (Nghĩa cụ thể, đã xác định)

3. Some/Any
Some Any
Affirmative sentences (+) Negative sentences (-)
Request (Would you like …? / Interrogative sentences (?)
Can I …? )

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 Would you like some milk?

Notes:
● Some/Any + plural nouns
Eg: There are some apples in the fridge.
There aren’t any apples in the fridge.
● Some /Any + uncountable nouns
Eg: There is some milk in the bottle.
There isn’t any milk in the bottle.

4. Comparative adjectives
Short adjectives Long adjectives Irregular adjectives
S1 + be + ADJ-ER + S1 + be + MORE + ADJ S1 + be + IRREGULAR
than + S2 + than + S2 ADJ + THAN + S2
Quiet => quieter Expensive => more Good => better
Friendly => friendlier expensive Bad => worse
Big => bigger Far => farther/ further
Safe => safer Little => less
Much/ many => more
My brother is The red car is MORE He is BETTER at Math
TALLER THAN me. EXPENSIVE THAN the THAN his friend.
blue car.

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❖ EXERCISE
I. Choose the words whose underlined part is differently pronounced from the rest.
1. A. forest B. represent C. hotel D. passenger
2. A. excite B. dirty C. quiet D. find
3. A. danger B. safety C. amuse D. populate
4. A. noisier B. legend C. enter D. amusing
5. A. builds B. imagines C. restaurants D. theaters

II. Choose the words whose stress is differently pronounced from the rest.
1. A. monument B. interesting C. comfort D. fantastic
2. A. modern B. pretty C. danger D. amusement
3. A. symbol B. building C. friendly D. hotel
4. A. district B. imagine C. excitement D. unsafe
5. A. friendliness B. representation C. modernization D. population

III. Choose the best answer in each question.

1. I’m good ______________ playing tennis.
A. at B. in C. by D. with
2. He is interested in drawing and ______________.
A. paint B. painting C. to paint D. painted
3. She is May. ______________ favorite subject is Math.
A. her B. she C. his D. him
4. My best friend is ______________ but he is living in Japan now.
A. America B. American C. Japan D. Japanese
5. In ______________ United States, all children must go to school from age five to age
sixteen.
A. the B. a C. an D. No articles
6. ______________ does your school finish?
A. When B. What time C. What D. A and B
7. My mother gives me ______________ present.
A. an B. a C. the D. No articles.
8. At a sport school, _______________ subjects like Math, English, Science and Geography.
A. there is B. there are C. it is D. they are
9. Oasis of the Seas is ____________ first ship with a park.
A. the B. an C. No articles D. a
10. If you prefer ______________, there is a library on the ship.
A. to read B. reading C. read D. reads
11. Emma thinks that the shopping center is ___________ the park.
A. more cleaner B. cleaner than C. more clean D. cleaner
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12. HCMC is __________ the south of Viet Nam.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
13. I like eating seafood _________ it is very expensive.
A. and B. but C. if D. when
14. A: Excuse me. How far is the bus station from here? – B: ____________
A. It’s about ten minutes on foot. C. It’s very near here.
B. It’s next to the park. D. Go straight and turn left.
15. There ___________ some milk and cookies in the fridge.
A. are B. is C. aren’t D. isn’t

