TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BACHELORS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (BIT)

(COURSE OF STUDY)

2075
 Tribhuvan University
Institute of Science and Technology

Course of Study

Bachelors in Information Technology

(BIT)
2018

Prepared by
Computer Science and Information Technology Subject Committee
Introduction:
The Bachelors in Information Technology (BIT) curriculum is designed by closely following the
courses practiced in accredited international universities, subject to the condition that the intake
students are twelve years of schooling in any stream or equivalent from any recognized board. In
addition to the foundation and core Information Technology courses, the program offers several
elective courses to meet the undergraduate academic program requirement and to fulfill the
demand for development and implementation of new technology.
Students enrolled in the four year BIT program are required to take foundation and core courses
of Information technology, courses of mathematics, statistics, management, economics,
sociology, psychology, research methodology and technical writing, and some elective courses.
All undergraduate students are required to complete 120 credit hours of Information Technology
and allied courses, and will have opportunity in the field of software development, information
security, database administration, network and system administration, and in all the sectors that
develop and/or use Information Technology.

Objective:
The main objective of BIT program is to provide students intensive knowledge and skill to
design, develop, and use information technology in different areas. It is envisaged that graduate
of this program will be equipped with necessary knowledge of Information Technology to
compete in this global world.

Eligibility Condition for Admission

A student who seeks admission to BIT program:
 Should have successfully completed twelve years of schooling in any stream.
 Should have secured a minimum of second division.
 Should have successfully passed the entrance examination conducted by Institute of Science
and Technology (IOST), TU.
 Complied with all the application procedures.

Course Duration:
The entire course is of eight semesters (four academic years). There is a separate semester
examination after the end of each semester.

I
Hours of Instruction:
a) Working days: 90 days in a semester
b) Class hours:
 3 credit hours courses with theory and labs is equivalent to 3 hours lecture and 3 hours
lab = 6 working hrs per week.
 3 credit hours theory-only course is equivalent to 3 hours lecture and 2 hours tutorial = 5
working hrs per week.

Evaluation
Theory course should have internal weightage of 20% and external weightage of 80%. For the
course having lab work, the internal weightage is 20%, lab work weightage is 20% and external
weightage is 60%. A student should secure minimum of 40% in each category to pass a course.
The final score in each course will be the sum of overall weightage of in all categories. There
will be a separate practical examination for the 20% weightage of lab work conducted by
concerned college in the presence of an external examiner.
The project work and internship are evaluated by different evaluators. To pass project work and
internship, students should secure at least 40% marks in the evaluation of each evaluator and
final score will be the sum of all the evaluations. For the evaluation of final presentation, an
external examiner will be assigned from the IOST.

The Grading System

A student having passed his/her 8 semesters (4 years) of study will be graded as follows:
 Distinction: 80 % and above ( 8 semester’s average)
 First Division: 70 % and above ( 8 semester’s average)
 Second Division: 55 % and above ( 8 semester’s average)
 Pass Division: 40 % and above ( 8 semester’s average)

Attendance Requirement:
Students are required to attend regularly all theory and practical classes and should maintain 80
percent attendance in each course separately.

Final Examination:
Institute of science and technology, Tribhuvan University, will conduct the final examination at
the end of each semester. 80% weightage will be given to the final examination for theory course
and 60% will be given for the course having both theory and practical.

II
Course Structure:
Semester I
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT101 Introduction to Information Technology 3 100
BIT102 C Programming 3 100
BIT103 Digital Logic 3 100
MTH104 Basic Mathematics 3 100
SCO105 Sociology 3 100
Total 15 500

Semester II
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT151 Microprocessor and Computer 3 100
Architecture
BIT152 Discrete Structure 3 100
BIT153 Object Oriented Programming 3 100
STA154 Basic Statistics 3 100
ECO155 Economics 3 100
Total 15 500

Semester III
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT201 Data Structures and Algorithms 3 100
BIT202 Database Management System 3 100
BIT203 Numerical Methods 3 100
BIT204 Operating Systems 3 100
MGT205 Principles of Management 3 100
Total 15 500

III
Semester IV
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT251 Web Technology I 3 100
BIT252 Artificial Intelligence 3 100
BIT253 Systems Analysis and Design 3 100
BIT254 Network and Data Communications 3 100
ORS255 Operations Research 3 100
Total 15 500

Semester V
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT301 Web Technology II 3 100
BIT302 Software Engineering 3 100
BIT303 Information Security 3 100
BIT304 Computer Graphics 3 100
ENG305 Technical Writing 3 100
Total 15 500

Semester VI
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT351 NET Centric Computing 3 100
BIT352 Database Administration 3 100
BIT353 Management Information System 3 100
RSM354 Research Methodology 3 100
Elective I 3 100
Total 15 500

List of Electives:
1. Geographical Information System (BIT355)
2. Multimedia Computing (BIT356)
3. Wireless Networking (BIT357)
4. Society and Ethics in IT (BIT358)
5. Psychology (PSY359)

IV
Semester VII
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT401 Advanced Java Programming 3 100
BIT402 Software Project Management 3 100
BIT403 E-commerce 3 100
BIT404 Project work 3 100
Elective II 3 100
Total 15 500

List of Electives:
1. DSS and Expert System (BIT405)
2. Mobile Application Development (BIT406)
3. Simulation and Modeling (BIT407)
4. Cloud Computing (BIT408)
5. Marketing (MGT409)

Semester VIII
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Full Marks
BIT451 Network and System Administration 3 100
BIT452 E Governance 3 100
BIT453 Internship 6 200
Elective III 3 100
Total 15 500

List of Electives:
1. Data Warehousing and Data Mining (BIT454)
2. Knowledge Management (BIT455)
3. Image processing (BIT456)
4. Network Security (BIT457)
5. Introduction to Telecommunications (BIT458)

V
 Introduction to Information Technology

Course Title: Introduction to Information Technology Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT101 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: I

Course Description:
This course covers basic concepts of computers, computer hardware, memory, input/output
devices, computer software, data representation, database, computer networks, internet,
computer security and applications of IT.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide basic knowledge of fundamental concepts of
computer system and Information Technology.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction to Computer (4 Hrs.)
Introduction of Computer; Characteristics of Computer; History of Computer; Generations of
Computer; Digital and Analog Computers; Classification of Computer based on size; The
Computer System; Application of Computers

Unit 2: Computer Hardware (8 Hrs.)

Introduction; Central Processing Unit; Components of CPU, Instruction Format; Instruction Set;
Instruction Cycle; Microprocessor; Computer Bus, Components of Computer Cabinet(power
supply, motherboard, memory chips, expansion slots, ports and interface, processor, cables and
storage devices)

Computer Memory: Memory Representation; Memory Hierarchy; CPU Registers; Cache

Memory; Primary Memory(RAM, ROM); Secondary Memory (Magnetic Tape; Magnetic Disk;
Optical Disk; Magneto-Optical Disk, Flash Memory Device), Access Types of Storage Devices
(sequential and direct)

Input and Output Devices: Input-Output Unit; Input Devices; Human Data Entry Devices;
Source Data Entry Devices; Output Devices; I/O Port; I/O System

Unit 3: Computer Software (6 Hrs.)

Introduction; Types of Software; System Software; Application Software; Operating System
(Introduction, Objectives of Operating System, Types of OS, Functions of OS, Process
Management, Memory Management, File Management, Device Management, Protection and
Security, User Interface, Examples of Operating Systems); Device Drivers and Utility Software;
Programming Languages, Language Translators: assembler, compiler; Software Licensing, Open
Source Software; Case study: Unix Vs Windows

1
Unit 4: Data Representation (5 Hrs.)
Introduction; Number System; Conversion from Decimal to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal;
Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal; Conversion of Binary to Octal,
Hexadecimal; Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary; Binary Arithmetic

Unit 5: Computer Networks and Internet Services (10 Hrs.)

Introduction; Importance of Networking; Data Transmission Media (Twisted pair, coaxial cable,
optical fiber, RF transmission, microwave transmission, satellite transmission); Data
Transmission across Media; Data Transmission and Data Networking; Computer Network;
Network Types; Network Topology; Communication Protocol; Network Devices; Wireless
Networking
Internet; History of Internet; Internetworking Protocol; The Internet Architecture; Managing the
Internet; Internet Connections; Internet Address; WWW, Domain Name System, Internet
Services; E-mail and its working principle; E-commerce and E-governance; Web 2.0; Internet of
Things (IoT); Wearable Computing; Cloud Computing; Smart City; Case Study: ISP in Nepal
and their services

Unit 6: Database Systems (5 Hrs.)

Introduction; Database; Database System; Database Management System; Database System
Architectures; Data Models, Database Applications; Introduction to Data Warehousing, Data
mining, and BigData

Unit 7: Computer Security (4 Hrs.)

Introduction; Security Threat and Security Attack; Malicious Software; Security Mechanisms
(Cryptography, Digital Signature, Firewall, Users Authentication, Intrusion Detection Systems);
Security Awareness; Security Policy

Unit 8: Application and Impact of IT (3 Hrs.)

Applications of IT; Impact of IT on Organization and individuals; Societal Impacts of IT, IT
Strategic Planning, IT and Business Alignment

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory work includes realizing hardware components of computer, using operating
systems, Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation Graphics, Database Management Systems,
and Internet and its services.

Text Books:
1. Computer Fundamentals, Anita Goel, Pearson Education India

Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Computers, Peter Norton, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill Education
2. Fundamentals of Information Technology, Leon and Leon
3. Computer Fundamental, Pradeep K. Sinha and Priti Sinha
4. Introduction to Information Technology, E. Turban
5. Information Technology for Management, [Link], C. Pollard, G. Wood, Wiley Publication
6. Information Technology for Management, Henry C. Lucas, Jr.

2
 C Programming

Course Title: C Programming Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT102 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: I

Course Description:
This course familiarizes students with basic principles of programming. It introduces structured
programming paradigm using a high level language called C. It covers the concept of problem
solving techniques, program design, and basic elements of C along with the detailed concept of
operators, statements, arrays, functions, pointers, structures and file handling.

Course Objective:
The main objective of this course is to acquaint the students with good program design through
structured programming paradigm for developing programs for specific tasks using C
Programming Language as well as to present the syntax and semantics of the “C” language.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction (3 Hrs.)
History and advantages of C; Problems analysis, algorithm and flowchart; Structure of a C
Program; Writing, compiling, debugging, executing and testing a C Program in windows and
Unix/Unix like environment

Unit 2: Elements of C (3 Hrs.)

C Tokens; C Character Sets; Data types, Constants and Variables; Expression, statements and
comments; Escape sequences and Delimiters

Unit 3: Input/output function (2 Hrs.)

Conversion Specifiers; I/O functions; Formatted I/O

Unit 4: Operators and Expression (4 Hrs.)

Arithmetic operators; Relational operators; Logical operators; Assignment operators; Type
conversion in assignment; Increment and decrement operators; Ternary operator; Bitwise
operator; Other operators (comma, sizeof); Expression evaluation; Operator precedence and
associativity

Unit 5: Control Structures (8 Hrs.)

Introduction to selection and iterative statements; GOTO and labels; Selection statements: if,
if..else, if..else if ladder, nested if, switch case; Conditional operator; Iterative statement: For
Loop, While Loop, Do while Loop, Nested Loop; The odd loop; Controlling the loop execution –
break and continue

Unit 5: Arrays and Strings (5 Hrs.)

Introduction to Arrays; Initializing Arrays; The meaning of array indexing; One dimensional and
Multidimensional Arrays; String and Basic functions dedicated to string manipulation

3
Unit 6: Functions (6 Hrs.)
Introduction and types of functions; Declaring, Defining and calling functions; Arguments and
Return Statement; Recursive functions; Function call by value and reference; Variables' scope,
local variables and function parameters; Arrays as function parameter; Void as a parameter;
Parameterizing the main function; External function and variables; Header files; Static variables;
Register Variables

Unit 7: The C Preprocessor (2 Hrs.)

Features of C Preprocessor; Macro Expansion; Macros with Arguments; Macros versus
Functions; File Inclusion; Conditional Compilation; #if and #elif Directives; #undef Directive;
#pragma Directive; The Build Process; Preprocessing; Compiling; Assembling; Linking;
Loading

Unit 8: Pointers (5 Hrs.)

Introduction of Pointers, declaration and initialization of pointer variables; An address, a
reference, a dereference and the sizeof operator; Pointer to nothing (NULL); Pointer assignment;
Pointer Arithmetic; Pointer as argument and Pointer as return values; Pointers vs. arrays;
Dynamic memory allocation

Unit 9: Structure and Unions (5 Hrs.)

Definition of Structure; Array of structures; Passing structure and array of structure to function;
Pointers to structures and arrays of structures; Self-referential structures; Typedef; Table
Lookup; Unions

Unit 10: File Handling (2 Hrs.)

Files vs. streams; Header files needed for stream operations; Opening and closing a stream, open
modes, errno variable; Reading and writing to/from a stream; Predefined streams: stdin, stdout
and stderr; Stream manipulation: fgetc(), fputc(), fgets() and fputs() functions; Raw input/output:
fread() and fwrite() functions; Random access to files

Laboratory Works:
Laboratory work emphasizes the verification of programming concepts learned in class.
Therefore, each unit should include sufficient practical lab exercise.

Text / Reference Books:

1. Let Us C, Yashavant P. Kanetkar
2. Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, The C Programming Language
3. Byron Gottfried, Programming with C, McGraw Hill Education

4
 Digital Logic

Course Title: Digital Logic Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT103 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: I

Course Description:
This course familiarizes students with Number System, Digital Design Fundamentals,
Understand and Design Functions of Combinational Logic, Sequential Logic (Counters,
Registers and Finite State Machine), Memories, Programmable Logic Devices Integrated Circuit
Technologies.

Course Objective:
To provide the concepts used in the design and analysis of digital systems and introduces the
principles of digital computer organization and design.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Number Systems, Operations and Codes (6 Hrs.)
Introduction to Number System, Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Number Systems,
Conversion from one number system to another, Complements of Numbers, Addition and
Subtraction of Binary Numbers, Binary Codes and Error Detection Codes

Unit 2: Digital Design Fundamentals and Boolean algebra (8 Hrs.)

Digital and Analog Signals, Logic Operations, Introduction to the System Concept, Logic Gates
(Basic Gates, Derived Gates, Universal Gates), Logic Function and Boolean Algebra

Unit 3: Simplification of Boolean Functions (5 Hrs.)

K-map, Two and Three variable maps, Four variable maps, product of sum simplification,
NAND and NOR implementation, Don't Care conditions

Unit 4: Combinational Logic (7 Hrs.)

