TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD

Although technology has existed since humans have had

knowledge and its application, it has not been of such importance
as in the last century. Rivalry between countries has always existed, the
which is demonstrated from sporting events to war conflicts, without
embargo there is something in common among all this. Technology has arrived at it.
nivel de presentarse en todo momento de nuestras vidas, así se le da
application in the manufacturing of new sportswear up to the creation of
firearms, which makes it the most important factor for
obtain a winner.

Currently, first world countries are those that take seriously

its technological development. To see it, just look at the statistics.
The United States and Canada have always had a continuous study of their
technologies and for this reason they have remained stable at the international level with the

passage of time. Japan realized this and after the Second World War
world invested time, money, and effort in technology to belong to the
first world and become the country with the greatest technological advancement today.
In the mid-80s, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, China, and Taiwan also
they bet on technology and at this moment China is the new great
economic power with such accelerated growth that the Chinese do not
Do you know what to do with so much money (5 times higher growth than in
Mexico, approximately.

Countries that are growing, like Mexico, are still lagging behind.
in technology due to their lack of vision. Companies do not
they are concerned about using updated resources, because within the same country
there is no culture of technological competition. That is why the
globalization is helping foreign companies that bring to the
least developed countries their cutting-edge technology and do not find
any competition with the companies in the region. Consumers are
They approach technological options because they do not see the process but the

result, which is what interests them, for that reason those who must
los que pierden el miedo son las propias empresas. En el ejemplo de México, the ones who lose their fear are the companies themselves. In the case of Mexico,

other countries have seen Mexico as a safe place to invest because

despite this helping Mexico economically, who really
Growth is the company itself and because it is foreign, the growth is not reflected.
from Mexico.

The technological development of a country must come from its own initiative,
this is, in schools through projects and research and in the
companies through training and infrastructure updates.
Private investment creates competition and makes different types accessible.
of technology, achieving a much broader range than the investment
public since the latter is usually of limited scope and with less application.
The United States contributes 2% of its gross domestic product to research.
technological while Mexico only uses 0.4%, in the United States the
private investment reaches 80% and public investment takes the remaining 20% while
that in Mexico the figures are crossed. It doesn't matter which country it is about,

Those who do not invest in technological development are destined to have problems.
whoever buys technology will be able to compete, but the country that wants to be a leader

needs to have its own technology.

When a country achieves good technological development, the impact is

note by all sectors. It is believed that when talking about
technology and digital revolution is about entertainment media such as
video games, television, and even the Internet and computers. The
The reality is that technology in these times affects our way of life.
a level that if it were taken away from us suddenly, the survival rate would be
on the ground. Technological development is observed in simplicity to the
time to carry out daily tasks (make food in the microwave,
communicate through cell phones, the Internet, etc.), in the economy (by having
greater competition, prices decrease, and having more to produce with
better quality the profits increase), in education (if there is the
infrastructure the projects and research are approved)
entertainment, etc.

For all these reasons, it is concluded that the impact of development

The technological sector in a country is too large and important. However,
it is the decision of each country, each institution, each company and each
one the use given to the new technology since unfortunately not
its impact is always positive and sometimes causes harm to humanity,
when is it supposed that technology exists to make thrive to the
humanity. Thus we have as an example Japan, which amazes us with
its technological advances aimed at entertainment and
simplify our daily lives; on the other hand, we have the United States, the
which uses a large part of its technological advancement for weapons of destruction and

war material.

INFLUENCING FACTORS

Influential factors in the development of the contemporary world are

basically encompassed by capitalism, the great importance that it has
acquired is the technological development within the context of modernity,
It has been conceived in ideas that have been generated around this development.

Over time, technology systems are being perfected.

to improve and optimize our control of the real world, so that it responds
quickly and predictably to the will or whim of society.
 Technology is in constant evolution and the objectives do not
they simply disappear, that is, as needs change.
are larger or more complex, it is necessary to create a goal that can lead
the void, which I came to replace the previous one.

