CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
Gharuan, Mohali
Institute/Department: University Institute of Engineering
Division: Aerospace Engineering
Subject Name: Aero Thermodynamics
Subject Code: 24AST - 202
Assignment No.:3
Max. Marks: 10
Date of Allotment: 8/10/2025
Last date of Submission: 6/11/2025
Questions:
Sr. No. Question CO
Number
A simple turbojet is operating with a compressor pressure ratio of 12, and
turbine inlet temperature of 1300K and a mass flow of 15Kg/s, when the
aircraft is flying at a Mach No. 0.8 at an altitude of 9000m. Assuming the
following component efficiencies and ISA conditions Pa =0.308 bar and
Ta=279K. Calculate the propelling nozzle area required, net thrust developed
and SFC.
1. Isentropic efficiency of compressor and turbine = 0.85 CO4
Isentropic efficiency of intake = 0.95
Isentropic efficiency of propelling nozzle = 0.95
Transmission efficiency = 0.99
Combustion chamber pressure loss = 6% of compressor delivery pressure.
Combustion efficiency = 0.98
C.V. = 43MJ/kg
The interior of refrigerator having inside dimensions of 0.5m x 0.5 m base
area and 1 m height is to be maintained at 6oC. The walls of refrigerator are
constructed of two mild steel sheets 3 mm thick (k = 46.3 W/m -oC) with 50
mm of glass wool insulation (k = 0.046 W/m - oC) between them. If the
2. average heat transfer coefficient at the inner and outer surface are 11.6 W/m2 - CO5
o
C and 14.5 W/m2 -oC respectively. Calculate (i) the rate at which heat must
be removed from the interior to maintain the specified temperature in the
kitchen at 25oC (ii) temperature on the outer surface of metal sheet.
Hot air at temperature of 65oC is flowing through a steel pipe of 120 mm
diameter. The pipe is covered with two layers of different insulating materials
of thickness 60 mm and 40 mm and their corresponding thermal
3. conductivities are 0.24 and 0.4 W/m -oC. The inside and outside heat transfer CO5
coefficient are 60 and 12 W/m2 -oC. The atmosphere is at 20oC. Find the rate
of heat loss from 60 m length pipe.
A spherical shaped vessel of 1.4 m diameter is 90 mm thick. Find the rate of
heat leakage, if the temperature difference between the inner and outer surface
4 CO5
is 22oC. Thermal conductivity of material of sphere is 0.083 W/m -oC.
Water flows inside a tube 45 mm in diameter and 3.2 m long at a velocity of
0.78 m/s. Determine the heat transfer coefficient and the rate of heat transfer
5 if the mean water temperature is 50oC and the wall is isothermal at 70oC. for CO5
water at 50oC take k = 0.66 W/m -oC, ν = 0.478 x10-6 m2/s and Prandtl
number 2.98.
The flow rates of hot and cold water streams running through a parallel flow
heat exchanger are 0.2 kg/s and 0.5 kg/s respectively. The inlet temperature on
6 the hot and cold sides is 75oC and 20oC respectively. The exit temperature of CO5
hot water is 45oC. If the individual heat transfer coefficient on both sides are
650 W/m -oC. Calculate the area of heat exchanger.
In a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger water is heated from 25oC to
65oC by an oil with a specific heat of 1.45 kJ/kg-K and mass flow rate of 0.9
7 kg/s. the oil is cooled from 230oC to 160oC. If overall heat transfer coefficient CO5
is 420 W/m2 -oC. Calculate the following (i) the rate of heat transfer (ii)the
mass flow rate of water (iii) the surface area of heat exchanger.
The effective temperature of body having an area of 0.12 m3 is 527oC,
8 calculate (i) total rate of energy emission (ii) intensity of normal radiation (iii) CO5
wavelength of maximum monochromatic power.
A long steel rod of 22 mm in diameter is to be heated from 420oC to 540oC. It
is placed concentrically in a long cylindrical furnace which has an inside
diameter of 180 mm. The inner surface of furnace is at a temperature of
9 CO5
1100oC and has an emissivity of 0.82. If the surface of the rod has an
emissivity of 0.62. Find the time required for heat operation. Take for steel C
= 0.67 kJ/kg-K, ρ = 7845 kg/m3.
The large parallel planes with emissivities 0.3 & 0.6 exchanges heat. Find the
10 percentage reduction when a polished aluminum shield of emissivity 0.04 is CO5
placed between them. Use method of electrical analogy.
