Lesson 1: Communication: Verbal or Non Verbal

COMMUNICATION
●​ It is defined as the process of sharing and understanding meaning (Pearson & Nelson,
2000).

●​ It focuses on how people use messages to generate meanings within and across various
contexts.

COMMUNICATION: Intended or Unintended

INTENDED COMMUNICATION
●​ Intended communication encompasses all the deliberate words, actions, visual support,
etc. that we consciously choose to include in any particular communication.
●​ It is consciously initiated and designed to convey a specific message or meaning
●​ It is what we are actively doing or adding to the message and the deliberate intention of
the message itself.

UNINTENDED COMMUNICATION
●​ It is not consciously initiated, but rather occurs as a by product of other actions or
events.
●​ Unintentional communication can refer to nonverbal cues, such as body language or
facial expressions, that convey a message without the use of words.
●​ It can also refer to verbal communication that is unintentionally communicated

COMMUNICATION: Verbal or Nonverbal

VERBAL COMMUNICATION
●​ It involves an exchange of information through face-to-face, audio and/or video call or
conferencing, lectures, meetings, radio, and television.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

●​ Non-Verbal Communication involves the use of the following to convey or emphasize a
message or information:

1. Voice - This includes the tone, speech rate, pitch, pauses and volume.

2. Body Language - This includes facial expressions gestures, postures, and eye contact.

3. Personal space or distance - this refers to the area of space and distance that a person from
a different culture, personality, age, sex and status adopts and puts for another person.
4. Personal Appearance - this refers to how a person presents himself/herself to a particular
situation, whether formal or informal.

COMMUNICATION: Written or Visual

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Written communication involves texts or words encoded and transmitted through memos,
letters, reports, online chat, short message service (SMS), electronic mail (e-mail), journals and
other written documents.

VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Visuals involve the use of images, graphs, charts, logos, and maps.

PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION

Purpose, along with other communication variables, helps you as a communicator to determine
content.

1. TO INFORM
✓ An informative message in the workplace is simply the sharing of meaningful information
between people in an unbiased and professional manner.
✓ It may be brief and to-the-point, or lengthier, intended to help an audience understand a topic
or issue, more clearly.

2. TO INSTRUCT
✓ It takes informative communications one step further, with the goal of enabling your audience
to do something, to understand and apply a concept or procedure.
✓ It is critical to build in some feedback mechanism to make sure your audience understands
fully so that they can apply concepts or procedures appropriately.

3. TO REQUEST
✓ It is a communication that requests any type of information-an update, receiver's background,
a refund...
✓ It often needs to explain why that information is being requested.
✓ If your audience understands the context for the request, they may be more likely to provide
the information or outcome that you desire.

4. TO PERSUADE
✓ If your purpose is to persuade, you want your audience to understand the value to them in
what you're proposing, and therefore act.
✓ In order to succeed at persuasion, you must generally give good reasons for the person you
are communicating with to do or believe what you intend.

5. TO EXPRESS
✓ It is a communication use to express feelings, emotion, thoughts and opinion
✓ It can be formal, informal, casual or intimate.

Lesson 2: Elements of Communication

1. SOURCE/SENDER
❖The source imagines, creates, and sends the
message.
❖The person who intends to convey the
message with the intention of passing
information and ideas to others
2. RECEIVER
❖The receiver is the recipient of the message
and must translate the words into thoughts,
process the thoughts, and determine how to
respond to the sender.

COMMUNICATOR
SENDS VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

ENCODING:
PUTTING A MESSAGE TOGETHER
RECEIVES VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

RECIEVES
VERBAL AND NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

DECODING:
TAKING A MESSAGE APART AND ASSIGNING IT MEANING.

3. MESSAGE/IDEA
❖ This is the subject matter of the communication.
❖ This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.

CHANNEL:
❖HOW INFORMATION IS SENT FROM ONE COMMUNICATOR TO OTHERS
❖THE CHANNEL IS INFLUENCIAL (IT CAN ALTER INTENDED MEANING)

5. BARRIER/INTERFERENCE/NOISE
❖It is something that prevents from correctly getting and accepting the messages others use to
communicate their information, thoughts and ideas.