Adders and Subtractors, Parallel Binary Adders, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers, Encoders and
Decoders, Seven segment decoder, Code Converters

Unit 5: Sequential Logic (4 Hrs.)

Latches, Edge-Triggered Flip-Flops, Flip-Flop Operating Characteristics, Flip-Flop Application

Unit 6: Counters, Registers and Memory (9 Hrs.)

Asynchronous Counters, Synchronous Counters, Up/Down Counters, Counter Applications,
Basic Shift Register Operations, Shift Register Types, Bidirectional Shift Registers, Shift
Register Counters, Basic Memory Operations and memory types

Unit 7: Processor Logic Design (6 Hrs.)

Processor Organization, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Design of Arithmetic Circuit, Design of Logic
Circuit, Design of Arithmetic Logic Unit, Status Register, Design of Shifter

5
Laboratory Works:
 Familiarization with Logic Gates
 Encode and Decodes
 Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer
 Design of simple combination Circuits
 Design of Adder/combination Circuits
 Design of Flip Flop
 Clock driven sequential circuits
 Conversion of parallel data into serial format
 Generation of timing signal for sequential system

Text Book:
 Mano M.M., Digital logic and Computer Design, Pearson Education

References Books:
 Mano M.M. and Ciletti M. M, Digital Design, 4thedition
 Brown S. and Vranesic Z., Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design, 3rd
edition, McGraw Hill
 Rafiquzzaman M., Fundamentals of Digital Logic and Microcomputer Design, 5th
edition, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.
 Holdsworth B. and Woods C., Digital Logic Design, 4th edition
 Mano M. M, Kime C. R , Logic and computer design fundamentals, 2nd edition

6
 Basic Mathematics

Course Title: Basic Mathematics Full Marks: 60 +40

Course No: MTH104 Pass Marks: 24 + 16
Nature of the Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: I

Course Description:
This course familiarizes students with functions, limits, continuity, differentiation, integration of
function of one variable, logarithmic, exponential, applications of derivative and antiderivatives,
differential equations, partial derivatives.

Course Objectives:
1. Students will be able to understand and formulate real world problems into mathematical
statements.
2. Students will be able to develop solutions to mathematical problems at the level
appropriate to the course.
3. Students will be able to describe or demonstrate mathematical solutions either
numerically or graphically.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Functions Limits and Continuity (5 Hrs.)
Functions and Their Graphs, Combining Functions; Shifting and Scaling Graphs, Trigonometric
Functions, Graphing with Calculators and Computers, Exponential Functions, Inverse Functions
and Logarithms, Rates of Change and Tangents to Curves.

Unit 2: Limits and Continuity (3 Hrs.)

Limit of a Function and Limit Laws, The Precise Definition of a Limit, One-Sided Limits,
Continuity, Limits Involving Infinity; Asymptotes of Graphs.

Unit 3: Differentiations (5 Hrs.)

Tangents and the Derivative at a Point, The Derivative as a Function, The Derivative as a Rate of
Change, Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions, The Chain Rule, Implicit Differentiation,
Derivatives of Inverse Functions and Logarithms, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Related
Rates.

Unit 4: Applications of Derivatives (5 Hrs.)

Extreme values of functions, The Mean value theorem, Monotonic functions and the first
derivative test, Concavity and Curve sketching, Indeterminate forms and L’Hôpital’s rule,
Applied optimization, Newton’s method.

Unit 5: Integration (5 Hrs.)

Antiderivatives, Area and estimating with finite sums, Sigma notation and Limits of finite sums,
The definite integral, The Fundamental theorem of calculus, Indefinite integrals and the
substitution method, Substitution and Area between curves.

7
Unit 6: Applications of Definite Integrals (3 Hrs.)
Volumes using cross-sections, Volumes using cylindrical Shells, Arc length, Areas of surfaces of
revolution, Work and fluid forces, Moments and centers of mass

Unit 7: Techniques of Integrations (5 Hrs.)

Integration by parts, Trigonometric integrals, Trigonometric substitutions, Integration of rational
functions by partial fractions, Integral tables and computer algebra systems, Numerical
integration, Improper integrals.

Unit 8: First Order Differential Equations (4 Hrs.)

Solutions, Slope Fields, and Euler’s method, First order linear equations, Applications, Graphical
solutions of Autonomous equations, Systems of equations and phase planes.

Unit 9: Infinite Sequence and Series (5 Hrs.)

Sequences, Infinite series, The Integral test, Comparison tests, The Ratio and root tests,
Alternating series, Absolute and Conditional convergence, Power series, Taylor and Maclaurin
series, Convergence of Taylor series.

Unit 10: Partial Derivatives (5 Hrs.)

Functions of several variables, Limits and continuity in higher dimensions, Partial derivatives,
The Chain rule, Directional derivatives and gradient vectors, Tangent planes and differentials,
Extreme values and saddle points Lagrange multipliers, Taylor’s formula for two variables,
Partial derivatives with constrained variables.

Text/Reference Book:
Maurice D. Weir and Joel Hass, Thomas’ Calculus, Early Transcendentals, 12th Edition, 2009.

8
 Sociology

Course Title: Sociology Full Marks: 60 + 40

Course No: SCO105 Pass Marks: 24 + 16
Nature of the Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: I

Course Description:
This course familiarizes students with the subject matter of sociology in terms of broader
understanding of society in relation to information technology. It helps students understand the
importance of sociology as its relationship to other sciences. More importantly, it enhances the
capability of understanding and analyzing society so that they can apply information technology
with better understanding of social structure, social system, social processes, and social
institutions to bring social change using new information technology.

Course Objectives:
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
 Describe sociology and discuss its relationship to other sciences (social sciences; history,
psychology, anthropology, economics and political science including management and
education as well as pure sciences; information technology, biology, and so on).
 Comprehend and explain the fundamental sociological concepts.
 Discuss social structure, social system, social processes, etc. in relation to information
technology
 Analyze social structure, social system, cultural practices and develop a framework of
applying new information technology in proper way.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction (9 Hrs.)
a) What is sociology? Sociological viewpoint; the origins of sociology; perspectives
within sociology; sociology and social concerns; sociology’s four realms.
b) Relationship between sociology and other social and natural sciences: focus on
sociology and information technology; biology; chemistry; anthropology;
psychology; management; education; law, etc.
c) Traditional society and technological society
d) Sociology and the twenty first century

Unit 2: The Fundamentals of Society (9 Hrs.)

a) Culture: culture and human intelligence; culture, nation, and society
b) The components of culture: symbols; language; values and beliefs; norms; ideal and
real culture; material culture and technology; new information technology and culture
c) Development of culture around the world: cultural universals; globalization,
diffusion, and technology

9
Unit 3: The Social Structure (12 Hrs.)
a) The sustaining forces of codes and custom: the more and social control; the major
forms of social codes; social codes and the individual life
b) The major forms of social structure: types of social groups; the family; the
community; city, country, and region; social class and caste; ethnic and racial groups;
herd, crowd, and mass communication; associations and interests; the great
association: political and economic; functional systems
c) Information technology and social structure

Unit 4: Social Institutions and Processes (9 Hrs.)

a) Social structure, societies and civilizations
b) Science, technology and society
c) Economic institutions,
d) Political institutions,
e) The family and kinship
f) Social differentiation and stratification

Unit 5: Social Change (6 Hrs.)

a) Change, development, progress
b) Factors in social change
c) Modernity
d) Post-modernity
e) Globalization and changing world

Unit 6: Application of Sociology (3 Hrs.)

a) Sociology, social policy and social planning,
b) Social problems

Required Readings:
Unit 1: Introduction
Curry, Tim, Jiobu, Robert and Schwirian, Kent. 2008. Sociology for the Twenty First Century.
Fifth Edition. Pp. [Link] Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Schaefer, Richard T. 2006. Sociology: A Brief Introduction. Sixth Edition. Pp. 3-26. New Delhi:
TATA MCGRAW-HILL.
Inkeles, Alex. 2001. What is sociology? An introduction to the discipline and profession. Pp. 1-
17; 18-24; 28-46. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India pvt. Ltd.
Macionis, John J. 1987. Sociology. Eighth Edition. Pp. 1-24. New Jersey: Prentice Hall of India.
Haralambos, M. And Heald, R. M. 2009. Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Thirty-fourth
Impression. Pp. 1-23. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
MacIver, R.M. & Page, C.H. 2001. Society: An Introductory Analysis. Reprinted. Pp. 1-23. New
Delhi: MACMILLAN.
Rocher, Guy. 2004. A General Introduction to Sociology: A Theoretical Perspective. Pp. 2-5;
210-255. Calcutta, India: Academic Publishers.
McQuail, Denis. 1985. Sociology of Mass Communication. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 11
(1985), pp. 93-111. Stable URL: [Link] Accessed: 05-10-
2017 07:12 UTC.

10
Buttel, Frederick H. 1991 September. Beyond Deference and Demystification in the Sociology
of Science and Technology: A Reply to Otero. Sociological Forum, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Sep.,
1991), pp. 567-577. Stable URL: [Link] Accessed: 05-10-
2017 07:18 UTC.
Castells, Manuel. 2000, Sep. Toward a Sociology of the Network Society. Contemporary
Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 5 (Sep., 2000), pp. 693-699. Stable URL:
[Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:19 UTC.
Wynn, Jonathan R. 2009 June. Digital Sociology: Emergent Technologies in the Field and the
Classroom. Sociological Forum, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 2009), pp. 448-456. Stable URL:
[Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:23 UTC.
Woolgar, Steve. 1985 November. Why not a Sociology of Machines? The Case of Sociology and
Artificial Intelligence. Sociology, Vol. 19, No. 4 (November 1985), pp. 557-572. Stable
URL: [Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:22 UTC.
Rafael, Erwin F. 2013 July-December. Technology as a Social System: A Systems Theoretical
Conceptualization. Philippine Sociological Review, Vol. 61, No. 2, Classical Sociological
Theory in Contemporary Practice. (July-December 2013), pp. 319-347. Stable URL:
[Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:30 UTC.

Unit 2: The Fundamentals of Society

MacIver, R.M. & Page, C.H. 2001. Society: An Introductory Analysis. Reprinted. Pp. 136-507.
New Delhi: MACMILLAN.
Macionis, John J. 1987. Sociology. Eighth Edition. Pp. 59-88. New Jersey: Prentice Hall of India.
Schaefer, Richard T. 2006. Sociology: A Brief Introduction. Sixth Edition. Pp. 55-78. New Delhi:
TATA MCGRAW-HILL.
Curry, Tim, Jiobu, Robert and Schwirian, Kent. 2008. Sociology for the Twenty First Century.
Fifth Edition. Pp. [Link] Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
MacIver, R.M. & Page, C.H. 2001. Society: An Introductory Analysis. Reprinted. Pp. 41-71.
New Delhi: MACMILLAN.
Luthar, Breda and Samo Kropivnik. 2011. Class, Cultural Capital, and the Mobile Phone.
Sociologický Časopis / Czech Sociological Review, Vol. 47, No. 6 (2011), pp. 1091-1118.
Stable URL: [Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:30 UTC.

Unit 3: The Social Structure

MacIver, R.M. & Page, C.H. 2001. Society: An Introductory Analysis. Reprinted. Pp. 136-507.
New Delhi: MACMILLAN.
Mckee, James B. 1981. Sociology: The Study of Society. Pp. 287-408. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston.
Pfeffer, Jeffrey and Huseyin Leblebici. 1977 Apr. Information Technology and Organizational
Structure. The Pacific Sociological Review, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr., 1977), pp. 241-261.
Stable URL: [Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:12 UTC.
Lyon, David. 1987 August. Information Technology and Information Society: A response to
Fincham. Sociology, Vol. 21, No. 3 (August 1987), pp. 467-468. Stable URL:
[Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:15 UTC.

11
Unit 4: Social Institutions and Processes
Bottomore, T. B. 1986. Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature. New Edition. Pp. 113-
216. New Delhi: Blackie & Son (India).
Davis, Kingsley. 1981. Human Society. First Indian Reprint. Pp. 435-550. New Delhi: Surjeet
Publications.
Mckee, James B. 1981. Sociology: The Study of Society. Pp. 287-408. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston.
Mellor, Philip A. 2004 Winter. Religion, Culture and Society in the 'Information Age'. Sociology
of Religion, Vol. 65, No. 4, Special Issue: [Culture and Constraint in the Sociology of
Religion] (Winter, 2004), pp. 357-371. Stable URL: [Link]
Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:29 UTC.

Unit 5: Social Change

Bottomore, T. B. 1986. Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature. New Edition. Pp. 283-
314. New Delhi: Blackie & Son (India).
Curry, Tim, Jiobu, Robert and Schwirian, Kent. 2008. Sociology for the Twenty First Century.
Fifth Edition. Pp. [Link] Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Macionis, John J. 1987. Sociology. Eighth Edition. Pp. 623-647. New Jersey: Prentice Hall of
India.
Giddens, Anthony. 2006. Sociology. Fifth Edition. Pp. 30-71. New Delhi: Polity Press.

Unit 6: Application of Sociology

Guthrie, Doug. 1999 Winter. A Sociological Perspective on the Use of Technology: The
Adoption of Internet Technologyin U.S. Organizations. Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 42,
No. 4 (Winter, 1999), pp. 583-603. Stable URL: [Link]
Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:12 UTC.
Bottomore, T. B. 1986. Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature. New Edition. Pp. 315-
343. New Delhi: Blackie & Son (India).
Diebold, John. 1962 March. The Application of Information Technology. The Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 340, Automation (Mar., 1962), pp.
38-45. Stable URL: [Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:11
UTC.
Fox, Nick, Katie Ward and Alan O'Rourke. 2006 April. A Sociology of Technology Governance
for the Information Age: The Case of Pharmaceuticals, Consumer Advertising and the
Internet. Sociology, Vol. 40, No. 2 (APRIL 2006), pp. 315-334. Stable URL:
[Link] Accessed: 05-10-2017 07:17 UTC.

12
 Microprocessor and Computer Architecture

Course Title: Microprocessor and Computer Architecture Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT151 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: II

Course Description:
This course aims at providing fundamental knowledge about computer architecture, Instruction
cycle, components of Microprocessor, Intel 8085 and assembly programming.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide basic knowledge of components of
Microprocessor, block diagram and assembly language programming using Intel 8085, SAP1
and SAP2 computer architecture, timing diagrams, instruction cycles, machine cycles, control
unit, central processing unit, RISC, CISC, Direct Memory Access, Interrupts, serial and parallel
interfaces.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction to Microprocessor (6 Hrs.)
Components of a Microprocessor: Registers, ALU, Control and Timing, System Buses,
Microprocessor Systems with Bus Organization, Introduction to SAP1 and SAP2

Unit 2: Intel 8085 (8 Hrs.)

