METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UMECIT

SEAT OF DAVID

FACULTY OF LAW AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

Bachelor's Degree in Criminalistics and Forensic Science

Course

Criminalistics II

ID 1923098

ASSIGNMENT 5

THEME OR TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Essay

Belongs to:

Miguel Owen Solis Esquivel I.D. 4-819-494

ADVISOR

Lic. Hector Reyes

David, Chiriquí, Republic of Panama

January, 2022
 Fingerprint Essay

The fingerprint is any structure formed on the fingertip by the

crests or drawings of pailares. Moreover, thanks to its unique structure for each being.
human has been taken for multiple uses, as well as identification thanks to
that it becomes unchangeable for life.

Fingerprinting or lofoscopy

Lofoscopy is the science that aims to study the different

fingerprints or reliefs whether on the palms of the hands or the fingers or
inclusive on the feet of each person. Now, what are fingerprint patterns?
These are alignments that are located in both the palms of the hands and of
the feet of every human being. It should be noted that Lofoscopy is a method
extremely effective and accurate for identification since these are immutable
what tells us that there will be no other like it, which allows for easy identification.

Lofoscopy in the field of criminalistics plays a very important role.

due to the fact that it is applied as the scientific technique that is mainly used for
the identification with a set of procedures that become applicable to the
search. Lofoscopy acts significantly as a link and point
middle ground between scientific procedures for the demonstration of the proof and the
legal procedures that would encompass the demonstration of the evidence, all of this
through the already mentioned papillary drawings.

In this sense, we can see that lofoscopy is based on 3 principles that

It is the permanence, diversity, and unchangeability that leave us with
knowledge that there will only be one for each person.

Considering the above mentioned, lofoscopy is based on 3 branches based on

what is investigated in this case is dactyloscopy for the fingertips, the
dermatoscopy for the examination of the papillary patterns on the palms of the hands and
the pelmatoscopy that would be responsible for the study of papillary patterns
located on the soles of the feet.

Fingerprint or dactylogram

Legislation "Instructions for fingerprint identification" (1907) gives it the name of

dactylogram to the set of lines that exist on the fingertips and to
drawing that each of these prints, as if it were a seal, in circumstances
adequate. The first is called especially natural dactylogram, and it
corresponds with that obtained from printing the same finger, with such accuracy,
like an original with its photographic negative or a cliché with its positive.

In this sense, it can be said that fingerprints are responsible for the study
mainly from the set of lines and papillary drawings of the fingertips
fingers. In the field of forensic science, the study is carried out on the distal part of the
palm of the hand exactly on the 3rd phalanx of the fingers where it is centered
study of fingerprints

In this way, fingerprints considering their field of study of the set

From the papillary ridges, we can see that they are classified into three groups:

Natural fingerprints: in this type, the prints can be observed directly

from the tips of the fingers.

Artificial fingerprint: they are the appreciation of the reliefs through inking
chemical for your observation.

And finally, we found the latent fingerprints that would be all the
fingerprints that are left either voluntarily or involuntarily
that are not perceptible to the naked eye.

Tire tracks
This type of technique bases its research on the impression left by a
tire in any scene where this type of footprint is left.

A diferencia de las huellas papilares que son irrepetibles este tipo de huella o
tire tread has similarities as they are scale models in which their
variation will mainly be found in either its wear, its relief, its
canalization. For forensic science to identify, lift, or recognize a fingerprint
of tire means being able to find an escape route, identify a car by
its type of tire and even leave a trace that can be recorded by this type of footprint.

The traces left by vehicles can be classified into fourteen types that
it would be based on the movement of the wheel depending on whether it turns or is locked
or even if it turns and slides in this case these would be: imprint, smudging
embarradura, untadura, estampa, abrasión, surco, huella de frenado, raspadura,
sweeping, drying drag, acceleration, friction, lateral friction.

In this type of footprint, it is important to consider what is necessary for the team.
forensic science that minimizes manipulation of the scene to avoid potential damage
the mark that is imprinted on different surfaces should be considered as
a prompt intervention is necessary due to any inclement weather.

Footprints

In that case, it is the most commonly found type of footprint in various types of scenes.
Considering this, we can see that their research is based on two points.
significant are the class and the identification. In the class, the objects are seen of
manufacturing either the size, the characteristics of the mold or the design and the
Identification, on the other hand, would be more about the wear and tear of the footwear.
typical of its physical characteristics.

William J. Bodziak (2000) "positive identifications can be made with just

a random identifying characteristic, but only if it is confirmable; it has
sufficient definition, clarity, and characteristics; is in the same location and
orientation on the sole of the shoe, and in the opinion of an examiner
experienced, it would not happen again in another shoe.

This researcher explains that in each footwear due to wear or

The unique characteristics of footwear can make them distinctive.
it says that they will not be repeated as they are characteristics that arise

Involuntarily, it is almost impossible to replicate such a shoe print.

The variations of those can include design variations,

dotted or other textured, and the placement of the logo. In this case, Bodziak leaves
key points in which these characteristics allow the researcher to have points
to start for the later investigation find a characteristic that makes
that this shoe print becomes unique for future investigation.

Glove prints

Considering the types of footprints mentioned earlier, one can say

that this type of mark is very similar to fingerprints, which makes them
an important point for researchers is the case that in the same way
how fingerprints are left depending on the type of glove
own and individual impregnations that prove to be extremely useful when it comes to
conduct an investigation. In addition, criminals like so often use this
type of implement to leave no obvious traces, but with the different advances
It is possible to carry out an identification through the fingerprints left by the
gloves.

Fingerprints on adhesive tape

Tape as a developing method is undoubtedly the most used method.

by the researchers. The characteristics of the tape having an adhesive side
they facilitate the ability to imprint latent clues such as fingerprints.
It is important to emphasize that there are two types of adhesive tape that are rubber-based.

natural and based on acrylic and it is here that it is worth mentioning that for the developing
As such, it is necessary to observe which is most suitable for the type of surface in question.

It is necessary to develop a fingerprint considering that the adhesive tape is the

the main element for fingerprint lifting is the use of
This is to obtain with greater clarity the impression of these latent clues.

Footprints: revealed outdoors

The revealing of fingerprints outdoors is very difficult for criminalists.

Considering that the various climate changes can affect every trace.
of this vestige, but it is up to the researcher to exhaust all resources.
possible in order to eliminate all latent signs or traces of footprints in the
that may appear. It should be noted that outdoor footprints are one
of the main challenges for criminalists as they are exposed
to many changes, whether climatic, physical, or chemical alterations, what
it poses a challenge for every researcher.

Fingerprints are the primary means of identification worldwide.

characteristics unique to each fingerprint, as well as their individuality in each being
it is extremely useful when making comparisons between a person or
another. Finding a fingerprint from the moment of its lifting until its
using it as a test is quite a challenge, but undoubtedly being able to move from one fingerprint to

identifying a person through it is undoubtedly one of the most options

accurate when conducting research.