FEEDBACK
(COMMUNICATION RECEIVED IN RESPONSE TO THE MESSAGES A COMMUNICATOR
SENDS TO OTHERS)

WE PAY ATTENTION TO HOW PEOPLE REACT TO BOTH HOW AND WHAT WE

COMMUNICATE

WE CAN ALTER OUR MESSAGES TO BE MORE CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD OR TO FIT THE

INTENDED PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATING

7. CONTEXT
❖It is another way of taking into consideration the setting of communication.

Example:

What is going through the other person's mind when you show up? What is the environment
like? Is it noisy? Are there other people standing around?

What cultural factors should be considered?

Are there notes or helpful information of the person whom you will be having communication?

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
1.​ Idea Formation
2.​ Encoding
3.​ Message Transmisslenty
4.​ Decoding
5.​ Feedback

1. IDEA FORMATION
✓ The communication process begins when the sender has an idea to be communicated.
✓ The sender must begin by clarifying the idea and purpose. What exactly does the sender
want to achieve? How is the message likely to be perceived? Knowing this information provides
a higher chance of successful communication.

2. ENCODING
✓ The idea must be encoded into words, symbols, and gestures that will convey meaning.
Because no two people interpret information in the exact same way, the sender must be careful
to choose words, symbols and gestures that are commonly understood to reduce the chances
of misunderstanding.
✓ Therefore, a sender must be aware of the receiver's communication skills, attitudes, skills,
experiences, and culture to ensure clear communication.
3. MESSAGE TRANSMISSION
❖ Choosing the medium to transmit the message is the next step in the communication
process.
❖Messages can be transmitted in a verbal, written, or visual manner.
❖For clear communication to occur, the medium and message must match

4. DECODING
❖When the message reaches the receiver, the message must be decoded into its intended
meaning.
❖Therefore, the receiver must translate the words, symbols, and gestures as the sender
intended.
❖Because no two people interpret information in the exact same way, incorrectly decoding a
message can lead to misunderstanding.

5. FEEDBACK
❖Feedback occurs the sender and receiver check to ensure the message was understood as
intended.
❖Feedback is a shared responsibility between the sender and the receiver and can be verbal or
non-verbal.

Lesson 3: Ethics of Communication

The Key Concepts Ethics of Communication

ETHICS- Analyzing what is right and wrong. what is good and bad

COMMUNICATION- Process of sending and receiving messages

ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION- One's morals affecting one's behavior and communication

❖ Communication ethics is the principle governing communication - the right and wrong
aspects of it and the moral and immoral dimensions relevant to interpersonal communication.

Effective Communicators observe ethics.

This means that they deal with values, righteousness, and behavior appropriate for human
communication particularly in multicultural situations.

PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION

1. Adhere to the Golden role or Platinum role.
2. Ensure honesty and transparency.
3. Respect diversity of perspective
4. Respect confidentiality and privacy.
5. Promote access to communication
6. Consider the feelings of the receiver.
7. Be open-minded.
8. Develop your sense of accountability.

7 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

Clarity
Conciseness
Credibility
Completeness
Correctness
Coherence
Continuity

Lesson 4: Globalization and Communication

❖ It is a process of integration and interaction among the people, companies, and governments
of different nations.
❖It is a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information
technology.
❖It is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more
connected and interdependent place.

For example the United States of America (General Electric, Chevron, Starbucks, and
McDonalds), Japan (Toyota and Honda) and the Philippines (Jollibee and Bench) have local
companies that have expanded overseas and have become transnational and multinational.

CULTURAL BARRIER
1. Ethnocentrism
2. Lack of knowledge of other's culture
3. Discrimination and harassment
4. Language differences

STRATEGIES TO BECOME A GLOBAL COMMUNICATOR

1. Cultural Relativism
2. Review communication ethics and principle
3. Get to know the message receiver
4. Be open in accepting other culture
5. Consider language needs