Functional Block Diagram and Pin Configuration, Timing and control Unit, Registers, Data and
Address Bus, Intel 8085 Instructions, Operation Code and Operands, Addressing Modes,
Interrupts, Flags, Institutions and Data Flow inside 8085, Basic Assembly Language
Programming Using 8085 Instruction Sets

Unit 3: Microoperations (3 Hrs.)

Arithmetic Microoperations, Logic Microoperations, Shift Microoperations, Arithmetic Logic
Shift Unit

Unit 4: Control Unit and Central Processing Unit (9 Hrs.)

Control Unit of Basic Computer, Computer Arithmetic (Adder, Subtractor, Divider, and
Multiplicator), Timing Signal, Micro-Instruction and Micro-Operation Format, Symbolic
Microinstructions, Symbolic Micro-program, Binary Micro-Program, Register Organization,
Register Stack and Memory Stack, Data transfer and Manipulation, Introduction to RISC and
CISC

Unit 5: Fixed point Computer Arithmetic (5 Hrs.)

Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Algorithm

13
Unit 6: Input and Output Organization (5 Hrs.)
Introduction to Peripheral Devices, I/O interface, Direct Memory Access (DMA), I/O Processor,
Data communication processor

Unit 7: Memory Organization (5 Hrs.)

Hierarchy of Memory System, Primary and Secondary Memory, Virtual Memory, Memory
Management hardware

Unit 8: Pipelining (4 Hrs.)

Concept of Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, Data Dependency, Handling of
branch Instruction

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory works should be carried out in 8085 trainer kit. The programming should include
arithmetic operation, base conversion, conditional branching etc.

Text Books:
1. Ramesh S. Gaonkar: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with
8085, prentice Hall
2. Morris Mano: Computer system Architecture, Third Edition, prentice Hall

Reference Books:
1. Malvino: Digital Computer system Electronics (An introduction to Microcomputers)
2. Douglas V. Hall: Microprocessor and Interfacing programming and Hardware, McGraw Hill

14
 Discrete Structure
Course Title: Discrete Structure Full Marks: 60+20+20
Course No: BIT152 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of Course: Theory + Lab Credit hours: 3
Semester: II

Course Description: The course introduces the basic concepts of discrete mathematics such as
introductory logic, proofs, sets, relations, functions, counting and probability, with an emphasis
on applications in information technology.

Course Objectives: The main objective of the course is to introduce basic concepts of discrete
mathematics, understand the concepts of graphs, functions, relations and number theory
respectively and explore applications of discrete mathematics in information technology.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Logic and Proof Methods (6 Hrs.)
Propositional Logic: Propositional Logic, Propositional Equivalences, Rule of inferences, Valid
Arguments.

Predicate Logics: Predicates and Quantifiers, Negation of Quantified Statements, Proof of

quantified statements, Nested Quantifiers, Rules of Inferences, Translating English Sentence to
predicate logic expressions.

Proof Methods: Basic Terminologies, Proof Methods (Direct Proof, Indirect Proof, Proof by
Contradiction, Proof By Contraposition, Exhaustive Proofs and Proof by Cases), Mistakes in
Proof

Unit 2: Sets, Relations and Functions (7 Hrs.)

Sets: Sets and Subsets, Power Set, Cartesian Product, Set Operations, Venn Diagram, Inclusion-
Exclusion Principle, Computer Representation of Sets.
Relations: Relations and their Properties, N-ary Relations with Applications, Representing
Relations, Closure of Relations, Equivalence Relations, Partial Ordering
Functions: Basic Concept, Injective and Bijective Functions, Inverse and Composite Functions,
Graph of Functions, Functions for Computer Science (Ceiling Function, Floor Function, Boolean
Function, Exponential Function)

Unit 3: Induction and Recursion (5 Hrs.)

Induction: mathematical Induction, Strong Induction and Well Ordering, Induction in General
Recursive Definitions and Structural Induction, Recursive Algorithms, Proving Correctness of
Recursive Algorithms.

Unit 4: Number Theory (6 Hrs.)

Integers: Integers and Division, Primes and Greatest Common Divisor, Extended Euclidean
Algorithm, Integers and Algorithms, Applications of Number Theory (Linear Congruencies,
Chinese Remainder Theorem, Computer Arithmetic with Large Integers)
Matrices: Zero-One Matrices, Boolean Matrix Operations

15
Prime Number and its applications

Unit 5: Counting and Discrete Probability (9 Hrs.)

Counting: Basics of Counting, Pigeonhole Principle, Permutations and Combinations, Two
Element Subsets, Counting Subsets of a Set, Binomial Coefficients, Generalized Permutations
and Combinations, Generating Permutations and Combinations with examples.
Discrete Probability: Introduction to Discrete Probability, Probability Theory, Probability
Calculation in Hashing, Expected Value and Variance, Randomized Algorithms
Advanced Counting: Recurrence Relations, Solving Recurrence Relations (Homogeneous and
Non-Homogeneous equations),

Unit 6: Tree and Graphs (11 Hrs.)

Graphs: Graphs Basics, Graph Types, Graph Models, Graph Representation, Graph
Isomorphism, Connectivity in Graphs, Euler and Hamiltonian Path and Circuits, Matching
Theory, Shortest Path Algorithm (Dijkstra’s Algorithm), Travelling Salesman Problem, Graph
Coloring
Trees: Introduction and Applications, Tree Traversals, Spanning Trees, Minimum Spanning
Trees (Kruskal’s Algorithm)

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory work consists of implementing the algorithms and concepts discussed in the class.
Student should implement problems with following concepts;
• Set Operations, relations and functions
• Primality Testing, Number Theory Algorithms, and Operations on Integers
• Counting and Some Recursive Algorithms
• Predicate Logic
• Algorithms for Tree, Graphs

Text / Reference Books:

1. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete mathematics and its applications, Seventh Edition McGraw
Hill Publication, 2012.
2. Bernard Kolman, Robert Busby, Sharon C. Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures, Sixth
Edition Pearson Publications, 2015
3. Joe L Mott, Abraham Kandel, Theodore P Baker, Discrete Mathematics for Computer
Scientists and Mathematicians, Printice Hall of India, Second Edition, 2008

16
 Object Oriented Programming
Course Title: Object Oriented Programming Full Marks: 60+20+20
Course No: BIT153 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of Course: Theory + Lab Credit hours: 3
Semester: II

Course Description: The course familiarizes students with the concepts of object oriented
programming using C++.

Course Objective: The main objective of this course is to understand the basics of object
oriented programming. This course covers the C++ concepts such as objects, class, operator
overloading, inheritance and polymorphism, file I/O, exception handling and templates.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming (3 Hrs.)
Overview of structured and object oriented programming approach, Characteristics of object
oriented languages

Unit 2: Basics of C++ programming (5 Hrs.)

C++ Program Structure, Character Set and Tokens, Data Type, Type Conversion, Preprocessor
Directives, Namespace, Input/Output Streams and Manipulators, Dynamic Memory Allocation
with new and delete, Control Statements.
Functions: Function Overloading, Inline Functions, Default Argument, Pass by Reference,
Return by Reference, Scope and Storage Class.
Pointers: Pointer variables declaration & initialization, Operators in pointers, Pointers and
Arrays, Pointer and Function.

Unit 3: Class and Objects (8 Hrs.)

Class and Object, Accessing members of class, Initialization of class object (Constructor),
Destructor, Default Constructor, Parameterized Constructor, Copy Constructor, The Default
Copy Constructor, Objects as Function Arguments, Returning Objects from Functions,
Structures and Classes, Memory allocation for Objects, Static members, Member functions
defined outside the class.

Unit 4: Operator Overloading (7 Hrs.)

Fundamental of operator overloading, Restriction on operator overloading, Operator functions as
a class members, Overloading unary and binary operator, Data Conversion (basic to basic, basic
to user-defined, user-defined to basic, user-defined to user-defined)

Unit 5: Inheritance (7 Hrs.)

Introduction to inheritance, Derived Class and Base Class, Access Specifiers (private, protected,
and public), Types of inheritance, Public and Private Inheritance, Constructor and Destructor in
derived classes, Aggregation, Ambiguity

17
Unit 6: Virtual Function, Polymorphism, and other C++ Features (5 Hrs.)
Concept of Virtual functions, Late Binding, Abstract class and pure virtual functions, Virtual
Destructors, Virtual base class, Friend function and Static function, Assignment and copy
initialization, Copy constructor, This pointer, Concrete classes, Polymorphism and its roles.

Unit 7: Function Templates and Exception Handling (4 Hrs.)

Function templates, Function templates with multiple arguments, Class templates, templates and
inheritance, Exceptional Handling (Try, throw and catch), Use of exceptional handling.

Unit 8: File and Streams (6 Hrs.)

Stream Class Hierarchy, String I/O (Reading I/O, Writing I/0, Detecting end of file), Character
I/O, Object I/O (Writing an object to Disk, Reading an object from Disk), File pointers

Laboratory Works:
Students should be able to implement the above mentioned concepts of Object Oriented
Programming using C++ language.

Text Book:
1. Robert Lafore, Object Oriented Programming in C++, Fourth Edition, SAMS publications.

Reference Books:
1. Deitel and Deitel, C++ How to Program, Third Edition, Pearson Publication.
2. Joyce Farrell, Object-oriented programming using C++, Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning.
3. Herbert Schildt, C++ The Complete Reference, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publication.

18
 Basic Statistics

Course Title: Basic Statistics Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: STA154 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: II

Course Description:
The course familiarizes students with the basic concepts of statistics including introduction,
diagrammatical and graphical representation, descriptive statistics, probability, random variables,
sampling, and correlation and regression.

Course Objective:
To impart the knowledge of descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, concept of sampling and
sampling distribution, theoretical as well as applied knowledge of probability and some probability
distributions.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction (5 Hrs.)
Basic concept of statistics; Application of Statistics in different fields including information
technology; Scales of measurement; Variables; Types of Data and data source; Data preparation-
editing, coding, and transcribing.

Unit 2: Diagrammatical and Graphical Presentation of Data (3 Hrs.)

Bar diagrams; Pie diagrams; Pareto chart; Graph of frequency distribution

Unit 3: Descriptive Statistics (7 Hrs)

Measures of central tendency; Measures of dispersion; Measures of skewness; Measures of
kurtosis; Moments; Steam and leaf display; five number summary; box plot.
Problems and illustrative examples related to IT

Unit 4: Introduction to Probability (7 Hrs.)

Concepts of probability; Definitions of probability; Laws of probability; Bayes theorem; prior and
posterior probabilities
Problems and illustrative examples related to IT

Unit 5: Random Variables and Mathematical Expectation (3 Hrs.)

Concept of a random variable; Types of random variables; Probability distribution of a random
variable; Mathematical expectation of a random variable; Addition and multiplicative theorems
of expectation(without proof).
Problems and illustrative examples related to IT

19
 Unit 6: Probability Distributions (6 Hrs.)
Probability distribution function; Binomial distribution; Poisson distribution; Normal distribution
and their characteristic features. Applications of these distributions in IT related data problems.

Problems and illustrative examples related to computer Science and IT

Unit 7: Sampling and Sampling Distribution (7 Hrs.)

Definitions of population; sample survey vs. census survey; sampling error and non sampling
error; Types of sampling; Standard error of mean; standard error of proportion; sampling
distribution of mean and proportion; Need of inferential Statistics; Concept of estimation;
confidence interval estimation for mean and proportion.
Problems and illustrative examples related to IT

Unit 8: Correlation and Linear Regression (7 Hrs.)

Bivariate data; Bivariate frequency distribution; Correlation between two variables; Karl
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation(r); Spearman’s rank correlation; Regression Analysis: Fitting
of lines of regression by the least squares method; coefficient of determination

Problems and illustrative examples related to IT

Laboratory Works:
Practical (Computational Statistics):
Practical problems to be covered in the Computerized Statistics laboratory

Practical problems
S. No. Title of the practical problems No. of
(Using any statistical software such as Microsoft Excel, SPSS, STATA etc. practical
whichever convenient). problems
1 Diagrammatical and graphical presentation of data 1
Computation of measures of central tendency (ungrouped and grouped data)
2 Use of an appropriate measure and interpretation of results and computation 1
of partition Values
Computation measures of dispersion (ungrouped and grouped data) and
1
3 computation of coefficient of variation.
Measures of skewness and kurtosis using method of moments, Measures of
4 2
Skewness using Box and whisker plot.
Scatter diagram, correlation coefficient (ungrouped data) and interpretation.
5 1
Compute manually and check with computer output.
Fitting of simple linear regression model (Results to be verified with
6 1
computer output), Mean residual sum of squares, residual plot
7 Conditional probability and Bayes theorem 3
8 Problems related to Binomial, Poisson and Normal probability distributions 2
Problems related sampling and sampling distribution of mean and
9 3
proportion, confidence interval estimation for mean and proportion
Total number of practical problems 15

20
Text Books:
1. Michael Baron (2013). Probability and Statistics for Computer Scientists. 2nd Ed., CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis Group, A Chapman & Hall Book.

2. Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers, & Keying Ye(2012). Probability
& Statistics for Engineers & Scientists. 9th Ed., Printice Hall.

Reference Books:
1. Douglas C. Montgomery & George C. Ranger (2003). Applied Statistics and Probability for
Engineers. 3rd Ed., John Willey and Sons, Inc.
2. Richard A. Johnson (2001). Probability and Statistics for Engineers. 6th Ed., Pearson
Education, India

21
 Economics

Course Title: Economics Full Marks: 60 + 40

Course No: ECO155 Pass Marks: 24 + 16
Nature of the Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: II

Course Description:
This course covers the basic concepts of microeconomics and macroeconomics. In encompasses
basic economic problems, demand, supply, market equilibrium, elasticity of demand and supply,
consumer choice, production, cost, revenue, market structure, concept of national product and
income and its measurement, monetary and fiscal policies.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to make students familiar with the basic concepts of
economics.

Course Content:
Unit 1: Economic Issues and Concepts (4 Hrs.)
Introduction to economics with reference to Alfred Marshall and Lionel Robbins’ definitions ;
Concept of microeconomics and its scope; Main characteristics of free market, centrally planned
and mixed economic systems; Society’s production possibility curve/frontier, and choice,
scarcity and opportunity cost

Unit 2: Demand, Supply and Price (10 Hrs.)