IV. Put the correct forms of words into the blanks.

1. My sister is INTERESTED in going to the cinema at the weekend. (INTEREST)
2. In arts, you should use your IMAGINATION to draw fantastic pictures. (IMAGE)
3. The shoes are too small so the girl feels UNCOMFORTABLE. (COMFOR)
4. People in my neighborhood are very FRIENDLY (FRIEND)
5. It is UNSAFE to go out alone at night. (SAFE)
6. Every Sunday, my father always takes me to the AMUSEMENT park near my house.
(AMUSE)
7. Peter is very happy that he is a REPRESENTATIVE of his class to compete in the music
contest. (REPRESENT)
8. Pigeons are SYMBOLS of peace in the world. (SYMBOL)
9. Her uncle enjoys living DANGEROUSLY in the mountains. (DANGER)
10. I can remember the EXCITEMENT of winning the game. (EXCITE)
11. I have an IMAGINARY friend when I was a child. (IMAGE)
12. The TV show about animals is really INTERESTING. (INTEREST)
13. English is an OFFICIAL language in Singapore. (OFFICE)
14. Their FRIENDSHIP. lasts more than 40 years. (FRIEND)
15. Don’t make a NOISE because I am doing my homework. (NOISY)
Put the correct forms of verbs into the blanks.
16. My brother is interested in WATCHING TV at night. (WATCH)
17. I AM NOT /’M NOT a teacher in a primary school. (BE, NOT)
18. Mary HASN’T got any pens in her pencil case. (HAVE, NOT)
19. IS your dad tired today? (BE)
20. My sister HAS got a new laptop. (HAVE)
21. My mom and I ARE at home right now. (BE)
22. Everyone in my class IS friendly and helpful. (BE)
Everyone / Everybody / Anyone / Anybody … (singular noun)
23. ARE Mary and Lisa your best friends? (BE)

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24. My little sister prefers PLAYING with her doll. (PLAY)
25. The men standing over there AREN’T my teachers. (BE, NOT)

V. Rewrite the sentences without changing the meanings.

1. I don’t have a bookshelf in my bedroom.
There ISN’T A BOOKSHELF IN MY BEDROOM.
2. We have a cinema, a park, a supermarket and a school in our home town.
There IS A CINEMA, A PARK, A SUPERMARKET AND A SCHOOL IN OUR
HOMETOWN.
3. My favorite place in my neighborhood is the theater.
I like (GOING) THE THEATER IN MY NEIGHBORHOOD.
4. My house is bigger than Mary’s house.
Mary’s house is SMALLER THAN MY HOUSE / MINE. / ISN’T AS BIG AS MY
HOUSE / MINE.
5. This phone is cheaper than that phone.
That phone is MORE EXPENSIVE THAN THIS PHONE. / NOT AS CHEAP AS
THIS PHONE.
6. I like studying Math and Literature.
My favorite SUBJECTS ARE MATH AND LITERATURE.
7. It is interesting to play the guitar.
I am INTO / INTERESTED IN / KEEN ON / FOND OF … PLAYING THE
GUITAR.
8. He is Canadian.
He comes FROM CANADA.
9. Where do you live?
What is YOUR ADDRESS?
10. How old are you?
What is YOUR AGE?

VI. Rearrange words to make suitable sentences

1. than/ work/ 2000 people/ the ship/ on/ More/./
More than 2000 people work on the ship.
2. a five-star/ with fantastic/ Imagine/ comfortable rooms/ hotel/ food and/./

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 Imagine a five-star hotel with fantastic food and comfortable rooms.
3. and the/ really friendly/ It’s/ people are/ very modern/./
It’s very modern and the people are really friendly.
4. and buildings/ There are/ shopping malls/ amusement parks,/ many good/./
There are many good amusement parks, shopping malls and buildings.
5. the legend/ are/ symbols in/ There/ some/./
There are some symbols in the legend.
6. worse/ The weather today/ than/ yesterday/ it was/ is/./
The weather today is worse than it was yesterday.
7. eat/ in the ship’s/ They/ and restaurants/ a lot of food/ twenty cafes/./
They eat a lot of food in the ship’s twenty cafes and restaurants.
8. far/ is/ how/ from/ the/ center/ here/ shopping/?/
How far is the shopping center from here?

VII. Read and choose the correct answer for each of the gaps to complete the following text.
Oak City
Oak City is a fantastic place to live. There is so (1) __________ to do! You can find cinemas, parks,
and lively discos. The city boasts a variety of chic clothing stores and music shops (2) __________.
Oak City is remarkably modern and aesthetically pleasing. There aren’t any (3) __________
buildings, and the city is surrounded by stunning (4) __________. The streets are clean and well-
maintained, and you'll often see greenery in every corner, from tree-lined avenues to colorful
flowerbeds. Additionally, the city has a wonderful selection of restaurants and cafes, where you
can find cuisine from all over the world, making it an ideal destination for food lovers.

