CROP-GROWING SKYSCRAPERS
Questions 1-7
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
1. Some food plants, including …… tomatoes……….. are already grown
indoors.
2. Vertical farms would be located in ………urban centres………..,
meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to
customers.
3. Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce
……energy……
4. The consumption of ………fossil fuel……….. would be cut because
agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.
5. The fact that vertical farms would need ………artificial……….. light
is a disadvantage.
6. One form of vertical farming involves planting in ……stacked
trays……which are not fixed
7. The most probable development is that food will be grown on
…………urban rooftops…….. in towns and cities.
Questions 8-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 182?
In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
8. Methods for predicting the Earth’s population have recently changed.
Not Given
9. Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-
producing land.
True
10. The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season.
False
11. Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.
True
12. Fertilisers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.
False
13. Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by
infectious diseases.
True
THE FALKIRK WHEEL
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the
Reading Passage?
In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
13. The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth & Clyde Canal with the
Union Canal for the first time in their history.
False
15. There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.
NG
16. The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its
components were manufactured.
False
17. The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel
sections bolted together by hand.
NG
18. The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of boat being
carried.
True ----> False
19. The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the
presence of a nearby ancient monument.
True
Questions 20-26
Label the diagram below.
Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.
20. Gates 24. Aqueduct
21. Clamp 25. Wall
22. Axle 26. Locks
23. Cogs
REDUCING THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Questions 27-29
Reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-H
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.
27. mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural
phenomenon
D
28. an example of a successful use of geo-engineering
B
29. a common definition of geo-engineering
Questions 30-36
Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer. Write your
answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.
Questions 37-40
Look at the following statements (Questions 37-40) and the list of
scientists below.
Match each statement with the correct scientist, A-D.
Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
List of Scientists
A. Roger Angel
B. Phil Rasch
C. Dan Lunt
D. Martin Sommerkorn
37. The effects of geo-engineering may not be long-lasting.B
38. Geo-engineering is a topic worth exploring.D
39. It may be necessary to limit the effectiveness of geo-engineering
projects.C
40. Research into non-fossil-based fuels cannot be replaced by geo-
engineering.A
RAISING THE MARY ROSE
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 188?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. There is some doubt about what caused the Mary Rose to sink
T
2. The Mary Rose was the only ship to sink in the battle of 19 July 1545
NG
3. Most of one side of the Mary Rose lay undamaged under the sea.
T
4. Alexander McKee Knew that the wreck would contain many valuable
historical objects.
F
Questions 5-8
Look at the following statement (Questions 5-8) and the list of dates
below. Match each statement with the correct date, A-G
5. A search for the Mary Rose was launched. C
6. One person’s exploration of the Mary Rose site stopped F
7. It was agreed that the hull of the Mary Rose should be raised.G
8. The site of the Mary Rose was found by chance.A
List of Dates
A 1836 E 1971
B 1840 F 1979
C 1965 G 1982
D 1967
Questions 9-13
Label the diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
Raising the hull of the Mary Rose: Stages one and two
WHAT DESTROYED THE CIVILISATION OF EASTER ISLAND
Questions 14-20
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings
below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Evidence of innovative environment management practices
ii An undisputed answer to a question about the moai
iii The future of the moai statues
iv A theory which supports a local belief
v The future of Easter Island
vi Two opposing views about the Rapanui people
vii Destruction outside the inhabitants’ control
viii How the statues made a situation worse
ix Diminishing food resources
14 Paragraph A ii 18 Paragraph E iv
15 Paragraph B ix 19 Paragraph F vii
16 Paragraph C viii 20 Paragraph G vi
17 Paragraph D i
Questions 21-24
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.
Jared Diamond’s View
Diamond believes that the Polynesian settlers on Rapa Nui destroyed its
forests, cutting down its trees for fuel and clearing land
for 21 ........farming....... Twentieth-century discoveries of pollen prove
that Rapu Nui had once been covered in palm forests, which had turned
into grassland by the time the Europeans arrived on the island. When the
islanders were no longer able to build the 22 ......canoes.... they needed to
go fishing, they began using the island’s 23 ........birds....... as a food
source, according to Diamond. Diamond also claims that the moai were
built to show the power of the island’s chieftains, and that the methods of
transporting the statues needed not only a great number of people, but
also a great deal of 24 .........wood.......... .
Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.
On what points do Hunt and Lipo disagree with Diamond?
A. the period when the moai were created
B. how the moai were transported
C. the impact of the moai on Rapanui society
D. how the moai were carved
E. the origins of the people who made the moai
NEUROAESTHETICS
Questions 27-30
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.
27. In the second paragraph, the writer refers to a shape- matching
test in order to illustrate
A the subjective nature of art appreciation.
B the reliance of modern art on abstract forms.
C our tendency to be influenced by the opinions of others.
D a common problem encountered when processing visual data.
28. Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people
A mostly favour works of art which they know well.
B hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
C are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
D have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
29. Results of studies involving Robert Pepperell’s pieces suggest
that people
A can appreciate a painting without fully understanding it.
B find it satisfying to work out what a painting represents.
C vary widely in the time they spend looking at paintings.
