WOODEN FORMWORK FOR PLATFORM and/or FALSE BRIDGE

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If it is about executing a formwork for a false bridge, the weight of the slab and the upper formwork is considered.
about the platform, in this case we consider a formwork for a false bridge.
It is desired to formwork a reinforced concrete slab located 6.0 m above the ground surface:

Slab
Right Foot
3.0 m

Platform Right Foot

6.0 3.0 m

4.0

4.0

6.0 m

Data:
Wood to be used in the formwork, Class I screw (frame n° 1)
False Bridge and/or Platform Width (m) A= 8.0
Length of False Bridge and/or Platform (m) L= 6.0
Total height (m) h= 6.0
Density of screw wood (Kg/m3) dmt = 450.0

Top Formwork

Weight of concrete (Kg/m3) Pc = 2400

Slab thickness (m) ec = 0.30
Height of an upper right foot (m) hpds = 3.0
Weight of a right foot (Kg) = 4" * 4" * height * density pd = 13.5
Spacing between upper vertical supports (m) epds = 1.0

Weight of Slab and Formwork for Slab

Slab (Kg/m2) : Pc * ec 720

Encofrado (Kg/m2) : Piso + verticales 22.5
Pie derecho (Kg/m2) : 13.5

For the case of False Bridge, we consider this weight.

live load ( Kg/m2 ) 756

False Bridge

The system to be used in this construction is of column (vertical post) and beam, in which there are 9 columns.
5 main beams and 11 joists in another direction with a separation of 0.60 m, immediately above
Will the floor be or boarded?
2.0 2.0
c1 c2 c3
v2
0.6 m
v4

6.0 m c6 a c5 b c4 v6

v8
L1= 3.0
v10
c9 c c8 d c7
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
1.0 1.0
8.0 m
 WOODEN FORMWORK FOR PLATFORM and/or FALSE BRIDGE
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Lower Formwork (False Bridge and/or Platform)

Wood to be used in the formwork, Screw class I (table n° 1)

Height of a right lower leg (m) hpdi = 3.0
Deflexión Admisible (m) : L1 / 300 Ð= 1.0

Beam Design

Weight of False Bridge

Dead Weight (beams), value assumed in (Kg/m2) 25.0

Weight of decking or flooring (kg/m2), table n° 5 22.5
Weight of the beam (kg/cm2) each 0.60, square no. 4 18.5

S/C = 822.0

2) Load by Area of Influence (abcd)

Load by Area of Influence (Kg): Area * (S/C) CAI = 4,932

3) Unit Load

Unit load (Kg/cm): CAI / (L1 * 100) w= 16.4

4) Design by Resistance

Smín. (cm3) : Mo(max) / Fu ; where:

Mo(max) (Kg-cm) : w * (L1 * 100)2/ 8 Mo = 184950
Smín. (cm3) : Mo(max) / Fu (Fu, table n° 1) Smín = 1201

For this magnitude, in table No. 2 a section of:

8" * 12" with Sx = 2,663.2 > 1201 cm3

5) Bending Design

Considering a maximum deflection of L1 / k = L1 / 300, we have that the value of the Moment of Inertia
calculated for this type of beams, with uniformly distributed load is:

3
Ic (cm4) : 5 * w * L1* k / (384 * E), where:
k = 300
E (Kg/cm2), in table No. 1, has: 80,200 replacing

Ic (cm4) Ic = 21,620

In table No. 2, a section of: 8" * 12" with: Ix = 38,616 > 21,620

sufficient value

6) Checking for Permanent Loads

In this case, the unit load w' will be:

w' (Kg/cm) : area of influence * S/C / ( L1 * 100) w' = 16.4
Maximum Moment Mp (Kg-cm): w' * (L1 * 100)2/ 8 Mp = 184950
Admissible bending stress (Kg/cm2): Mp / Smín F= 69.4

It must be fulfilled:
F < 0.5 * Ftabular (see table No. 1, class I wood screw), 69.4 < 77.0 Kg/cm2
 Wooden formwork for platform and/or false bridge
Page 3