It is also influenced by the knowledge and wisdom of privileged minds and

genius inventors that is to say, man.

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT LEVELS

The emergence of a new invention can lead to the

transformation of a society and consequently, modify certain
paradigms under which one has lived for a long time. The century
that culminates, leaves us great examples of this reflection.

Such is the case with inventions like the telephone, which, despite having been
created at the end of the 19th century, had its spread during the following century. This
device that made communication between two people possible, without the need
that it was in-person, caused an unimaginable impact on the
new habits that the entire world was acquiring, as
its effects were felt in every nation.

It is also interesting to mention the invention of the automobile, an element that

in its beginnings, it was considered a toy for the rich, but soon it
became not only an incredibly novel and useful means of transportation,
but also economically viable in the early 20th century, thanks
an innovative subject, like Henry Ford, who made diffusion possible
of a continuous production model, called assembly lines.

This, like the telephone, caused great changes in society

of the moment. It's enough to analyze how the new ones would be designed.
constructions, the emergence of a different infrastructure for the
cities, and the behavioral changes of a people who began to plan
their decisions about time and resources in a totally different way than the
the way they approached those individuals from previous generations;
matter that undoubtedly marked a significant step in the industrial evolution of the

time.

But the world has continued its upward march, bringing with it
new advances in science and technology, which have made
Is it possible that human beings tend more and more each day to seek a closer connection?

with other cultures, other economies, and other political and social systems. In
In this sense, we could observe some aspects that make the ...
technological advances.

For example, Graham Bell possibly never thought that thanks to his
I invent, man would later reach places previously unimaginable,
remaining seated in the same place, or Ford that his techniques of
production would make it possible to reduce costs to manufacture countless
manufacturers, covering many more consumer segments.

There are those who believe that these events represent a breakthrough in the
way of relating to each other, to make things simpler and more effective
organizational processes, to enhance the quality of life of a
population for whom their daily activities are facilitated, to do more
accessible relevant information for the development of new research
which lead, in some cases, to the persistence of human life.

However, many believe that the outcome of these events

it is nothing more than an attack on the preservation of old traditions.
most indigenous cultures, of an ecosystem that is becoming extinct
swiftly, in summary, they constitute nothing more than a step forward in the
extinction of our species.
 Whether it is good or bad that the evolution of the
technology, no one can predict it for certain. What is certain is that there is no going back.

the fact is that being immersed in the society of these times makes us
accomplices of being aware, especially of what happens around.
when our profession leaves us no other alternative.

SPECIFIC PROBLEMS

DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH

It is impossible to approach this topic without remembering Malthus, who said in 1798:

I believe that the reproductive capacity of the population is indefinitely

greater than the Earth's capacity to produce the elements of
the subsistence of man. As always, this visionary had to endure
the harshest criticisms, and he was ridiculed when the development
industrial in the 19th century, the exploitation of large reserves in countries
new and the technical advances in terms of transportation and preservation of
foods painted a rosy future, or at least a much more beneficial one
as outlined by the so-called 'Malthusians'.

But the statistics of the 'belle époque' were included in a certain

romanticism not entirely scientific, and they based their forecasts purely and

exclusively in European society, assuming that the rest of

the world would come to function as a vast production field of
raw materials to benefit this Western culture. As time goes by
In the 20th century, the landscape became darkened, and Malthus was evoked with
more respect and fear.

The advancement of preventive medicine, geriatric medicine, and the protection of

childhood, they broke the natural balance, and children and the elderly grew up
proportionately, as adults reduced their working hours
to the same extent that their tasks were facilitated. A true
The demographic explosion took shape in Asia, Africa, and Hispanic America.
tripling the world's population in a century.

And it should be understood that the active population did not grow at the same rate,

but it was the passive that increased catastrophically. Even the largest ones.
reproduction rates were observed, precisely, in human nuclei with
lower purchasing power and hunger became alarmingly felt.