D generally prefer representational art to abstract art.
30. What do the experiments described in the fifth paragraph
suggest about the paintings of Mondrian?
A They are more carefully put together than they appear.
B They can be interpreted in a number of different ways.
C They challenge our assumptions about shape and colour.
D They are easier to appreciate than many other abstract works.
Questions 31-33
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.
Write the correct letters, A-H, in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.
Art and the Brain
The discipline of neuroaesthetics aims to bring scientific objectivity to the
study of art. Neurological studies of the brain, for example, demonstrate
the impact which Impressionist paintings have on
our 31 ..........emotions...... Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool
believes many artists give their works the precise degree
of 32 ......complexity.... which most appeals to the viewer’s brain. She
also observes that pleasing works of art often contain certain
repeated 33 ......images....... which occur frequently in the natural world.
A. interpretation B. complexity C. emotions
D. movements E. skill F. layout
G. concern H. images
Questions 34-39
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading
Passage 190?
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
34. Forsythe’s findings contradicted previous beliefs on the function of
‘fractals’ in art. NG
35. Certain ideas regarding the link between ‘mirror neurons’ and art
appreciation require further verification. Y
36. People’s taste in paintings depends entirely on the current artistic
trends of the period. N
37. Scientists should seek to define the precise rules which govern
people’s reactions to works of art. N
38. Art appreciation should always involve taking into consideration the
cultural context in which an artist worked. Y
39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in that of art.
NG
Question 40
Choose the correct letter; A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.
40. What would be the most appropriate subtitle for the article?
A. Some scientific insights into how the brain responds to abstract
art
B. Recent studies focusing on the neural activity of abstract artists
C. A comparison of the neurological bases of abstract and
representational art
D. How brain research has altered public opinion about abstract art
THE STORY OF SILK
Questions 1-9
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet.
Early silk production in China
• Around 3000 BC, according to legend:
- silkworm cocoon fell into emperor’s wife’s 1 .........tea......
- emperor’s wife invented a 2 .........reel........ to pull out silk fibres
• Only 3 .......women....... were allowed to produce silk
• Only 4 ........royalty...... were allowed to wear silk
• Silk used as a form of 5 .........currency.........
- e.g. farmers’ taxes consisted partly of silk
• Silk used for many purposes
- e.g. evidence found of 6 ........paper........ made from silk around 168
AD
Silk reaches rest of world
• Merchants use Silk Road to take silk westward and bring back
7 ...........wool..... and precious metals
• 550 AD: 8 .........monks........ hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them
to Constantinople
• Silk production spreads across Middle East and Europe
• 20th century: 9 .......nylon.......... and other manmade fibres cause
decline in silk
Questions 10-13
Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading
Passage 194? In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
10. Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk Road.
F
11. Most tradesmen only went along certain sections of the Silk Road.
T
12.. The Byzantines spread the practice of silk production across the
West.
F
13. Silk yarn makes up the majority of silk currently exported from China
NG
GREAT MIGRATIONS
Questions 14-18
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 2?
In boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
14. Local gulls and migrating arctic terns behave in the same way when
offered food.
F
15. Experts’ definitions of migration tend to vary according to their area
of study.
T
16. Very few experts agree that the movement of aphids can be
considered migration.
NG
17. Aphids’ journeys are affected by changes in the light that they
perceive.
T
18. Dingle's aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of
different species.
Questions 19-22
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G. in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet
19. According to Dingle, migratory routes are likely to G
20. To prepare for migration, animals are likely to C
21. During migration, animals are unlikely to A
22. Arctic terns illustrate migrating animals’ ability to E
A. be discouraged by difficulties.
B. travel on open land where they can look out for predators.
C. eat more than they need for immediate purposes.
D. be repeated daily.
E. ignore distractions.
F. be governed by the availability of water.
G. follow a straight line.
Questions 23-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
The migration of pronghorns
Pronghorns rely on their eyesight and 23 .......speed..... to avoid predators.
One particular population’s summer habitat is a national park, and their
winter home is on the 24 ......plains......... where they go to avoid the
danger presented by the snow at that time of year. However, their route
between these two areas contains three 25 .......bottlenecks..... . One
problem is the construction of new homes in a
narrow 26 .......corridor....... of land on the pronghorns’ route.
PREFACE TO ‘HOW THE OTHER HALF THINKS
ADVENTURES IN MATHEMATICAL REASONING’
Questions 27-34
Reading Passage 196 has seven sections, A-G. Which section contains
the following information?
Write the correct letter, A— G, in boxes 27 — 34 on your answer sheet.
NB. You may use any letter more than once.
27. a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge
D
28. the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics
B
29. personal examples of being helped by mathematics
G
30. examples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatible
C
31. mention of different focuses of books about mathematics
B
32. a contrast between reading this book and reading other kinds of
publication
E
33. a claim that the whole of the book is accessible to everybody
A
34. a reference to different categories of intended readers of this book
Questions 35-40
Complete the sentences below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the
passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 35- 40 on your answer sheet.
35. Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone
who is a .......beginner.....…
36. It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using
no more than a limited knowledge of ..arithmetic…
37. The writer intends to show that mathematics
requires ........intuitive........ thinking, as well as analytical skills.
38. Some books written by .......scientists........... have had to leave out the
mathematics that is central to their theories.
39. The writer advises non-mathematical readers to perform …
experiments… while reading
40. A lawyer found that studying .........theorems....... helped even more
than other areas of mathematics in the study of law.
TWINS RESEARCH
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 1?
In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. There may be genetic causes for the differences in how young the skin
of identical twins looks. F
2. Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-tw
ins. NG
3. Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated
at birth. NG
4. Epigenetic processes are different from both genetic and environmental
processes.T
Questions 5-9
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B or C.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of Researchers
A. Francis Galton
B. Thomas Bouchard
C. Danielie Reed
5. invented a term used to distinguish two factors affecting human
characteristics A
6. expressed the view that the study of epigenetics will increase our
knowledge C
7. developed a mathematical method of measuring genetic influences B
8. pioneered research into genetics using twins A
9. carried out research into twins who had lived apart B
Questions 10-13
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
Epigenetic processes
In epigenetic processes, 10 .........D........ influence the activity of our
genes, for example in creating our internal 11 .........B........... . The study
of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in which our genes can be
affected by our 12 ..........E.......... . One example is that if a pregnant rat
suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in
its 13 ...........F........ .
A. nurture D. chemicals
B. organs E. environment
C. code F. behaviour
AN INTRODUCTION TO FILM SOUND
Questions 14-18
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D
Write the correct letter in boxes 14—18 on your answer sheet.
14. In the first paragraph, the writer makes a point that
A) the director should plan the sound track at an early stage in filming.
B) it would be wrong to overlook the contribution of sound to the
artistry of films.
C) the music industry can have a beneficial influence on sound in film.
D) it is important for those working on the sound in a film to have sole
responsibility for it.
15. One reason that the writer refers to Humphrey Bogart is to
exemplify
A) the importance of the actor and the character appearing to have
similar personalities.
B) the audience’s wish that actors are visually appropriate for their
roles.
C) the value of the actor having had similar feelings to the character.
D) the audience’s preference for dialogue to be as authentic as possible.
16. In the third paragraph, the writer suggests that
A) audiences are likely to be critical of film dialogue that does not
reflect their own experience.
B) film dialogue that appears to be dull may have a specific
purpose.
C) filmmakers vary considerably in the skill with which they handle
dialogue.
D) the most successful films are those with dialogue of high quality.
17. What does the writer suggest about Bringing Up
A) The plot suffers from the filmmaker’s wish to focus on humorous
dialogue.
B) The dialogue helps to make it one of the best comedy films ever
produced.
C) There is a mismatch between the speed of the dialogue and the speed
of actions.
D) The nature of the dialogue emphasises key elements of the film.
18. The writer refers to the ‘click’ of a door to make the point that
realistic sounds
A) are often used to give the audience a false impression of events in
the film.
B) may be interpreted in different ways by different members of the
audience.
C) may be modified in order to manipulate the audience’s response
to the film.
D) tend to be more significant in films presenting realistic situations.
Questions 19-23
In boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
19. Audiences are likely to be surprised if a film lacks background music.
T
20. Background music may anticipate a development in a film. T
21. Background music has more effect on some people than on others.
NG
22. Background music may help the audience to make certain
connections within the film. T
23. Audiences tend to be aware of how the background music is affecting
them. F
Questions 24-26
Complete each sentence with the correct, below.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.
24. The audience’s response to different parts of a film can be controlled
C
25. The feelings and motivations of characters become clear A
26. A character seems to be a real person rather than an actor E
A. when the audience listens to the dialogue.
B. if the film reflects the audience’s own concerns.
C. if voice, sound and music are combined appropriately.
D. when the director is aware of how the audience will respond.
E. when the actor's appearance, voice and moves are consistent with each
other.
THIS MARVELLOUS INVENTION
Questions 27-32
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings
below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 21-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. Differences between languages highlight their impressiveness
ii. The way in which a few sounds are organised to convey a huge range
of meaning
iii. Why the sounds used in different languages are not identical
iv. Apparently incompatible characteristics of language
v. Even silence can be meaningful
vi. Why language is the most important invention of all
vii. The universal ability to use language
27. Paragraph A vi
28. Paragraph B iv
29. Paragraph C ii
30. Paragraph D vii
31. Paragraph E i
32. Paragraph F v
Questions 33-36
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.
The importance of language
The wheel is one invention that has had a major impact on 33……E……
aspects of life, but no impacts has been as 34…G… as that language.
Language is very 35……B…….., yet composed of just a small number of
sounds. Language appears to be 36 …F…. to use. However, its
sophistication is often overlooked.
A difficult C original
B complex D admired
E material F easy
G fundamental
Questions 37-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading
Passage 202?
In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
37. Human beings might have achieved their present position without
language.
N
38. The Port-Royal grammarians did justice to the nature of language.
Y
39. A complex idea can be explained more clearly in a sentence than in a
single word.
NG
40. The Sumerians were responsible for starting the recording of events.