7) Cut Verification

Must comply: Fvcalculated < Fvtabular

Fvcalc. (Kg/cm2): 3 * v / (2 * b real * h real), where:

v (Kg) : w * L1 / 2 v= 2466 for the beam of 8" * 12"

the values of b and h real are obtained from table No. 2
Fvcalc. (Kg/cm2) = Fvcalc= 6.7

For wood screw in table no. 1, it must be: Fv tabular = 12.0 > 6.7 Kg/cm2

It is verified that the section 8 inches * 12 found

inches is sufficient for the efforts of Permanent Load and
by Court

Minimum Support Area on the Beam

Minimum area (cm2) = R / Fc1 where :

R (Kg) : w * L1 / 2 R= 2466
The value of Fc1 is obtained from table number 1 and replaced:
Min area (cm2): R / Fc1 A= 154.13

Además, se tiene que : A = b real * x ------->x = 8.1cm is the minimum support distance
from the beam to the column

9) Stability

In table n° 2, we have:
For a beam with a section of 8" * 12", and ratio: h real / b real = 1.53, they are beams that need support, and in
In this case, the framework will be serving the function of bracing.

In conclusion, the calculated Beam Section is: 8" * 12"

Design of beams

They are elements subjected to bending loads, transmitting the loads to the beams; it usually has a
separation less than that corresponding to the beams, in our case it was assumed to be 0.60 m

Stage

Joist joist
AI 3.0 m

Viga Beam

0.60

Load by Area of Influence

Load by Influence Area (Kg): Area * (S/C) CAI = 1,480

Unit Load

Unit load (Kg/cm): CAI / (L1 * 100) w" = 4.9

 WOODEN FORMWORK FOR PLATFORM and/or FALSE BRIDGE
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3) Determination of the Section of the beam

To determine the section, it is assumed that the rise is 2 times the width, that is: h = 3*b
As it is a simply supported beam, and taking into account that to determine the deflection
D, the following relationship is used:

D2 (cm) : 5 * w" * L14 / (384 * E * I), where:

E0.050.05 value taken from table n° 1

3
I (cm4) : b * h/ 12, where b= h/3 I = h4/ 36
4
D2 (cm) : 5 * w" * L1/ 384 * E * h4/ 36

but, Ð1 = Ð2 --------> 1 = Ð2 clearing the cant h :

h (cm) : h= 20.3 = 8
b (cm) : b= 6.8 = 3

Therefore, the section of the beam is: 8 x 3

Design of the Framework

Platform

joist
0.60 0.60

Data:
Total Load (Kg/m2) w w = 756
Minimum length of each table (m), placed alternately lt = 1.2
Minimum width of each table (m): 0.20, real width = a real = 0.19
Influence Area of each table (m2): lt * a real 0.228
Load per table (Kg): w * A.I. 172.37
Unit Load (Kg/cm) : w * A.I. / (lt * 100) wu = 1.44
Bending Effort (Kg/cm2) Table No. 1 Fu = 154
Elasticity Module (Kg/cm2), table n° 1 E0.050.05 = 111,000

In the design of this type of structures, different criteria can be followed; however, in mezzanines that is
In our case, deflection is the most appropriate.

1) The Section by Bending (strength) will be calculated considering a continuous beam in two equal spans and with
uniformly distributed load on both spans.
x
wu = 1.44 Kg/cm2
R1 = v1 = R3 = v3 = 3 * wu * L / 8
R : 2 * v2 R= 10 * wu * L / 8 R1 R2 R3
v2= 5 * wu * L / 8 L = 0.60 L = 0.60
M1 ( x = 3 * L / 8 ) = 9*wu*L2/ 128
M2max. in support R2= wu * L2/ 8 v2
Dmax (of R1 or R2) = wu*L2/ (185*E*I) v1
v2 v3
I = a real * and3/ 12 3*L/8 CUT 3*L/8