Countries in Asia, Africa, and America that existed before World War II
they exported about 11 million tons of grains, they reached the need
to import 25 million tons annually. This turned the problem into
worldwide. Experiments driven by the Special Departments of the
United Nations demonstrated in Africa and Asia, around the year 1950, that
technifying agriculture and exploiting non-traditional resources, neither.
they solved the problem. There it was verified that the population took advantage of the

better living conditions to 'explode' demographically, in such a way

that these experimental areas have turned into true nightmares and
Today they have to resort, for their livelihood, to work regimes.
overwhelming, to the 'gift' imports, and to endure levels of
poverty more severe than those remembered in their annals since the Neolithic.

THE ENERGY ISSUE

As a first requirement for regional integration, it is necessary to ensure

the sovereignty of our peoples through the recovery of resources
natural resources and strategic companies to reduce asymmetries and
strengthen the integration. In relation to transnational companies, such as
Our president Evo Morales expresses, we need partners, not bosses.
Those were some of the reflections that were discussed in the Seminar.
Regional of Progressive Political Parties, held in Santiago de Chile
from April 19 to April 20, 2007.

At the Energy Summit held in Venezuela, the four lines of

work for an energy treaty were oil, gas, energy savings
and alternative energy. In this regard, the Seminar once again emphasized
the topic of biofuels was the focus of the discussion. It was stated that if
well, ethanol - a plant-derived product from corn and sugarcane replaces the
tetraethyl (lead) from gasoline and it is an alternative for the environment,
There are questions related to monocultures, crops
extensive and intensive practices that can degrade the land and that cannot be
to use food to benefit cars at the expense of beings
humans with hunger.

The goal must be to forge a true integration to live well that is not
the same as living better than others. We do not believe in the line of
progress and unlimited development at the expense of the other and nature. It is about
complement each other reciprocally and not compete. We must share and not
taking advantage of the neighbor, is to think about the harmony between us and with

our mother earth.

The integration model and the dream of South American unity go through the
energy integration through state-controlled companies
countries of the region. Naturally, the obstacles in the way to achieve
these objectives are greater. The privatizations and free market policies
the market has advanced and consolidated in Chile, Brazil, Peru,
Argentina and Colombia.

However, reciprocity must surpass unfair competition between

our economies. Far from continuing on the path of privatization
we must support and complement each other to develop and enhance
our state-owned companies. Together we can forge connectivities, networks
of electricity, South American industry of generic medicines,
mining-metallurgical complexes. We must also consider the proposal
from the Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of America (ALBA) and the Treaty
of Trade of the Peoples (TCP), which are demonstrated in our country
what is feasible and has many productive potentials and are constituted
in alternatives to free trade agreements.

The South American Community of Nations CSN was established on the 8th of
December 2004 in the city of Cuzco, Peru within the framework of the III Summit
Sudamericana. The CSN is understood as a political community and
economic among the 12 member countries. In their initial declaration they
establish among other actions in relation to political concertation and
diplomacy of the region. To physical, energy, and integration of
communications in South America and the harmonization of policies
rural and agri-food development.

THE ECOLOGICAL ISSUE

The statement that 'the world is changing faster and faster'

It is already a common point in every conversation, but what does it really mean?
What is this? How does it influence each person's life? What are those aspects?

What has changed?

The advancement of technology, especially in the areas of

telecommunications and mobilization have caused borders to
they collapse and the concept of country and state gradually blurs by allowing it
that every day, at all hours, people, companies, organizations and
governments exchange all types of information, goods, and services among themselves
inside a square that is no longer limited to my small town but can
be anywhere in the world. On television we see news of what is happening
In the most remote corners, we have books and magazines in circulation.
worldwide and, if that weren't enough, with the Internet we can access all kinds of
information and keep in permanent contact with people who are at
thousands of kilometers away. Not to mention the phone, fax, each
ever more massive and faster means of transportation and the complex system
economic and marketing that is characterized by its coverage and impact
around the world. What I am describing is the everyday image of each
person.