Meaning of demand and supply; Law of demand and supply; Individual and market demand and
supply (with schedule and graph/curve); movement along and shift of a demand and supply
curves; market equilibrium: the interplay of demand and supply; change in market equilibrium
due to factors shifting the demand and supply curves; price, income and cross-price elasticities of
demand and their measurement by percentage and arc/mid-point methods; price elasticity of
supply; concept of consumer and producer surpluses; government intervention in the market
through price floor ,price ceiling and taxand effect

Unit 3: Consumer Choice: Indifference Theory (6 Hrs.)

Concept of utility, total utility and marginal utility; Law of diminishing marginal utility;
Indifference curve analysis: Meaning and assumptions of indifference curve analysis; basic
properties of indifference curves; right-angled (L-shaped) and linear (straight line) indifference
curves, marginal rate of substitution (MRS); consumer’s budget line; consumer’s equilibrium,
income consumption curve (ICC) and price consumption curve (PCC) for normal, inferior, and
Giffen goods.

22
Unit 4: Production (6 Hrs.)
Meaning of production and production function (Cobb-Douglas production function) ;
production with one variable input: the law of diminishing marginal productivity/returns;
production with two variable inputs: concept of isoquant; property of isoquants ;right-angled(L-
shaped) and linear(straight line) isoquants; concept of isocost curve (meaning, equation, slope);
producer’s equilibrium ,condition for optimum employment of one, two and many inputs/factors
of production; Production in the long run: Concepts of returns to scale with possible causes of
each

Unit 5: Costs and Revenue (5 Hrs.)

Concept of economic cost as a sum of explicit and implicit costs; concept of short run total costs
(fixed and variable) and unit costs (average fixed, average variable, average total, and marginal)
and their curves; relation between average variable, average total and marginal costs; costs in the
long run: average and marginal costs; causes of U-shaped and L-shaped long run average cost
curves
Concepts of total, average and marginal revenues and their curves in the perfect competition and
imperfect competition markets

Unit 6: Market Structure (8 Hrs.)

Perfect competition: characteristics, and price and output determination in the short and long run
using the total and marginal approaches; Monopoly market: Characteristics, sources of
monopoly, and price and output determination in the short and long run using the total and
marginal approaches; Monopolistic competition: Features and price –output determination using
total and marginal approaches; Oligopoly market: Basic features/characteristics; centralised
cartel

Unit 7: National Product and its Measurement (4 Hrs.)

Concept of macroeconomics and its scope; Concepts of gross domestic product (GDP), gross
national income (GNI), net national product (NNP),national income(NI), personal
income(PI),disposable personal income(DPI); measurement of national income and output by
expenditure, income (cost of production) and value added approaches.

Unit 8: Macroeconomic Policies (2 Hrs.)

Concept of expansionary and contractionary fiscal and monetary policies; tools of fiscal and
monetary policies

Text / Reference Books:

1. Lipsey, R.G., &Chrystal, K.A. (2008). Economics, 11th ed., (Indian Edition).New Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
2. Samuelson, P.A. & Nordhaus, W.D. (2005). Economics, 18thed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-
Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

23
 Data Structures and Algorithms

Course Title: Data Structures and Algorithms Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT201 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: III

Course Description:
The course familiarizes students with different concepts of data structures, abstract types, and
algorithms.

Course Objective:
This course aims to provide sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of data structure and
algorithms required to build efficient programs.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Background and Concept of Data Structures (2 Hrs.)
o Introduction: Data Types, Data Structure, Abstract Data Type
o Background for Data Structure: Array, Array as an ADT, Structure, Pointer, Class in C++

Unit 2: Algorithms (2 Hrs.)

o Fundamentals of Algorithm
o Elementary Analysis of algorithm with asymptotic notations and their properties, time and
space complexities

Unit 3: Stack (4 Hrs.)

o Definition
o Primitive Operations, Stack as an ADT
o Stack Applications: Evaluation of Infix, Postfix and Prefix expressions, converting from infix
to postfix

Unit 3: Queue (3 Hrs.)

o Definition
o Primitive Operations, Queue as an ADT
o Circular and Priority Queues

Unit 4: Recursion (2 Hrs.)

o Definition and Principle
o Application of recursion with TOH problem, Factorial, Fibonacci Sequences

24
Unit 5: List (9 Hrs.)
o Definition, Static and Dynamic List Structure
o Operations on Linked List
o Linked implementation of a stack
o Linked implementation of a queue
o Circular Linked List
o Doubly Linked List
o Doubly Circular Linked List

Unit 6: Tree (7 Hrs.)

o Definition and basic terminologies
o Binary Tree: Introduction, Types of Binary Tree, Operations
o Binary Search Tree: Insertion, Deletion, Searching
o Tree Traversal: Pre-order traversal, In-order traversal, Post-order traversal
o Applications of Binary Tree

Unit 7: Sorting (6 Hrs.)

o Introduction and types of sorting
o Algorithm and implementation of Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, Quick Sort,
Merge Sort
o Comparison and Efficiency of sorting algorithms

Unit 8: Searching (5 Hrs.)

o Introduction
o Sequential Search, Binary Search and Tree Search
o Comparison and Efficiency of Searching
o Hashing

Unit 9: Graph (5 Hrs.)

o Definition, Representation of Graph, Types of Graph
o Graph Traversal: Depth First Search, Breadth First Search
o Spanning Tree, Prim’s Algorithm, Kruskal’s algorithm and Round Robin Algorithm
o Shortest Path Algorithm, Greedy and Dijkstra’s Algorithm

Laboratory works:
Data Structure and Algorithm is highly practical oriented course. Each unit should include plenty
of programming practices. Laboratory work should include implementation of Stack, Queue,
Lists, Tree, Graphs, and Recursive functions as well as implementation of Sorting Algorithms
and Searching Algorithms.

Text Book:
1. Data structure using C and C++, Langsam, Augenstein, Tenenbaum

References Books:
1. Horowitz and Sahni, Fundamentals of Data Structures
2. Aho, Hopcroft and Ullman, Data Structure and Algorithms

25
 Database Management System

Course Title: Database Management System Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT202 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: III

Course Description:
The course covers the basic concepts of databases, database system concepts and architecture,
data modeling using ER diagram, relational model, SQL, relational algebra and calculus,
normalization, transaction processing, concurrency control, and database recovery.

Course Objective:
The main objective of this course is to introduce the basic concepts of database, data modeling
techniques using entity relationship diagram, relational algebra and calculus, basic and advanced
features SQL, normalization, transaction processing, concurrency control, and recovery
techniques.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Database Concepts and Architecture (4 Hrs.)
Database, Database Management System, Database Users, and Benefits of Databases; Data
Models, Schemas, and Instances; Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence; Database
Languages and Interfaces; the Database System Environment; Centralized and Client/Server
Architectures for DBMSs; Classification of Database Management Systems

Unit 2: Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relational Model (5 Hrs.)

Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design; Entity Types, Entity Sets,
Attributes, and Keys; Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints;
Weak Entity Types; ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues; Relationship Types
of Degree Higher Than Two; Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance; Specialization and
Generalization; Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization

Unit 3: The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints (5 Hrs.)
Relational Model Concepts; Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas;
Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations; Basic Relational
Algebra Operations

Unit 4: SQL (10 Hrs.)

Data Definition and Data Types; Specifying Constraints; Basic Retrieval Queries; Complex
Retrieval Queries; INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements; Views

Unit 5: Relational Database Design (7 Hrs.)

Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping; Informal Design Guidelines for
Relational Schemas; Functional Dependencies; Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys; General
Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms; Boyce-Codd Normal Form; Multivalued
Dependency and Fourth Normal Form; Properties of Relational Decomposition

26
Unit 6: Transaction Processing and Concurrency Control, and Recovery (8 Hrs.)
Introduction to Transaction Processing; Transaction and System Concepts; Desirable Properties
of Transactions; Serializable Schedule; Two-Phase Locking and Timestamp Ordering
Concurrency Control Techniques

Unit 7: Database Recovery Techniques (3 Hrs.)

Recovery Concepts; NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update; Recovery
Technique Based on Immediate Update; Shadow Paging; Database Backup and Recovery from
Catastrophic Failures

Unit 8: NoSQL (3 Hrs.)

Structured and Unstructured Data, Introduction to NoSQL Databases, Discussion of basic architecture
of Hbase, Cassandra and MongoDb.

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory work includes writing database programs to create and query databases using
basic and advanced features of structured query language (SQL).

Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Database Systems; Seventh Edition; RamezElmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe;
Pearson Education
2. Database System Concepts; Sixth Edition; AviSilberschatz, Henry F Korth, S Sudarshan;
McGraw-Hill
3. NoSQL for Dummies; Adam Fowler; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Reference Books:
1. Database Management Systems; Third Edition; Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke;
McGraw-Hill
2. A First Course in Database Systems; Jaffrey D. Ullman, Jennifer Widom; Third Edition;
Pearson Education Limited

27
 Numerical Methods

Course Title: Numerical Methods Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT203 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: III

Course Description:
This course covers different concepts of numerical techniques of solving non-linear equations,
system of linear equations, integration and differentiation, and ordinary and partial differential
equations.

Course Objective:
The main objective of this course is to provide concepts of numerical techniques for solving
different types of equations and developing algorithms for solving scientific problems.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Solution of Nonlinear Equations (7 Hrs.)
Errors in Numerical Calculations, Sources of Errors, Propagation of Errors, Review of
Taylor's Theorem
Concept of Non-linear Equations, Solving Non-linear Equations: Trial and Error Method,
Bisection Method, Newton Raphson Method, Secant Method, Fixed Point Method, False
Position Method, Newton's Method for Calculating Multiple Roots, Evaluating Polynomials
with Horner's Method

Unit 2: Interpolation and Regression (8 Hrs.)

Concept of Interpolation and Extrapolation, Lagrange's Interpolation, Newton's
Interpolation using divided differences, forward differences and backward differences.
Concept of Regression, Regression vs. Interpolation, Least Squares Methods, Linear
Regression, Non-linear Regression: Exponential and Polynomial

Unit 3: Numerical Differentiation and Integration (9 Hrs.)

Concept of Differentiation, Differentiating Continuous Functions (Two-Point and Three-
Point Formula), Differentiating Tabulated Functions by using Newton’s Differences,
Maxima and minima of Tabulated Functions
Concept of Integration, Newton-Cote's Quadrature Formulas, Trapezoidal rule, Multi-
Segment Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3 rule, Multi-Segment Simpson's 1/3 rule, Simpson's
3/8 rule, Multi-Segment Simpson's 3/8 rule

28
Unit 4: Solving System of Linear Equations (8 Hrs.)
Existence of Solutions, Properties of Matrices, Matrix Representation, Gaussian
Elimination Method, Partial and Complete Pivoting, Gauss-Jordan method, Inverse of matrix
using Gauss-Jordan method
Matrix factorization and Solving System of Linear Equations by using Do-little and
Cholesky'salgorithm
Iterative Solutions of System of Linear Equations, Jacobi Iteration Method, Gauss-Seidal
Method
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors Problems, Power Method.

Unit 5: Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (8 Hrs.)

Concept of Differential Equations, Initial Value Problem, Taylor Series Method, Euler's
Method, Heun's Method, Runge-Kutta Methods
Solving System of Ordinary Differential Equations, Solution of the Higher Order
Equations, Boundary Value Problems, Shooting Method

Unit 6: Solution of Partial Differential Equations (5 Hrs.)

Concept of Partial Differential Equations, Classification of PDE, Deriving Difference
Equations, Laplacian Equation and Poisson's Equation.

Laboratory works:
The laboratory exerciseshould consist programs for implementing
 Non-linear equations
 System of linear equations
 Interpolation and Regression
 Numerical integration and differentation
 Solving ordinary and partial differential equations

Text Books:
1. W. Chency and D. Kincaid, "Numerical Mathematics and Computing", 7thEdition,
Brooks Cole Publisher
2. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, "Applied Numerical Analysis", 9thEdition, Addison
Wesley Publisher

Reference Books:
1. W.H. Press, B.P. Flannery et al., "Numerical Recipes: Art of Scientific Computing", 3rd
Edition, Cambridge Press.
2. J. M. Mathews and K. Fink, “Numerical Methods using MATLAB “, 4 rd Edition, Prentice
Hall Publication

29
 Operating Systems

Course Title: Operating Systems Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT204 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: III

Course Description:
The course covers fundamental concepts of operating system as well as, Process management,
Memory management, File systems, and I/O Managements and Disk Managements.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to introduce fundamental concepts of operating system and
its components and functions.

Course contents:
Unit 1: Introduction and Evolution (6 Hrs.)
Background of Operating system, Operating System as an Extended Machine and Resource
Manager, hardware review.
Evolution of Operating System: batch system, multiprogramming, time-sharing, real-time,
mainframe operating systems, handheld, embedded, smart-card, distributed and personal
computer operating systems.
Operating system Concepts: Hardware Review, Booting Computer, System Calls, Address
Spaces, Files, Client-Server Model.

Unit 2: System Structures (4 Hrs.)

Operating system Components: Process Managements, Memory Managements, I/O
managements, Operating system services and system calls
Operating system structures: Monolithic system, Layered system, Micro Kernels, Exo
Kernels, Virtual Machines, Storage Structures, I/O structures, Files structures, and system
Protections:

Unit 3: Process Management and Synchronization (10 Hrs.)

Process management: Process Model, Process creation, process termination, process states,
attributes; Thread Model: thread creation, termination, User Thread and Kernel Thread.,
Process scheduling and Context Switch, Scheduling Algorithms: First Come First Serve,
Shortest Job First, Priority, Round Robin and Shortest time Remaining First.
Inter-process communication and synchronization: race conditions, critical regions, mutual
exclusion, busy waiting, sleep and wakeup, semaphores, monitors, message passing,
classical IPC problems and Deadlock Modelling, Deadlock Handling: Prevention, detection
and Recovery.

30
Unit 4: Memory Management and File system (13 Hrs.)
Memory management: address spaces, multiprogramming, swapping, overlays, Memory
allocations, Fragmentations, virtual memory, paging, page replacements algorithms:
Principle of optimality, First in First out, LRU, LFU, NRU, Clock, Second Chance Page
replacement, Working set, segmentation, and segmentation with paging.
File systems: File operations, Access Methods, Directories and Levels, Directories
Operations, file system mounting and sharing, protection, access Control, File system layout,
File system Implementation, File system Examples.

Unit 4: Input/output Management (12 Hrs.)

Input Output management: I/O devices, Devices Controller, Memory Mapped I/O, Direct
Memory Access (DMA), I/O software Principles: programmed I/O, Interrupt driven I/O,
DMA based I/O, I/O Software Layers.
Disk management: Disk structure, Disk scheduling, error handling and formatting, stable
storage management.

Text / Reference Books:

1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall.
2. Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, Operating System Concepts, 6th Edition, Addition Wesley.