Heat conducted through a compound plate composed of two parallel plates of
different materials „A‟ and „B‟ of conductivities 132 W/m-K and 59 W/m-K
11 of thickness 35 and 40 mm respectively if the temperature of outer faces of the CO5
slab „A‟ and that of „B‟ are found to be steady at 95oC and 8oC respectively.
Find the temperature of inner face A/B.
Estimate the net radiant exchanger per square meter for two very large planes
12 at temperature 560oC and 300oC respectively. Assume that emissivities of hot CO5
and cold planes are 0.8 and 0.6 respectively.
Calculate the heat flowing through a furnace wall 0.23 m thick the inside and
13 CO5
outside surface temperatures of which are 1000 and 200 respectively.
Assume that the mean thermal conductivity of the wall material is 1.1W/mK.
Assuming that 7mm of insulation (k=0.075 W/mK) is added to the outside
surface temperature of the wall. If the cost of the insulation is Rs. 70 per sq m.
what time will be required to pay for the insulation? Base the calculation on
the 24 hours operation per day and 199 days per year. Heat energy may be
valued at Rs.10 per 1000 kWh.
A turbojet engine flying at an altitude receives air at 0.6 bar and 255 K and it
is compressed through a compression ratio of 8 with an isentropic efficiency
of 80%. Fuel with heating value of 40 MJ/kg is used to raise the temperature
to 1200 K before entering the turbine with isentropic efficiency of 95%. The
14 CO4
mechanical transmission efficiency is 97%. A convergent nozzle with an exit
area of 0.5 m2 is used to produce a gas jet. Determine the jet velocity, thrust
and specific fuel consumption.
A steel tube k =43.26 W/mK of 5.08 cm ID and 7.62 OD is covered with 2.54
cm asbestos insulation k = 0.208 W/mK. The inside surface of tube receives
heat by convection from hot gas at a temperature of 316 with heat transfer
2
coefficient of 284 W/m K while the outer surface of insulation is exposed to
15 CO5
atmosphere air at 38 with heat transfer coefficient of 17 W/m2K.
Calculate heat loss to atmosphere for 3 m length of the tube and temperature
drop across each layer.
An aircraft flies at 90 km/hr. One of its turbojet engines takes in 40 kg/s of
air and expands the gases to the ambient pressure. The air – fuel ratio is 50
and the lower calorific value of fuel is 43 MJ/kg. For maximum thrust power,
16 CO4
determine: jet velocity, thrust, specific thrust, thrust power, propulsive and
thermal efficiencies.
A cold storage room has walls made of 0.23 m of bricks on the outside, 0.08
m of plastic foam and finally 15 mm of wood on the inside. The outside and
inside air temperatures are 22 and – 2 respectively. If the inside and
17 outside heat transfer coefficients are 29 and 12 W/m2K and thermal CO5
conductivities of brick foam and wood are 0.98, 0.02 and 0.17 W/mK
respectively. Determine (i) the rate of heat removal by refrigeration if the total
wall area is 90 m2 and (ii) the temperature of inside surface of the brick.
The following data apply to a twin spool turbofan engine, with the fan driven
18 CO4
by the LP turbine and the compressor by the HP turbine. Separate cold and
hot nozzles are used:
Overall pressure ratio =25 ; By pass ratio = 5;
Fan pressure ratio =1.65 ;Turbine inlet temperature = 1550 K.
Fan, compressor and turbine Polytropic efficiency = 90%
Isentropic efficiency of each propelling nozzle = 95%
Mechanical efficiency of catch spool = 99%
Combustion pressure loss = 1.50bar
Combustion efficiency = 99%
Total air mass flow =215 kg/s.
It is required to find the thrust and SFC under sea level static conditions
.Where the ambient pressure and temperature are 1.0 bar and 288 K.
A turbojet engine propels an aircraft at a mach number of 0.8 in level flight at
an altitude of 10km. the data for the engine is given below;
Stagnation temperature at the turbine inlet = 1200 K
Stagnation temperature rise through the compressor = 175 K
Calorific value of the fuel = 43 MJ/Kg.
Compressor efficiency = 75%
Combustion chamber efficiency = 97.5%
19 CO4
Turbine efficiency = 81%
Mechanical efficiency of the power transmission between = 98%
Turbine, compressor & Exhaust nozzle efficiency = 97%
Specific impulse = 25s
Assuming the same properties for air and combustion gases. Calculate, (a)
compressor pressure ration, (b) fuel-air ratio, (c) turbine pressure
ratio,(d) exhaust nozzle pressure ratio and (e) Mach number of exhaust jet.