The day we manage to clearly see the global landscape,

we will discover that everything depends on everything. It is not a game of the rich and

powerful over the poor and weak. We are not talking about dynasties that
They are born and die. The world today faces the challenge of survival itself.
because problems such as poverty, hunger, unemployment, the
pollution and violence are not exclusive to some. No one is spared from
they nor anyone can solve them alone. And to top it off, the use and abuse of the
natural resources are already reaching their limits and it would only be a matter of
time for society to disappear along with the ecosystems that
she is destroying herself.

At the same time, within that complete image, we find that the
richness lies in diversity. Nature thrives when it has
a balance between its different species and can rely on a great
number of them, each one with its own function. Likewise, society,
as a way of man's adaptation to the world, he makes use of his variety
culture represented in languages, customs, traditions, technologies,
religion and art in order to continue facing the challenges that arise
day by day. It is essential to understand that different points of view are
opportunities to find solutions to problems that seemed unsolvable.
We cannot allow ecological and cultural diversity to be lost because
With her, our only habitat and resource of life would be leaving.

THE ISSUE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL POLICIES

Scientific and technological policies are a set of principles,

statements, guidelines, decisions, instruments and mechanisms that are
aimed at fostering scientific and technological development in the medium term and
long.

In recent times, UNESCO is intensifying activities

of their programs in the field of scientific and technological policies,
thus manifesting its determined will to help developing countries to
integrate into their policies related to science, technology, and innovation
all the priorities that must be taken into account with a view to a
sustainable development.

The Organization strives to improve good governance of the

national and regional structures in the field of sciences and the
technologies, as well as for broadening the agreement when adopting
decisions both in the field of new scientific policies and
technological as in the new ethical issues. The objective is
encourage the participation of multiple stakeholders: parliamentary committees
dedicated to scientific issues, researchers and representatives of
public and private sector, of mass media and of the
civil society. Science and technology and gender equality Equality
gender equality is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals set
by the United Nations. Now, to achieve this goal it is
essential to adopt measures aimed at achieving equality between
men and women in the field of science and technology.
 In this regard, it is important to note that the role of UNESCO is crucial, as
what is expected of her is to promote the application of the recommendations
existing in the matter and reaffirm –through its programs and
activities the essential role that women perform, as well as the
the existence of the issue of equality between the sexes in the field of the
science and technology. The Exact and Natural Sciences Sector is
currently preparing the 2006 edition of an international report on
science, technology and gender equality, which constitutes an example
concrete of the commitment undertaken by UNESCO to the task of integrating
issues related to gender equality in the field of
sciences and technologies.

Development of scientific and technological policies UNESCO provides

guidelines for the formulation of scientific and technological policies and
assists its Member States in development to prepare their own policies
and strategies in this field. In the past, the Organization has provided in
particular assistance to countries like Lebanon (the aid to this country has
recently reactivated by the initiative of the Director General), Mozambique,
Lesotho, Albania, Brunei Darussalam, and the Maldives, to help them
prepare their national strategies. Nowadays, it is providing assistance to
Mongolia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and Namibia. In addition,
it is expected that in the future it will participate in the development of policies
scientific and technological from other countries, for example Seychelles, Ethiopia
and Swaziland.

With the help of Japan and the technical assistance of UNESCO, the Government
Nigeria is currently undergoing a major reform.
scope in its science, technology, and innovation system. That reform
understands the following components: a) a general examination of all the
functions that the system must perform and a preliminary evaluation
of the capacity and results of state and university institutions
of the country in the field of science and technology; b) a detailed analysis of
the institutes and university centers dedicated to research; c) the
conception of a human resources development program for
update the skills regarding the management of the
research and technological evolution; and d) preparation of a
proposal to establish a financing mechanism for the scientific sector
and technological in Nigeria.