Is there any pollution in Oak City? Fortunately, pollution levels are minimal (5) __________ there
isn’t much traffic. Most residents travel (6) __________ bike or simply walk, resulting in very few
accidents. The city has also implemented several environmentally-friendly policies, such as
recycling programs and energy-efficient public transportation systems. There are numerous (7)
__________ for outdoor enthusiasts, including walking trails, sports facilities, and community
gardens. People here are friendly and welcoming, and the city is known for its vibrant cultural
events, like street festivals and music performances, that happen (8) __________ throughout the
year. Moreover, the local government prioritizes (9) __________ initiatives, ensuring the city
remains clean and green, while also promoting arts and creativity (10) __________ supporting
local artists and performers.

1. A. much B. many C. some D. any

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 2. A. neither B. either C. too D. so
3. A. beautiful B. unattractive C. pretty D. delightful
4. A. scenery B. landscapes C. view D. surroundings
5. A. so B. because C. although D. if
6. A. on B. in C. with D. by
7. A. advantages B. opportunities C. incidents D. effects
8. A. frequently B. rarely C. occasionally D. constantly
9. A. sustainability B. construction C. development D. pollution
10. A. by B. from C. through D. for

VIII. Read the letter and choose True / False for each question
Passage 1: Describing a Neighborhood
My neighborhood is lively and vibrant. It’s a place where people know each other and look out
for one another. There are many small shops lining the streets, offering everything from groceries
to clothes. Every morning, the aroma of fresh bread from the bakery fills the air, and you can hear
children laughing as they walk to school. In the evenings, families gather in the local park, where
there's always a game of soccer or a couple of kids playing on the swings. On weekends, there is
a small market that comes alive with local vendors selling fresh produce, handmade crafts, and
delicious snacks. Life in my neighborhood is always bustling, yet there's a warm sense of
community that makes it feel like home.
True/False Statements:
1. The neighborhood is quiet and people do not know each other. FALSE
2. Fresh bread from the bakery can be smelled every morning. TRUE
3. Children walk quietly to school without any noise. FALSE
4. In the evenings, families enjoy time together at the local park. TRUE
5. The weekend market sells only handmade crafts. FALSE
Passage 2: Talking About Hanoi
Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, is known for its rich culture and history. The city is
characterized by its bustling streets, lined with motorbikes, street food vendors, and beautiful
French colonial buildings. In the Old Quarter, you can find narrow streets full of small shops
selling everything from local food to souvenirs. One of the most famous places to visit is Hoan
Kiem Lake, a peaceful lake located in the center of the city. Many people come here in the early
morning to exercise or simply enjoy the fresh air. Hanoi is also famous for its traditional cuisine,
such as pho and bun cha, which are popular with both locals and tourists. The combination of
modernity and tradition gives Hanoi a unique charm.
True/False Statements:
1. Hanoi is known for its quiet and empty streets. FALSE
2. Hoan Kiem Lake is located on the outskirts of Hanoi. FALSE
3. The Old Quarter is known for its large modern shopping malls. FALSE
4. People visit Hoan Kiem Lake early in the morning to exercise. TRUE

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 5. Pho and bun cha are traditional dishes in Hanoi. TRUE

Passage 3: Le Hong Phong School

Le Hong Phong School is one of the most prestigious high schools in Vietnam. Founded many
decades ago, it has a strong tradition of academic excellence and discipline. The school is known
for its spacious campus, with green trees and open fields providing a pleasant environment for
studying. The classrooms are well-equipped with modern facilities, and the teachers are highly
qualified, committed to helping students reach their full potential. Students at Le Hong Phong
participate in a variety of activities, from science competitions to cultural events, which help
them develop a well-rounded set of skills. Many of its alumni have gone on to become successful
professionals in various fields, contributing to society and making the school proud.
True/False Statements:
1. Le Hong Phong School is one of the oldest colleges in Vietnam. FALSE
2. The school's campus is described as spacious with green trees and open fields.
TRUE
3. The teachers at Le Hong Phong School are not very qualified. FALSE
4. Students only focus on academics and do not engage in extracurricular activities.
TRUE
5. Many former students of Le Hong Phong have become successful professionals.
TRUE

--- THE END---

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