Section Modulus: S = M1/Fu

M1 M1

M2
MOMENT
 WOODEN FORMWORK FOR PLATFORM and/or FALSE BRIDGE
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M1 (Kg-cm) M1 = 1454.4
S (cm3) S= 9.44
this module is also equal to:
S : a real * and2/ 6 S= 3.17 and2
equaling modules, it is obtained:
The thickness of the board (cm): and = 1.73

M2max. (Kg-cm) M2 = 2585.5

S (cm3) S= 16.79
this module is also equal to:
2
S: a real * and2/ 6 S= 3.17 * and
by equating modules, we have:
The thickness of the board (cm): et = 2.3

2) Deflection Check

Ð1 (cm): lt / 300 Ð= 0.4

considering that: Ð1 = Ðmax.

and (cm) et = 2.8

We will take a table thickness of = 1 1/2 inches.

Design of the Columns (Right Foot)

Determination of the Section

The analysis will be conducted on column c5, which is the most critical as it is located in the central part and presents
greater area of influence
8.0 m
c1 c2 c3

Area of Influence

6.0 c6 c5 c4 3.0

c9 c8 c7

4.0

Data:
The type of embedding in the columns (upright) is hinged at both ends, therefore:
k = k= 1
Effect: k * Lc ----------> Lefect. = Lc
Longitud de Columna (m) Lc = Lc = 3.0
Total Load (Kg/m2) w= 822.0
Area de Influencia (m2) : 12
Carga Crítica (Kg) : A.I * w 9864
Parallel compression effort (Kg/cm2), table No. 1, Fc = 99
 WOODEN FORMWORK FOR PLATFORM and/or FALSE BRIDGE
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Minimum Elasticity Module (Kg/cm2), table no. 1, E0.05 = 80,200

Perpendicular compression (Kg/cm2) Fc1 = 16
Column Type:
K : 0.703 * [(E0.05/ Fc)1/2 ] K= 20.0
Column Section (cm2): Critical Load / Fc Ac = 99.64

We assume a section of: 4 inches * 6 inches = 9 * 14cm = 126.0 cm²

Relationship: column length / smallest section dimension: Lc / d

Relation Lc / d = Lc / d = 33.33

The intermediate slenderness is between: 10 less than Lc / d < K, from which we deduce that: Lc / d < = 20.0

We assume a new section: 8" * 8" = 19 * 19 cm = 361 cm2

Relationship: column length / smallest section dimension: Lc / d

Relationship Lc / d = Lc / d = 15.79

The intermediate slenderness is between: 10 < Lc / d< K 10 < = 15.79 < 20.0 OK!

Comparison of the Critical Load with the Allowable Load

4
Padm (Kg) : Fc * Ac * [ 1 - (1/3) * (Lc / (K * d))] Padm = 23826

It must be fulfilled: Padm > Pcritical --------> 23826 > 9864 OK!

Therefore, the section of the column is: 8" * 8"

Likewise, this section is fulfilling the support area of the beam over the column.

Bracing Distance ( h' )

h' (m) : (b / d) * Lc h' = 3.0

Check for Load-Bearing Capacity of the Slab ( Q )

It must meet that Pcritical < 2 * Q (that is, the actual or critical load must be less than the capacity of
resistance of the base plate in the columns

Q (Kg) : b * d * Fc1 Q= 5776

Pcritical = 9864 < 2*Q= 11552 Kg OK!

WOODEN FORMWORK FOR PLATFORM and/or FALSE BRIDGE
Table No. 1 Acceptable Efforts of Tropical Woods