31
 Principles of Management

Course Title: Principles of Management Full Marks: 60 + 40

Course No: MGT205 Pass Marks: 24 + 16
Nature of the Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: III

Course Description:
The course covers fundamental concepts of management including organization, decision
making, planning, controlling, and concepts of motivation, leadership, and communication.

Course Objectives:
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to be able to:
1. Focus on the foundations of management, covering the essential concepts in management.
2. Reflection of contemporary trends in management.
3. It offers strong practical focus and also covering latest research studies in the field.

Course contents:
Unit 1: Introduction to Managers and Management (5 Hrs.)
What is Management and what do managers do? Defining management; Management functions;
Management roles; Management skills; History of management

Unit 2: Organizational Culture and Environment (5 Hrs.)

The manager: Omnipotent or symbolic? The organization’s culture; Environment: Defining
environment, specific environment, general environment, Influence on management practice

Unit 3: Decision Making the Essence of Manager’s Job (5 Hrs.)

The decision making process; the rational decision maker; Decision making styles; analyzing
decision alternatives: Certainty, Risk, Uncertainty, Group decision making

Unit 4: Planning (5 Hrs.)

The foundations of planning; The definition of planning; Purposes of planning; Types of plans;
Contingency factors on planning; Objectives: The foundation for planning; Multiplicity of
objectives; Real versus stated objectives; Traditional objective setting; Management by
objectives

Unit 5: Organization Structure and Design (5 Hrs.)

Defining organization structure and design; Building the vertical dimension of organizations;
Building the horizontal dimension of organizations; The contingency approach to organization
design; Application of organization design

Unit 6: Motivation (5 Hrs.)

Motivating employees; what is motivation? Contemporary approaches to motivation;
Contemporary issues in motivation; from theory to practice: suggestions for motivating
employees

32
Unit 7: Leadership (4 Hrs.)
Managers verses leaders; Trait theories; Behavioral theories; Contingency theories; Emerging
approaches to leadership; Contemporary issues in leadership

Unit 8: Communication (4 Hrs.)

Communication and interpersonal skills; Understanding communication; Communication styles
of men and women; Feedback skills; Delegation skills’; Conflict management skills; Negotiation
skills

Unit 9: Controlling (4 Hrs.)

Foundations of control: What is control? The importance of control; The control process; Types
of control; Qualities of effective control; The dysfunctional side of control; Ethical issues in
control

Unit 10: Controlling tools and techniques (3 Hrs.)

Information controls; financial controls; Operations controls; Behavioral controls

Text/Reference Books:
1. Robbins, S.P. & Coulter, Mary (1996) Management; Prentice Hall.
2. Robbins, S.P. & Decenzo, David A. (2001) Fundamentals of Management, Pearson.
3. Robbins, S.P., Coutler, M. & Bohara, N. (2010). Management (10 th ed.) New Delhi:
Prentice Hall.

33
 Web Technology I

Course Title: Web Technology I Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT251 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: IV

Course Description: This course covers the concepts of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and XML.

Course Objectives: The main objective of this course is to provide basic knowledge of HTML,
CSS and client side scripting using JavaScript. In addition, the course covers the concepts of
XML.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction (4 Hrs.)
Web Basics: Internet, Intranet, WWW, Web Page; Web Site: Static and Dyanamic; Client Server
Architecture: Single Tier, Two-Tier, Multi-Tier; Web Clients; Web Servers; HTTP: HTTP
Request and Response; URL, Client Side Scripting, Server Side Scripting, Web 1.0, Web 2.0

Unit 2: Markup Language (11 Hrs.)

Introduction to HTML; Elements of HTML Document: HTML, Head, and Body tags; HTML
Elements and HTML Attributes, Document Type Declaration; Comments in HTML; Entity and
Character References; Headings, Paragraph, Divison, Formatiing: b, i, small, sup, sub; Spacing:
Pre, Br; Formatting Text Phrases: span, strong, tt; Image element; Anchors; Lists: Ordered and
Unordered and Definition; Tables; Frames; Forms: Form Elements, Meta Tag, HTML Events:
Window Events, Form Element Events, Keyboard Events, Mouse Events, HTML5 Basics:
Audio, Video, Canvas, Main, Section, Article, Header, Footer, Aside, Nav, Figure Tags

Unit 3: Style Sheets (10 Hrs.)

Introduction; Cascadding Style Sheets (CSS); CSS Syntax; Inserting CSS: Inline, Internal,
External, ID and Class Selectors; Colors; Backgrounds; Borders; Text; Font; List; Table; CSS
Box Model; Normal Flow Box Layout: Basic Box Layout, Display Property, Padding, Margin;
Positioning: Relative, Float, Absolute; CSS Media Queries; Basics of Responsive Web Designs,
Slicing: Converting image design into HTML

Unit 4: Client Side Scripting (12 Hrs.)

Introduction to JavaScript; Basic Syntax; Structure of JavaScript Program; Variables and Data
Types; Statements: Expression, Keyword, Block; Operators; Flow Controls, Looping, Functions;
Popup Boxes: Alert, Confirm, Prompt; Objects and properties; Constructors; Arrays; Built-in
Objects: Window, String, Number, Boolean, Date, Math, RegExp, Form, User Defined Objects;
Event Handling and Form Validation, Error Handling, Handling Cookies, Basics of AJAX and
jQuery

34
Unit 5: XML (8 Hrs.)
Introduction; XML Documents; Syntax Rules; XML Elements; XML Attributes; XML Tree;
XML Namespace XML schema languages: Document Type Definition(DTD), XML Schema
Definition (XSD); XSD Simple Types, XSD Attributes; XSD Complex Types; XML Style
Sheets (XSLT), XQuery

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory work includes creating web pages and applications with client side scripting
using HTML, CSS, JavaScript and XML technologies.

Text Books:
1. Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, Jeffrey C. Jackson , Pearson Prentice
Hall

Reference Books:
1. HTML5 and CSS3 for the Real World”, Estelle Weyl, Louis Lazaris, Alexis Goldstein,
Sitepoint
2. Dynamic Web Programming and HTML5, Paul S. Wang, CRC Press
3. HTML5 Programming with JavaScript for Dummies, John Paul Mueller
4. JavaScript: The Web Technologies Series, Don Gosseli, Course Technology Cengage
Learning
5. Web Technologies: Html, Javascript, Php, Java, Jsp, [Link], Xml And Ajax, Black Book,
Dreamtech Press
6. An Introduction to XML and Web Technologies Anders Møller and Michael I. Schwartzbach
Addison-Wesley
7. [Link]

35
 Artificial Intelligence

Course Title: Artificial Intelligence Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT252 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: IV

Course Description:
The course introduces the concepts artificial intelligent. It includes the basics of artificial
intelligence, intelligent agents, problem solving, searching, knowledge representation systems,
probabilistic reasoning, neural networks, machine learning and natural language processing.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of the course is to introduce fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence
and to learn intelligent agents, identify AI problems and solve the problems using searching,
design knowledge representation and expert systems, understand concepts of machine learning
and natural language processing.

Course Contents:
Unit I: Introduction (3 Hrs.)
Artificial Intelligence (AI), History of AI, AI Perspectives, Turing Test, Foundations of AI,
Scope of Symbolic AI, Applications of AI

Unit II: Agents (5Hrs.)

Introduction of Agents; Configuration of Agents: PEAS description of Agents; Types of Agents:
Simple Reflexive, Model Based, Goal Based, Utility Based, Learning Agent; Environment
Types: Deterministic, Stochastic, Static, Dynamic, Observable, Semi-observable, Single Agent,
Multi Agent

Unit III: Problem Solving by Searching (10 Hrs.)

Problem Solving; State Space Representation; Problem Formulation; Constraint Satisfaction
Problems
Solving Problems by Searching; Performance evaluation of search techniques; Uninformed
Search: Depth First Search, Breadth First Search, Depth Limited Search, Iterative Deepening
Search, Bidirectional Search;
Informed Search: Greedy Best first search, A* search, Hill Climbing;
Game playing: Adversarial search techniques, Mini-max Search, Alpha-Beta Pruning
Problem Decomposition: Goal Trees, AO*

36
Unit IV: Knowledge Representation (14 Hrs.)
Knowledge; Knowledge Representation; Issues in Knowledge Representation, Knowledge
Representation Systems; Properties of Knowledge Representation Systems
Logic Based: Propositional and Predicate; Propositional Logic: Syntax, Semantics; CNF Form;
Inference using Resolution; Backward Chaining and Forward Chaining; Predicate Logic: FOPL:
Syntax, Semantics; Quantification; Inference with FOPL: Unification and Lifting; Inference
using Resolution
Semantic Nets, Frames, Rule Based Systems, Scripts, Conceptual Dependency
Statistical Reasoning: Uncertain Knowledge, Random Variables, Prior and Posterior Probability,
Bayes' Rule, Bayesian Networks, Reasoning in Belief Networks, Dempster-Shafer Theory

Unit V: Neural Network (2 Hrs.)

Neural Networks: Introduction; Mathematical Model of ANN, Designing a neuron, Types of
ANN: Feed-forward, Recurrent, Single Layered, Multi-Layered, Learning Rule, Learning Rate,
Application of Artificial Neural Networks

Unit VI: Machine Learning (5 Hrs.)

Machine Learning; Concepts of Learning: Supervised, Unsupervised and Reinforcement
Learning; Leaning by Analogy; Learning by Genetic Algorithm; Learning by Back-propagation

Unit VII: Expert System (3 Hrs.)

Expert Systems; Architecture of Expert System; Development of Expert Systems; Applications
of Expert Systems

Unit VIII: Natural Language Processing (3 Hrs.)

Natural Language Processing: Natural Language Understanding and Natural Language
Generation
Steps in NLP: Lexical Analysis, Syntactic Analysis, Semantic Analysis, Discourse and
Pragmatic Analysis; Ambiguities in NLP

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory work consists of implementation of intelligent agents and expert systems,
searching techniques, knowledge representation systems and machine learning techniques.
Students are advised to use LISP, PROLOG, or any other high level language.

Text Books:
1. Stuart Russel and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach, Pearson

Reference Books:
1. E. Rich, K. Knight, Shivashankar B. Nair, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. George F. Luger, Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem
Solving, Benjamin/Cummings Publication
3. D. W. Patterson, Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Prentice Hall.
4. P. H. Winston, Artificial Intelligence, Addison Wesley.
5. Tutorials for LISP and PROLOG

37
 Systems Analysis and Design

Course Title: Systems Analysis and Design Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT253 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: IV

Course Description:
This course familiarizes students with the concepts of information systems development including
foundations, planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge of different concepts of system
analysis and design so that students will be able to develop information systems using different
methodologies, tools and techniques.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Foundations for Systems Development (12 Hrs.)
The Systems Development Environment: Introduction; A Modern Approach to Systems
Analysis and Design; Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life
Cycle; The Heart of the Systems Development Process and Traditional Waterfall SDLC;
CASE Tools
Other Approaches: Prototyping; Spiral; Rapid Application Development; Introduction to
Agile Development
Introduction to Object Oriented Development
Managing the Information Systems Project: Introduction; Managing the Information
Systems Project; Representing and Scheduling Project Plans; Using Project Management
Software

Unit 2: Planning (5 Hrs.)

Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects: Introduction; Identifying and
Selecting Systems Development Projects; Corporate and Information Systems Planning
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects: Introduction; Initiating and
Planning Systems Development Projects; Process of Initiating and Planning IS Development
Projects, Assessing Project Feasibility; Building and Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan

Unit 3: Analysis (13 Hrs.)

Determining System Requirements: Introduction; Performing Requirements
Determination; Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements; Contemporary Methods
for Determining System Requirements; Radical Methods for Determining System
Requirements
Structuring System Process Requirements: Introduction; Process Modeling; Data Flow
Diagrams; Modeling Logic with Decision Tables, Decision Trees, and Pseudocodes
Structuring System Data Requirements: Introduction; Conceptual Data Modeling;
Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling; Introduction to E-R Modeling

38
Unit 4: Design (7 Hrs.)
Designing Databases: Introduction; Database Design; Relational Database Model;
Normalization; Transforming E-R Diagrams Into Relations; Merging Relations; Physical File
and Database Design; Designing Fields; Designing Physical Tables
Designing Forms and Reports: Introduction; Designing Forms and Reports; Formatting
Forms and Reports; Assessing Usability
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues: Introduction; Designing Interfaces and Dialogues;
Interaction Methods and Devices; Designing Interfaces; Designing Dialogues; Designing
Interfaces and Dialogues in Graphical Environments

Unit 5: Implementation and Maintenance (4 Hrs.)

System Implementation: Introduction, System Implementation, Software Application
Testing, Installation, Documenting the System, Training and Supporting Users,
Organizational Issues in Systems Implementation
Maintaining Information Systems: Introduction, Maintaining Information Systems,
Conducting Systems Maintenance

Project Work: Students should prepare a project report that includes at least analysis, design,
and implementation phase of system analysis and design. The project can be done in groups with
at most four members in each group.

Text Books:
1. Joseph S. Valacich and Joey F. George, Modern Systems Analysis and Design, 8th Edition,
Pearson

References Books:
1. Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E. Kendall, System Analysis and Design, 9th Edition, Pearson
2. Jeffrey Whitten and Lonnie Bently, System Analysis and Design Methods, 7th Edition
3. Scott Tilley and Harry J. Rosenblatt, System Analysis and Design, 11th Edition

39
 Network and Data Communications

Course Title: Network and Data Communications Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT254 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: IV

Course Description:
The course covers fundamental concepts about Data communication, Data Transmission and
Computer Network with their functionalities at Physical, Data, Network, Transport and
Application Layer respectively.

Course Objective:
The main objective of this course to introduce analog and digital signals with their conversion
and transmission; Protocols: OSI, TCP/IP; Medium of transmission; Multiplexing Techniques;
Switching Techniques; Error Detection and Correction; Data Link Control; Routing Algorithms;
Transport Protocols; Congestion Control; Domain Name System, Electronic Mail, File Transfer.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Fundamental of Data Communication (6 Hrs.)
Components, Data Representation, Data Flow, Distributed Processing, Network Criteria,
Physical Structures, Network Models, Categories of Networks; Basic Concepts about Bridge,
Hub, Swtich, Router, NIC, MAC-address, Gateway; The Internet, Protocols and Standards, OSI,
TCP/IP; Addressing.

Unit 2: Physical Layer and Media (12 Hrs.)

Analog and Digital; Periodic Analog Signals, Digital Signals; Basic Concepts about Noise,
Distortion, Attenuation, Nyquist Bit Rat, Shannon Capacity, Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency;
Conversion: Analog to Analog, Digital to Digital, Analog to Digital , Digital to Analog;
Transmission modes; Multiplexing: Time Division Multiplexing, Frequency Division
Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing; Guided Media, Unguided Media; Switching:
Circuit Switching and Packet Switching.

Unit 3: Data link layer (8 Hrs.)

Functionality of Data link Layer; Error detection and Correction: Introduction, Block Coding,
Linear Block Codes, Cyclic codes, Checksum; Data Link Control: Framing, Flow and Error
Control, Protocols, Noiseless Channels, Noisy Channels; Multiple Access: Random Access.
ALOHA, Controlled Access; Basic concepts about Cellular telephony and Satellite network.

Unit 4: Network layer (8 Hrs.)

Functionality of Network Layer; Internetworking; IPv4, IPv6; Directing; Forwarding; Routing:
Static vs. Dynamic Routing; Routing Algorithms: Shortest-path, Flooding, Flow-based,
Distance-vector, Link-state; Congestion control and prevention: Leaky-bucket algorithm, Token-
bucket algorithm; Network layer protocols: IP, NAT, ICMP, IGMP, RIP, ARP, RARP, OSPF,
IGRP, EIGRP, BGP.

40
Unit 5: Transport layer (6 Hrs.)
Functionality of Transport layer; Client Server Paradigm, Multiplexing and De-multiplexing,
Connectionless vs. Connection Oriented Service, Reliable vs. Unreliable; Basic Overview of
TCP and UDP; Congestion Control and Quality of Service: Network Performance; Congestion
Control: Open-loop and Closed loop.

Unit 6: Application layer (5 Hrs.)

Functionality of Application Layer; Domain Name System: Namespace, Domain Name Space,
Distribution of Name Space, DNS in the Internet: Generic Domains, Country Domains, Inverse
Domain, Resolution: Resolver, Mapping Names to Addresses, Address to Names, Recursive
Resolution, Caching; Electronic mail: SMTP, POP, IMAP; File transfer: FTP, Telnet; Dynamic
host configuration protocol (DHCP), HTTP, WWW, SNMP.

Laboratory Works:
Students should be able to configure network hardware and software; should be able to design
and set up networks by using simulators and devices.

Text Book:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan; “Data Communications and Networking”, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:
1. William Stallings; “Data And Computer Communications”, 8th Edition Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi.
2. A.S. Tanenbaum; “Computer Network”, 4th Edition, Pearson Education International.

41
 Operations Research

Course Title: Operations Research Full Marks: 60 + 40

Course No: ORS255 Pass Marks: 24 + 16
Nature of the Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: IV

Course Description:
The course covers fundamental concepts of operations research including introduction,
optimization, queuing models theory of games, decision theory, and networking analysis.

Course Objective:
The main objective of this course is to develop knowledge and skill to the students on the
Operations research tools and techniques such as optimization, queuing theory, theory of games,
decision theory and networking analysis

Unit 1: Introduction (3 Hrs.)

History, Development of operations research, Objective of OR, Scope of OR, Nature and
Definition of OR, Characteristics of OR, Scientific Method in OR, Models and Modeling in OR,
Limitation of OR, Applications of OR

Unit 2: Optimization
Linear programming I: Formulation and Graphic Solution (3 Hrs.)
Introduction to Linear programming problem, Formulation of linear programming problem,
general statement of linear programming problem, Assumptions underlying linear programming,
solution to linear programming-graphic method ,some special cases in linear programming

Linear programming II: Simplex Method (6 Hrs.)

Simplex method, Solution to maximization problems, solution to minimization problems, Big-M
method, some special cases in linear programming

Transportation problem (5 Hrs.)

VAM method for generating initial basic feasible solution, Testing Optimality condition by using
MODI Method, Balanced and unbalanced transportation problem.

Assignment problem (3 Hrs.)

Introduction, Hungarian Assignment Method (HAM), some special cases: Unbalanced
assignment problems, constrained assignment problem.

Unit 3: Queuing Models (6 Hrs.)

Introduction, economies of the queuing problem, queuing system and its essential elements,
types of queuing model ( focused on only Single channel system and multi-channel system),
operating characteristics of single channel system ( Poisson-exponential single server model-
infinite population),Poisson-exponential, multiple server model-infinite population.

42
Unit 4: Theory of Games (6 Hrs.)
Introduction, Basic terminologies, Two persons zero-sum game, pure strategy and mixed
strategy, dominance rule, algebraic method, arithmetic method and graphical method.

Unit 5: Decision Theory (5 Hrs.)

Introduction, decision making environment, Decision making criteria under risk: EMV criterion,
EOL criterion, EVPI, Decision tree analysis, Marginal analysis, Decision making criteria under
uncertainty.

Unit 6: Networking Analysis (8 Hrs.)

PERT/CPM networks, scheduling the activities: Earliest and Latest Times, Time-cost trade off
analysis.

Text / Reference Books:

 Sharma, J.K. (2013). Operations Research Theory and application.(5thed). New Delhi:Laxmi
Publications
 Operations Research: An Introduction, Handy A. Taha, 10/e, Pearson

43
 Web Technology II
Course Title: Web Technology II Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20
Course No: BIT301 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: V

Course Description:
This course covers the concepts of server side scripting using the PHP programming language.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide basic concepts of PHP including handling of
functions, arrays, strings, class and objects, forms, databases, cookies, sessions, exceptions and
file handling so that students should be able to develop dynamic web applications.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction (8 Hrs.)

Server Side Scripting, Introduction to PHP, Language Basics: Lexical Structure, Data Types,
Variables, Expression and Operators, Flow Control Statements, Including PHP Code,
Embedding PHP in Web Pages

Unit 2: Functions (5 Hrs.)

Functions, Defining and Calling Functions, Variable Scope, Function Parameters, Return Values,
Variable Functions, Anonymous Functions, Date and Time functions

Unit 3: Strings and Arrays (8 Hrs.)

String Constants, Printing Strings, Accessing Characters in Strings, Cleaning Strings, Encoding
and Escaping, Comparing, Manipulating and Searching Strings, Regular Expressions, Array,
Indexed vs. Associative Arrays, Defining Array, Storing Data in Array, Multidimensional Array,
Extracting Multiple Values, Conversion between Array and Variables, Traversing Arrays

Unit 4: Objects (6 Hrs.)

Objects, Creating Object, Accessing Properties and Methods, Declaring Class, Anonymous
Class, Examining Class and Object

Unit 5: Handling Forms (4 Hrs.)

Building forms, Retrieving Form Data, Processing Forms, Setting Response Headers

Unit 6: Working with Database (5 Hrs.)

Using PHP to Access Database, Querying a Database with PHP, CRUD Operations Using Forms

Unit 7: Cookies, Sessions and Authentication (3 Hrs.)

Using Cookies in PHP, HTTP Authentication, Using Sessions

Unit 8: Debugging PHP (3 Hrs.)

The [Link] Settings, Error Handling, Error Reporting, Exceptions, Error Suppression,
Triggering Errors, Error Handlers, Error Logs
44
Unit 9: File Handling (3 Hrs.)
File Read, Write, Close, File upload, Parsing CSV File, Parsing JSON File

Laboratory Works:
Laboratory work includes implementing all of the concepts in each chapter. Students have to
create a dynamic website using core PHP concepts studied in this course.

References:

1. Kevin Tatroe , Peter MacIntyre, Programming PHP: Creating Dynamic Web Pages,
O′Reilly, 2021
2. Robin Nixon , Learning PHP, MySQL & JavaScript: A Step-by-Step Guide to Creating
Dynamic Websites, O'Reilly Media, 2021

45
 Software Engineering

Course Title: Software Engineering Full Marks: 60+20+20

Course No: BIT302 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: V

Course Description:
This course familiarizes students with different concepts and techniques of software engineering
mainly focusing on software practices, different process models, requirements engineering,
project management, project planning, quality assurance and software testing techniques.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to give knowledge of software engineering so that the
students will be able to use different methodologies and techniques to develop high quality
software.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction (2 Hrs.)

Professional Software Development, Software Engineering Ethics, Case Studies

Unit 2: Software Process Model (8 Hrs.)

Software Process Models, Process Activities, Coping with Change, Process Improvement, Agile
Software Development

Unit 3: Requirements Engineering (3 Hrs.)

Functional and Non-Functional Requirements, Requirements Engineering Processes,
Requirements Elicitation, Requirements Validation, Requirements Change

Unit 4: System Modeling (6 Hrs.)

Context Models, Interaction Models, Structural Models, Behavioral Models, Model Driven
Architecture

Unit 5: Architectural Design (6 Hrs.)

Architectural Design Decisions, Architectural Views, Architectural Patterns, Application
Architectures

Unit 6: Design and Implementation (5 Hrs.)

Object-Oriented Design Using the UML, Design Patterns, Implementation Issues, Open-Source
Development

46
Unit 7: Software Testing (5 Hrs.)
Introduction to Software Testing, Development Testing, Test-Driven Development, Types of
Testing

Unit 8: Project Management and Planning (5 Hrs.)

Introduction to Project Management, Management Activities, Introduction to Project Planning,
Software Pricing, Plan-Driven Development, Project Scheduling, Agile Planning, Estimation
Techniques, COCOMO Cost Modeling

Unit 9: Software Quality Assurance (3 Hrs.)

Introduction to Software Quality, Software Quality Assurance, Software Reviews

Unit 10: Configuration Management (2 Hrs.)

Introduction to Version Management, Change Management and Release Management

Laboratory Works:
Student should use project management tools focusing on resource management, project
scheduling and people management. They should be use CASE tools for drawing UML
diagrams. They should use tools for realizing agile development, version control and change
control respectively. They should be able to develop test cases and use tools to demonstrate
different types of testing.

References:

1. Software Engineering, 10th Edition, Ian Sommerville, Pearson Education 2016

2. Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th Edition, Roger S. Pressman and
Bruce R. Maxim, McGraw-Hill Education 2015
3. C. Ghezzi, M. Jazayeri and D. Mandrioli, Fundamentals of Software Engineering
Prentice Hall of India, Ltd.
4. G. Booch, J. Rambaugh, J. Jacobson, The unified Modeling Language – User Guide
Addison - Wesley

47
 Information Security

Course Title: Information Security Full Marks: 60+20+20

Course No: BIT303 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: V

Course Description:
This course familiarizes with basic concepts of information security. This course includes
cryptographic algorithms, authentication systems, access controls, malicious logics, network
security and security audits and ethical issues.

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to familiarize the students with the concepts of information
security, different security measures, policies and security mechanisms, security auditsso that
students will be able to design, implement and manage the information and computers securely.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction (4 Hrs.)

1.1. Computer Security Concepts
1.2. Threats, Attacks and Assets
1.3. Security Functional Requirements
1.4. Security Design Principles
1.5. Attack Surfaces and Attack Trees
1.6. Computer Security Strategy

Unit 2: Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption Algorithms (10 Hrs.)

2.1. Classical Cryptosystems: Substitution and Transposition Ciphers
2.2. Symmetric Encryption Principles
2.3. Data Encryption Standards (DES),
2.4. Basic concepts of fields, Modular Arithmetic, Galois Fields, Polynomial Arithmetic,
2.5. Advanced Encryption Standards (AES)
2.6. Prime Numbers, Fermat’s Theorem, Primality Testing: Miller-Rabin Algorithm, Euclidean
Algorithm, Extended Euclidean Algorithm, Euler Totient Function
2.7. Asymmetric Encryption
2.8. Diffie-Hellman Protocol , RSA Algorithm

Unit 3: Message Authentication (6 Hrs.)

3.1. Message Authentication
3.2. Secure Hash Functions
3.3. Message Digests: MD5
3.4. Secure Hash Algorithms: SHA-1, SHA-2
3.5. Digital Signature

48
Unit 4: User Authentication (5 Hrs.)
4.1. User Authentication Principles
4.2. Password-Based Authentication
4.3. Token-Based Authentication
4.4. Biometric Authentication
4.5. Two Factor Authentication
4.6. Security Issues for User Authentication

Unit 5: Access Control (5 Hrs.)

5.1. Access Control Principles
5.2. Subjects, Objects and Access Rights
5.3. Discretionary Access Control
5.4. Role Based Access Control
5.5. Attribute Based Access Control
5.6. Identity, Credential and Access Management
5.7. Trust Frameworks

Unit 6: Malicious Software (6 Hrs.)

6.1. Malicious Software
6.2. Types of Malicious Software
6.3. Advanced Persistent Threat
6.4. Virus
6.5. Worms
6.6. Spam E-mail, Trojans
6.7. System Corruption,
6.8. Zombie, Bots
6.9. Key loggers, Phishing, Spyware
6.10. Backdoors, Rootkits
6.11. Countermeasures for Malwares

Unit 7: IT Security Management, Risk Assessment and Security Auditing (5 Hrs.)

[Link] Security Management
[Link] Context and Security Policy
7.3. Security Risk Assessment
7.4. Security Risk Analysis
7.5. Security Auditing Architecture
7.6. Security Audit Trails
7.7. Implementing Logging Function
7.8. Audit Trail Analysis

Unit 8: Legal and Ethical Issues (4 Hrs.)

[Link] and Computer crime
[Link] Property
8.3. Privacy
8.4. Ethical Issues

49
8.5. Cyber Law in Nepal

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory work includes implementing and simulating the concepts of cryptographic
algorithms, hash functions, digital signatures, authentication & authorization systems, and
malicious logics. The laboratory work covers implementing programs for following;
- Classical ciphers like Caeser, Railfence
- DES, AES
- Primality Testing, Euclidean Algorithms, Deffie-Hellman RSA
- MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2
- Authentication systems like password based, token based, two factor authentication etc.
- Access control and capability lists
- Malicious Logics

In addition, students have to perform case studies including preparation of security policies for
some system and perform the security audits.

References:

1. William Stallings and Lawrie Brown, Computer Security: Principles and Practice,
Pearson, Latest Edition
2. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, Pearson
3. Mark Stamp, Information Security: Principles and Practices, Wiley
4. Matt Bishop, Introduction to Computer Security, Addison Wesley
5. Matt Bishop, Computer Security, Art and Science, Addison Wesley
6. Charles P. Pfleeger and Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Security in Computing, Pearson
7. William Stallings, Information Privacy Engineering and Privacy by Design, Pearson

50
 Computer Graphics

Course Title: Computer Graphics Full Marks: 60+20+20

Course No: BIT304 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: V

Course Description:
This course covers the basic concepts of Computer Graphics, various algorithms for basic
graphics primitives, 2-D geometric transformations on graphical objects, various Clipping
algorithms on graphical objects, 3-D geometric transformations, curve representation techniques
and projections methods, object surface modeling, visible surface detection, application of
illumination and rendering algorithms, virtual reality and animation technique along with basic
concept of Open GL.