Species Grade Density Allowable Effort ( Kg / cm2) Module

Basic Bending Compression Compression Shear Elasticity
Parallel Perpendicular ( Kg / cm2)
(Kg/m3) Fu Fc Fc1 Fv E0.05* 0.05 E0.05
I 171 153 17 14 126,000 79,100
Pipe 590
II 128 115 10 14 126,600 79,100
I 154 140 14 10 118,500 87,000
Casho Moena 530
II 115 105 8 10 118,500 87,000
I 170 150 18 14 116,600 39,700
Copaiba 610
II 128 112 11 14 116,600 39,700
I 256 195 23 14 160,500 122,800
Chimicua 710
II 192 146 14 14 160,500 122,800
I 150 \ 19 13 97,900 65,000
Strong Devil 530
II 113 107 11 13 97,900 65,000
I 224 159 21 16 135,800 91,800
Huayruro 610
II 168 119 13 16 135,800 91,800
I 196 143 18 16 117,400 81,300
Manchinga 680
II 147 107 11 16 117,400 81,300
I 102 82 10 7 78,300 44,000
Marupá 360
II 77 62 6 7 78,300 44,000
I 262 229 30 17 146,900 112,900
Pumaquiro 670
II 197 172 18 17 146,900 112,900
I 154 99 16 12 111,000 80,200
Screw 450
II 116 74 10 12 111,000 80,200

Table No. 2 Properties of Wood Sections

Dimension Dimension Area EJE X EJE Y

Nominal Real Ix = Sx = Iy = Sy =
b*h b * h b * h^3/12 b * h^2 / 6 b * h^3/12 b * h^2 / 6
(pulg.) (cm) (cm2) (cm4) (cm3) (cm4) (cm3)
3/4" * 1" 1.5 2 3.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8
3/4 inch by 2 inches 1.5 4 6.0 8.0 4.0 1.1 1.5
1" * 2" 2 4 8.0 10.7 5.3 2.7 2.7
1" * 4" 2 9 18.0 121.5 27.0 6.0 6.0
1" * 6" 2 14 28.0 457.3 65.3 9.3 9.3
1 1/2" * 2" 3 4 12.0 16.0 8.0 9.0 6.0
1 1/2" * 4" 3 9 27.0 182.3 40.5 20.3 13.5
1 1/2" * 6" 3 14 42.0 686.0 98.0 31.5 21.0
2 inches * 2 inches 4 4 16.0 21.3 10.7 21.3 10.7
2 inches * 3 inches 4 6.5 26.0 91.5 28.2 34.7 17.3
2" * 4" 4 9 36.0 243.0 54.0 48.0 24.0
2 inches * 6 inches 4 14 56.0 914.7 130.7 74.7 37.3
2" * 8" 4 19 76.0 2,286.3 240.7 101.3 50.7
2 inches * 10 inches 4 24 96.0 4,608.0 384.0 128.0 64.0
2" * 12" 4 29 116.0 8,129.7 560.7 154.7 77.3
2 1/2" * 2 1/2" 5 5 25.0 52.1 20.8 52.1 20.8
2 1/2" * 3" 5 6.5 32.5 114.4 35.2 67.7 27.1
2 1/2" * 4" 5 9 45.0 303.8 67.5 93.8 37.5
2 1/2" * 6" 5 14 70.0 1,143.3 163.3 145.8 58.3
2 1/2" * 8" 5 19 95.0 2,857.9 300.8 197.9 79.2
Table No. 1 Acceptable Efforts of Tropical Woods
2 1/2" * 10" 5 24 120.0 5,760.0 480.0 250.0 100.0
2 1/2" * 12" 5 29 145.0 10,162.1 700.8 302.1 120.8
3" * 3" 6.5 6.5 42.3 148.8 45.8 148.8 45.8
3" * 4" 6.5 9 58.5 394.9 87.8 206.0 63.4
3 inches * 6 inches 6.5 14 91.0 1,486.3 212.3 320.4 98.6
3" * 8" 6.5 19 123.5 3,715.3 391.1 434.8 133.8
3 inches * 10 inches 6.5 24 156.0 7,488.0 624.0 549.3 169.0
3 inches * 12 inches 6.5 29 188.5 13,210.7 911.1 663.7 204.2
4" * 4" 9 9 81.0 546.8 121.5 546.8 121.5
4" * 6" 9 14 126.0 2,058.0 294.0 850.5 189.0
4" * 8" 9 19 171.0 5,144.3 541.5 1,154.3 256.5
4 inches * 10 inches 9 24 216.0 10,368.0 864.0 1,458.0 324.0
4" * 12" 9 29 261.0 18,291.8 1,261.5 1,761.8 391.5
6" * 6" 14 14 196.0 3,201.3 457.3 3,201.3 457.3
6 inches by 7 inches 14 16.5 231.0 5,240.8 635.3 3,773.0 539.0
6" * 8" 14 19 266.0 8,002.2 842.3 4,344.7 620.7
6 inches * 10 inches 14 24 336.0 16,128.0 1,344.0 5,488.0 784.0
6 inches * 12 inches 14 29,406.0 28,453.8 1,962.3 6,631.3 947.3
8" * 8" 19 19 361.0 10,860.1 1,143.2 10,860.1 1,143.2
8 inches by 10 inches 19 24 456.0 21,888.0 1,824.0 13,718.0 1,444.0
8 inches * 12 inches 19 29,551.0 38,615.9 2,663.2 16,575.9 1,744.8
10 inches * 10 inches 24 24,576.0 27,648.0 2,304.0 27,648.0 2,304.0
10" * 12" 24 29,696.0 48,778.0 3,364.0 33,408.0 2,784.0
12" * 12" 29 29,841.0 58,940.1 4,064.8 58,940.1 4,064.8