Course Objectives:
The main Objective of this course is to equip students with the fundamental knowledge and basic
technical competence in the field of Computer Graphics, to emphasize on implementation aspect
of Computer Graphics Algorithms and to prepare the student for advance areas and professional
avenues in the field of Computer Graphics.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction and Overview of Graphics System (3 Hrs.)

Definition and Representative uses of Computer Graphics, Computer Graphics vs. Image
Processing, Application Areas, Overview of Coordinate System, Definition of Scan Conversion,
Rasterization and Rendering, Raster Scan & Random Scan Displays, Architecture of Raster
Graphics System with Display Processor, Architecture of Random Scan Systems

Unit 2: Output Primitives (6 Hrs.)

Scan conversions of point, line, circle and ellipse: DDA algorithm and Bresenham algorithm for
line drawing, midpoint algorithm for circle, midpoint algorithm for ellipse drawing
(Mathematical derivation for above algorithms is expected), Filled Area Primitive: Scan line
Polygon Fill algorithm, inside outside tests, Boundary Fill and Flood fill algorithm.

Unit 3: Two Dimensional Geometric Transformations (3 Hrs.)

Basic transformations: Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Matrix representation and Homogeneous
Coordinates, Composite transformation, Other transformations: Reflection and Shear

Unit 4: Two-Dimensional Viewing and Clipping (3 Hrs.)

Viewing transformation pipeline and Window to Viewport coordinate transformation, Clipping
operations: Point clipping, Line clipping algorithms: CohenSutherland, Liang: Barsky, Polygon
Clipping Algorithms: Sutherland Hodgeman

51
Unit 5:Three-Dimensional Graphics (6 Hrs.)
3D Transformations: Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Reflection and Shear, Composite
transformations: Rotation about an arbitrary axis, Projections – Parallel, Perspective. (Matrix
Representation)

Unit 6: Three-Dimensional Object Representation and Curve Modeling (6 Hrs.)

Boundary Surface Representation Vs Space Partitioning Representation, Polygon Surface
Representation: Polygon Table and Polygon Meshes, Wireframe and Sweep Representation,
Octree Representation, Bezier Curve, B-Spline Curve, Fractal-Geometry: Fractal Dimension,
Koch Curve

Unit 7: Visible Surface Detection (6 Hrs.)

Image Space and Object Space techniques, Back Face Detection, Z-Buffer, A-Buffer, Scan-Line
method, Painter’s Algorithms, Area Subdivision method

Unit 8: Illumination and Surface Rendering methods (6 Hrs.)

Introduction, Ambient, Diffuse and Specular reflections illumination Model, Constant, Gouraud
and Phong shading models

Unit 9: Virtual Reality and Animation (3 Hrs.)

Virtual Reality : Concept of Virtual Reality, Components of VR System, Types of VR System,
3D position Tracker, Navigation and Manipulation Interface, Application of VR, Animation:
Introduction to Animation, Traditional Animation Techniques, Principles of Animation, Key
framing: Character and Facial Animation, Deformation, Motion capture

Unit 10: Introduction to Open GL (2 Hrs.)

Introduction to OpenGL, Callback Functions, Color Commands, Drawing Pixels, Lines, and
Polygons using OpenGL, Viewing, Lighting

Laboratory Works:
Scan conversions: lines, circles, ellipse, filling algorithms, clipping algorithms, 2D and 3D
transformation Curves Visible surface determination, Simple animations, Application of these
through exercises using appropriate programming languages. List of experiment are:

1. Implement DDA Line Drawing algorithm

2. Implement Bresenham’s Line algorithm
3. Implement midpoint Circle algorithm.
4. Implement midpoint Ellipse algorithm.
5. Implement Area Filling Algorithm: Boundary Fill, Flood Fill.
6. Implement Scan line Polygon Filling algorithm
7. Implement 2D Transformations: Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shear.

52
 8. Implement Line Clipping Algorithm: Cohen Sutherland / Liang Barsky.
9. Implement 3D transformation.
10. Implement Curve: Bezier for n control points, B Spline
11. Perform Animation (such as Rising Sun, Moving Vehicle, Smileys, Screen saver etc.)

References:

1. Hearn & Baker, “Computer Graphics C version”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publication
2. James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K Feiner, John F. Hughes, “Computer
Graphics Principles and Practice in C”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publication
3. D. Rogers, “Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics”, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publications
4. Zhigang Xiang, Roy Plastock, “Computer Graphics”, Schaum‟s Outlines McGraw-Hill
Education
5. Rajesh K. Maurya, “Computer Graphics”, Wiley India Publication
6. F. S. Hill, “Computer Graphics using OpenGL”, Third edition, Pearson Publications

53
 Technical Writing

Course Title: Technical Writing Full Marks: 60+40

Course No: ENG305 Pass Marks: 24+16
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: V

Course Description:
This course is designed for students to enhance their skills for workplace writing. This course
aims in helping students to produce practical writing in specialized topics necessary for them in
their professional life. Furthermore, this course provides students with practical approach to
producing their own proposal content, memos, emails, instructions, procedures, manuals,
informative briefs, presentations and other pragmatic documents.

Course Objectives:
To enable students to identify the importance and characteristics of technical writing and
produce some quality technical pieces of workplace writing

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Why Technical People Needn’t Fear Writing (3 Hrs.)

Writing in the Technical Workplace, Why Technical People Can Master Technical Writing,
Attributes of Technical Writing, The Writing Process, Exercises: Writing in the Workplace

Unit 2: Technical Sentences Introduction (3 Hrs.)

Find the Real Subject, Find the Real Verb (Avoid Nominalizations), Edit for Conciseness, Edit
for Clarity, Check for Inclusive Language, Check the Grammar and Mechanics, Exercises:
Editing Technical Sentences

Unit 3: Emails, Letters, and Memos (4 Hrs.)

Letter Format, Memo and Email Formats, Email Etiquette (“Netiquette”), Professional
Correspondence: Style and Tone54, Exercises: Standard Correspondence

Unit 4: Short Reports, Proposals, and Technical Documents (4 Hrs.)

Report Structure, Documents That Report on Past Events or Completed Tasks Documents That
Report on Ongoing Tasks: Progress Reports, Documents That Recommend Future Actions,
Documents That Define Standards: Specifications Lab Reports, Engineering or Project Logs,
Exercises: Informal Reports

Unit 5: Formal Reports (3 Hrs.)

Parts of a Formal Report, Formal Report Pagination, Exercises: Formal Reports

54
Unit 6: Intercultural Communication, Collaborative Writing, and Document Control (4
Hrs.)
Intercultural Communication, Writing in Teams Document Sharing and Control, Exercises:
Intercultural Considerations

Unit 7: Technical Graphics (5 Hrs.)

Types and Uses of Graphics Putting Graphics into Reports Rules for Incorporating Report
Graphics Avoiding Graphical Misrepresentation Exercises: Technical Graphics

Unit 8: Technical Definitions and Descriptions (3 Hrs.)

Technical Definitions, Technical Descriptions, Exercises: Technical Definitions and Descriptions

Unit 9: Instructions, Procedures, and Manuals55 (5 Hrs.)

The Introduction, the Step-by-Step Instructions, the Conclusion, Notes, Cautions, Warnings, and
Danger Alerts, Usability, Manuals, Exercises: Writing and Editing Instructions

Unit 10: Oral Presentations (4 Hrs.)

Planning the Presentation, Making Speech Notes, Using Presenter View, Designing and Using
Slides, Practicing the Presentation, Overcoming Stage Fright and Answering Questions,
Exercises: Oral Presentations

Unit 11: Ethics (2 Hrs)

Ethics in the Professions, Ethics for Students, Ethics in Technical Writing, Exercises: Ethics

Unit 12: Job Application Packages (3 Hrs.)

The Myth of the Experience Trap, Résumés, Application Letters, Finding Job Openings,
Exercises: Job Application Packages

Unit 13: Grammar and Usage (2 Hrs.)

Punctuation and Grammar, Mechanics and Conventions, Glossary of Commonly Misused Words
and Phrases

References:

1. Ewald, Thorsten. Writing in the Technical Fields: A Practical Guide. 3rd ed. Canada:
Oxford University Press, 2020
2. Anderson, Paul V. Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach. 7th ed. USA:
Wadsworth Publishing, 2010
3. Markel, Mike and Stuart A. Selber. Technical Communication. 12th edition. USA: Bedford
Books, 2017
4. Smith-Worthington, Daelene and Sue Jefferson. Technical Writing for Success. 3rd ed.
USA: Cengage Writing, 2011
5. Tebeaux, Elizabeth and Sam Dragga. The Essentials of Technical Communication. 4th
ed. London: Oxford University Press, 2010

55
 NET Centric Computing

Course Title: NET Centric Computing Full Marks: 60+20+20

Course no: BIT351 Pass Marks: 24 +8+8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
The course covers the concepts of cross-platform web application development using the
[Link] Core MVC framework using C# programming Language.

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to understand the theoretical foundation as well as its practical
aspects of [Link] Core web application framework and C# language features.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Language Preliminaries (8Hrs.)

Overview of .Net framework, Compilation and execution of .Net applications, Constructor, Properties,
Arrays and String, Indexers, Inheritance, use of “base” keyword, Method hiding and overriding, applying
polymorphism in code extensibility, abstract class sealed class, interface, Delegate and Events, Partial
class, Collections, Generics, File IO, Try statements and Exceptions, Attributes: Attribute Classes,
Named and Positional Attribute Parameters, Attribute Targets, Specifying Multiple Attributes

Unit 2: Introduction to [Link] ( 3 Hrs.)

.NET [Link] frameworks: .NET, .NET Core, Mono, [Link] Web Forms, [Link] MVC,
[Link] Web API, [Link] Core, .NET Architecture and Design Principles, Compilation and
Execution of .NET applications: CLI, MSIL and CLR, .NET Core in detail, .NET CLI: build, run, test and
deploy .NET Core Applications

Unit 3: HTTP and [Link] Core (3 Hrs.)

HTTP, Request and Response Message Format, Common web application architectures, MVC Pattern,
[Link] Core Architecture Overview, Projects, and Conventions, [Link] and [Link] MVC

Unit 4: Creating [Link] core MVC applications (7 Hrs.)

Setting up the Environment, Controllers and Actions: Create Controllers, Create Actions and Action
Results Types, Rendering HTML with Views: Razor Syntax, Understanding Tag Helpers, Models:
Binding and Validations, URL Routing and features, Web API Applications: API Controllers, JSON,
Dependency Injection and IOC containers

Unit 5: Working with Database (6 Hrs.)

[Link] basics: Connection, Command, Reader and Adapter classes, Entity Framework (EF) Core,
Object-Relational Mapper (ORM), Adding EF Core to an application: Choosing database provider, data
models and data context, Querying and Saving data to database: Create, read, update and delete records

Unit 6: State Management on [Link] Core Application (4 Hrs.)

State Management on stateless HTTP, Server-side strategies: Session State, TempData, Using
HttpContext, Cache Client-side strategies: Cookies, Query Strings, Hidden Fields

56
Unit 7: Client-side Development in [Link] Core (4 Hrs.)
Common client-side web technologies, JQuery, Forms and Validation, Single Page Application (SPA)
Frameworks: Angular, React

Unit 8: Building Applications with React and [Link] Core (3 Hrs.)

Creating Forms in React, Making REST API Calls from React to [Link] Core for integration

Unit 9: Securing in [Link] Core Application (5 Hrs.)

Authentication: [Link] Core Identity, Adding authentication to apps and identity service
configurations, Authorization: Roles, Claims and Policies, Securing Controllers and Action Methods,
Common Vulnerabilities: Cross-site Scripting attacks, SQL Injection attacks, Cross-site Request Forgery
(CSRF), Open Redirect Attacks

Unit 10: Hosting and Deploying [Link] Core Application (2 Hrs.)

App Servers and Hosting models: IIS, Nginx, Apache, [Link] Core Module, Kestrel, Docker and
Containerization, Publish toAzure cloud

References:
1. C# 8.0 and .NET Core 3.0 – Modern Cross-Platform Development, Fourth Edition, by Mark J. Price, 2019
2. [Link] Core in Action, by Andrew Lock, 2018
3. Learning [Link] Core 2.0, Michel Bruchet, Jason De Oliveira, 2017
4. Learn [Link] Core 3 - Second Edition, Kenneth Yamikani Fukizi, Jason De Oliveira, Michel
Bruchet, 2019
5. [Link] Core 5 and React By Carl Rippon

Laboratory works:
Students will have to complete a project covering most of the features of above course using [Link]
Core and C#.

Homework Assignments:
Homework assignments can be given according to the course covered throughout the semester.

Computer Usage:
Windows PC or workstation installed with Latest Visual Studio Code or Visual Studio, .NET core SDK
(3.0 or above) and Database: SQL Server.

57
 Database Administration

Course Title: Database Administration Full Marks: 60+ 20+20

Course No: BIT352 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
This course introduces the database administration techniques in Oracle. Most of the DBA’s
tasks are covered. Topics covered include principles of DBA Roles, Oracle Database
Architecture and storage management, Database backup, restoration and recovery, connectivity
and user management for database security, Tuning of database and overall DB administration
which could be useful for administrator in the future.

Course Objectives:
To understand the basic role, task and responsibilities of Database Administrator, understand the
Oracle database architecture, be able to install and configure an Oracle Database, be able to
create database objects like tables, views, indexes etc. and able to write PL/SQL Procedures, be
able to administer the Oracle Database, create and manage storage structures, create and manage
the users, be able to perform backup and recovery, tuning the oracle database for the better
performance.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction Administration Basics (7Hrs.)

1.1. Introduction: Overview of the Oracle Database, Relational Database Concepts,
Overview of Oracle Database Architecture, Overview of Oracle Multitenant
Architecture, Overview of Oracle Data Guard, Oracle RAC, Oracle ASM, Oracle Cloud,
Database Administration Tasks.
1.2. Oracle Architecture: Oracle Database Architecture, the Oracle Database Instance,
Memory Structures, Process Architecture and Structures, Server and Client Processes,
Database Storage Architecture, Connect to the Oracle Database Instance.
1.3. Administer Database Instance: Administrative Tools Available to a DBA, Use SQL*Plus
in Oracle to Manage a Database Instance, use SQL Developer to Manage a Database
Instance, Administer the Database using Enterprise Manager (EM), Overview of the
Enterprise Manager Framework, Enterprise Manager Cloud Control, Initialization
Parameter Files

Unit 2: Network Environment and Storage Structures (5 Hrs.)