Frame No. 3 Service Overloads

Kg / cm2
Sloped Roof 100
Residential House 200
Offices 250
Libraries 300
Files 600
Meeting Rooms 500
Classes 350
Public Corridors and Dressing Rooms 400
Stairs 500
Facilities of:
Light Manufacturing 360
Heavy Manufacturing 600

Table No. 4 Self-Weight of Wooden Beams Group C

Section Spacing (cm)

30 40 50 60 80 100 120
(inch) ( cm ) Weight of Beams ( Kg / m2
2 inches * 3 inches 4 6.5 7.8 5.9 4.7 3.9 2.9 2.3 2.0
2 inches * 4 inches 4 9 10.8 8.1 6.5 5.4 4.1 3.2 2.7
2" * 6" 4 14 16.8 12.6 10.1 8.4 6.3 5.0 4.2
2" * 8" 4 19 27.8 17.1 13.7 11.4 8.6 6.8 5.7
2 inches * 10 inches 4 24 28.8 21.5 17.3 14.4 10.8 8.6 7.2
3" * 3" 6.5 6.5 37.0 27.8 22.2 18.5 13.9 11.1 9.3
3 inches * 10 inches 6.5 24 46.8 35.1 28.1 23.4 17.6 14.0 11.7
3 inches * 12 inches 6.5 29 56.6 42.4 33.9 28.3 21.2 17.0 14.1

Table No. 5 Self-Weight of Formwork

Group Thickness
3/4" (1.5cm) 1" (2 cm) 1 1/4" ( 2.5 cm )
Deck Weight ( Kg / m2 )
A 16.5 22.0 27.5
B 15.0 20.0 25.0
Table No. 1 Acceptable Efforts of Tropical Woods
C 13.5 18.0 22.5

Table No. 6 Own Weight of Covers

Kg / cm2
Bituminous Board
Cover without Gravel 15
Cover with Gravel 35
Gypsum Ceiling with Reed 25
2 mm Metal Sheet on Decking 40
Double Coverage, Flat Tile Overlapping and Shifted to Half Tile 100
Metal Sheet Cover on Rails 40
Flat Tile with Mortars with Changes to 0.275 m 80
Clay Cake with a thickness of 2.5 cm on a Simple Board with a thickness of 2.0 cm 67
Flat Teja or Beaver Tail with Cabios at 0.275 m 70
Asbestos Sheet
4 mm Corrugated 9
5 mm corrugated 13
Folded Gutter 5 mm 17
Concave Tile with Mortar Seat at 0.335 m 80
Concave Tile with Woodwork at 0.335 m 70
Serrana Teja Set on a 2 cm thick Mud Cake with Straw or Ichu 160
Mud Cake with Straw 555
Table No. 1 Acceptable Efforts of Tropical Woods
Table No. 1 Permissible Efforts of Tropical Woods
Table No. 1 Allowable Efforts of Tropical Woods
Table No. 1 Permissible Efforts of Tropical Woods