2.1. Configuring Network Environment: Overview of Network Configuration, Oracle Net
Listener Configuration and Management, Oracle Net Naming Methods, Tools for
Configuring and Managing the Oracle Network, using the Net Configuration Assistant,

58
 Configure Client Connections with Net Manager, View Listener Configuration, Start and
Stop the Oracle Listener, use TNSPING to Test Oracle Net Connectivity, Connect to the
Database, Configure Net Services with Enterprise Manager.
2.2. Storage Structures: Overview of Data Storage, the Database Block, Overview of
Tablespaces and Datafiles, use Enterprise Manager to view the Storage Structure of the
Database, Create and Alter Tablespace Commands, Temporary Tablespaces, Create and
Manage Datafiles, use OMF, Drop Tablespaces and Datafiles

Unit 3: Users and Privileges (5 Hrs.)

3.1. Manage Users: Predefined Database Administration Accounts, User Accounts, Create a
User Account, User Authentication, Change a User's Password, Manage a User Account,
Drop a User Account, Monitor User Information, Terminate User Sessions, Create a
Schema Only Account
3.2. Mange Privileges: Database Access, Oracle Supplied Roles, System and Object Level
Privileges, the Grant and Revoke Commands, Create, Modify and Drop Roles, Use
Predefined Roles

Unit 4: Profiles, Resources, and Auditing (4 Hrs.)

4.1. Profiles And Resources: Overview of User Profiles, Profile Resource Parameters, Create
Profile Command, Manage Passwords with Profiles, Control Resource Usage with
Profiles, Maintain Profiles
4.2. Database Auditing: Overview of Database Security, Overview of Database Auditing,
Security Compliance, Standard Auditing, Unified Audit Trail, Separation of Audit
Responsibilities with The AUDIT_ADMIN And AUDIT_VIEWER Roles, Configure
the Audit Trail, Specify Audit Options.

Unit 5: Concurrency, Backup and Recovery (7 Hrs.)

5.1. Concurrency: Levels of Locking in Oracle, Methods Used to Acquire Locks, Data
Concurrency, Possible Causes of Contention, DML Locks, Prevent Locking Problems,
Detect Lock Contention, Resolve Conflicts
5.2. Undo Management: Undo Data Overview, Monitor and Administer Undo, Configure
Undo Retention, Switch Undo Tablespaces, Specify the Retention Period, Guarantee
Undo Retention, Retention Period tor Flashback Queries, View Undo Space Information,
use the Undo Advisor, Size the Undo Tablespace, Alter an Undo Tablespace to a Fixed
Size
5.3. Backup And Recovery: Oracle Backup Solutions, Oracle Suggested Backup Strategy,
Overview of Database Backup, Restore and Recover, Flashback Technology, Types of
Failure, Instance Recovery, Tune Instance Recovery, The MTTR Advisor, Media
Failure, Configure a Database for Recoverability

59
Unit 6: Database Maintenance and Performance Management (4 Hrs.)
6.1. Database Maintenance: Overview, View the Alert Log, the Automatic Workload
Repository, Statistic Levels, the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitoring, Monitor an
Oracle Database, use the Advisors, Set Up Notification Rules
6.2. Performance Management: Tuning Information Sources, Performance Monitoring,
Tuning Activities, Performance Planning, Instance Tuning, Performance Tuning
Methodology, Performance Tuning Data, Monitoring Performance, Managing Memory,
Manage Private Temporary Tables

Unit 7: Tuning and Moving (5 Hrs.)

7.1. Tuning: SQL Tuning, Cancel a SQL Statement in a Session, the Oracle Optimizer, SQL
Plan Directives, Adaptive Execution Plans, SQL Advisors, Automatic SQL Tuning
Results, Implement Automatic Tuning Recommendations, SQL Tuning Advisor
7.2. Moving Data: Create Directory Objects, Data Pump Architecture, Data Pump Data
Dictionary Views, Data Pump Interactive Mode, Data Pump API, use Data Pump to
Export Data, Use Data Pump to Import Data, Overview of SQL Loader, Command Line
Parameters, Record Filtering, Control File Keywords, Data files, SQL Loader Data
Paths, External Tables

Unit 8: Managing Resources and Scheduling Tasks (4 Hrs.)

8.1 Managing Resources: Overview of the Database Resource Manager, use the Resource
Manager, Create Resource Plans, the Default Maintenance Resource Manager Plan,
Create Resource Plan Directives, Allocate Resources for Resource Plans
8.2 Scheduling Tasks: Introduction to The Scheduler, Access Rights, Scheduler Components
and Workflow, Create a Job, Job Classes, use Time Based, Event Based Schedules,
Create an Event Based Schedule

Unit 9: Space Management and Oracle Support (4 Hrs.)

9.1. Managing Space: Overview of Space Management, Block Space Management within
Segments, Segment Types, Allocate Extents, Allocate Space, Row Chaining and
Migration, Create Tables without Segments
9.2. Oracle Support: The Enterprise Manager Support Workbench, Register for Security
Updates, Work with Oracle Support, My Oracle Support Integration, Log Service
Requests, Manage Patches, Apply a Patch

Laboratory Works:
Student should prepare lab sheet for most of the units in the syllabus. They should practice,
design database and implement database administration activities that demonstrates different
concepts discussed is the class.
.

60
References:
1. Oracle Database 19c DBA By Examples: Installation and Administration, Ravindra
Gupta, 2021.
2. [Link]
3. Pro Oracle Database 18c Administration: Manage and Safeguard Your Organization’s
Data, Michelle Malcher and Darl Kuhn, Third Edition.
4. Oracle Database 12c DBA Handbook, Manage a Scalable, Secure Oracle Enterprise
Database Environment, Bob Bryla.
5. Oracle DBA Mentor: Succeeding as an Oracle Database Administrator, Brian Peasland.

61
 Management Information System

Course Title: Management Information System Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT353 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
This course covers different concepts of management information system including information
system in the global business, collaboration and tools, different types of information systems,
ethical and social issues, concept of business intelligence, enterprise applications, and decision
making.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide different concepts of management information
system to manage business organizations and efficient decision making.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Information Systems in Global Business Today (3 Hrs.)

What’s New in Management Information System?, Globalization Challenges and Opportunities:
A Flattened World, The Emerging Digital Firm, Strategic Business Objectives of Information
System, Information System and its Dimensions, Business Perspective on Information Systems,
Complementary Assets, Academic Disciplines used to Study Information Systems,
Sociotechnical Systems

Unit 2: Global Business and Collaboration (6 Hrs.)

Business Process and their Relationship to Information System, Systems for Different
Management Groups, Systems for Linking the Enterprise, E-business, E-commerce, and E-
government, Collaboration, Social Business, and Benefits, Building Collaborative Culture and
Business Processes, Tools and Technologies for Collaboration and Social Business, Information
Systems Function in a Business – Information Systems Department, Organizing Information
Systems Function

Unit 3: Information Systems, Organization, and Strategy (8 Hrs.)

Organization and its Features, Impact of Information System on Organizations – Economic
Impacts, Organization and Behavioral Impacts, Internet and Organizations, and Implications for
Design and Understanding of Information Systems, Porter’s Competitive Forces Model, Dealing
with Competitive Forces using Information Systems, Internet’s Impact on Competitive
Advantage and Business Value Chain Model, Challenges Posed by Strategic Information System

Unit 4: Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems (7 Hrs.)

Ethical, Social, and Political Issues raised by Information Systems – Model, Five Moral
Dimensions, Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues, Responsibility, Accountability,
and Liability, Ethical Analysis, Candidate Ethical Principles, Professional Codes of Conduct,

62
Real World Ethical Dilemmas, Information Right, Property Right, Accountability, Liability,
System Quality, Quality of Life, Health Risks

Unit 5: Foundations of Business Intelligence (8 Hrs.)

File Organization and Problems with Traditional File Environment, DBMS and its Capabilities,
Designing Databases, Nonrelational Databases, Cloud Databases, and Blockchain, Tools and
Technologies for accessing Information from Databases to Improve Business Performance and
Decision Making, Big Data Challenges, Business Intelligence Infrastructure, Analytical Tools,
Assuring Data Quality

Unit 6: Key System Applications for Digital Age (7 Hrs.)

Enterprise Systems, Enterprise Software and Business Value of Enterprise Systems, Supply
Chain Management System and Software, Business Value of Supply Chain Management
System, Customer Relationship Management System and Software, Business Value of CRM,
Challenges of Enterprise Applications, Role of Knowledge Management System in Business,
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Uses of AI in Business, Knowledge Work Systems

Unit 7: Enhancing Decision Making (6 Hrs.)

Types of Decisions, Decision Making Process, Business Value of Improved Decision Making,
Information System, Management Activities, and Management Decision Making, Business
Intelligence and Business Analytics Support for Decision Making, Decision Support for
Operational, Middle and Senior Management with Business Intelligence

References:
1. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane
P. Laudon, 17th Edition, Pearson, 2022.
2. Information Technology Essentials: Introduction to Information Systems Volume 1, Eric
Frick, 2017.
3. Management Information Systems, James O'Brien and George Marakas, 10th Edition,
McGraw Hill.

63
 Research Methodology
Course Title: Research Methodology Full Marks: 60+40
Course No: RSM354 Pass Marks: 24+16
Nature of the Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
This course introduces the concepts of research methodology. It also emphasizes on formulating
research questions, conducting literature review, data collection, data analysis based on research
questions and other various ethical issues, plagiarism.

Course Objectives:
This course focuses on the concept of research methodology; research design, formulation of
research questions, process of review of literature, methods of data collection, measurement
issues, ethical issues, plagiarism, data analysis and interpretations. After completion of the
course, students will also be able to prepare a mini research report following standard notions of
research methodology.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction to Research Methodology (4 Hrs.)

Meaning, objectives, motivation of research, concept of deductive and inductive theory,
characteristics of scientific method, understanding of concept, construct, variable; research
process

Unit 2: Research Design (6 Hrs.)

Concept of research design and its importance, features of a good research design, exploratory
research design, descriptive research design, experimental research design, quantitative &
qualitative research, empirical research, case study, applications of different research designs and
their limitations, concept of dependent variable, independent variable and assessment of their
relationships, issue of generalization of research findings

Unit 3: Identification and Formulation of Research Question (5 Hrs.)

Identification of research questions and its formulation, research objectives, statement of the
problem, setting up the research hypothesis, sources of hypothesis and its utilities

Unit 4: Review of Literature (10 Hrs.)

Concept of review of literature, process of reviewing books, journal articles, reports; citation and
referencing, an overview of different formats of citation and referencing, citation of books,
reports, journal articles in American Psychological Association(APA) format, preparation of a
small report based on review work on some relevant specific topic,use of encyclopedias, research
guides, handbook, academic databases for computer Science and information technology field,
use of reference management software such as Zotero/Mendeley, paper formatting such as
LaTeX/MS Office, iThenticate Software for detection of Plagiarism

64
Unit 5: Methods of Data Collection and Sampling Techniques (7 Hrs.)
Primary and secondary data, method of collecting primary data, preparation of questionnaire,
type of questions, characteristics of good questionnaire, concept of sampling, population,
sampling frame, sampling and non-sampling error, probability and non-probability sampling,
brief overview of simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, systematic
sampling, multistage sampling and their practical applications in research problems, sample size
estimation for estimating mean and proportion

Unit 6: Measurement and Scaling (3 Hrs.)

Concept of measurement, different levels of measurement, measurement of variables in likert
scales, the issue of validity and reliability in research

Unit 7: Data Analysis and Report preparation (10 Hrs.)

Presentation of data through frequency tables, bar charts, pie charts, percentages, cross
tabulations, summary measures, use of inferential statistical analysis in bivariate analysis( t-test,
chi-square test, correlations, etc.) and concept of multivariate analysis, format of academic
research report, preparation of a mini-research report following standard research methodology;
ethical issues related to use of data, plagiarism, informed consent, self-privacy while collecting
primary data, etc.

References:

1. Bryman A. & Bell E.(2015). Business Research Methods. Oxford University Press
2. Day R. A. &Gastel B. (2016).How to write and publish a scientific paper. (8thed.).
Greenwood Publication.
3. Kerlinger F.N. (2004). Foundations of Behavioral [Link] Publications, New
Delhi, India
4. Kothari C.R. (2004). Research Methodology. New Age International (P) Limited,
Publishers, India
5. Kumar, Ranjit (2011). Research Methodology. SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited, India.

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 Geographical Information System

Course Title: Geographical Information System Full Marks: 60+20+20

Course Code: BIT355 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of the course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
The course covers about basic concepts of capturing and mapping real world, different spatial
data model and structure, modeling and database design, spatial data manipulation, analysis and
visualization, overview of open GIS, open source GIS data and application of GIS in different
fields for communication and decision making process.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide students with knowledge of fundamental concepts
of geographic information system.

Unit 1: The basics of geographic information system (5 Hrs.)

Definition of GIS, GIS Components and Functions, GIS and Cartography, Evolution of GIS in
Relation to Computational and Information Technology, Benefits of GIS, GIS Application
Areas, Introduction to Different GIS Software

Unit 2: Mapping the Real World with Vector and Raster Data (8 Hrs.)
Modeling and Representing the Real World, Vector Data Model, Vector Data Types, Vector
Topology and Data Formats, Building Basic Topology, Comparison of Shapefile, Coverage and
Geodatabase, Geo-relational and Object-relational Vector Data Models, TIN Data Model, Raster
Data Model, Basic Elements of Raster Data, Raster Data Formats, Georeferencing Imagery,
Creating Vector Data from Digitization, Map Scale, Precision and Accuracy, Spatial Resolution
and Data Volume, Vector vs. Raster Data Model, Map Design and Layout, Map Elements

Unit 3: Data Acquisition Techniques in GIS (8 Hrs.)

Spatial and non-spatial data, Primary and Secondary Data Capture Techniques, Concepts of Field
Survey for Large Scale Mapping, Scanning and Digitizing, Introduction to global navigation
Satellite System (GNSS), Remote Sensing Technology, Satellite Orbits, Aerial Photography,
Photogrammetry, Other emerging imaging techniques, Conversion and Integration of GPS and
RS data with GIS

Unit 4: Map Projection and Coordinate System (6 Hrs.)

Concepts of Longitude and Latitude, Geographic and Projected Coordinate Systems,
Mathematical Model of Earth, Geoid and Ellipsoids, Horizontal and Vertical Datum, Changing
Projection and Coordinate Systems, Types of Projection Systems, Projection Parameters,
Working with Map Projection

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Unit 5: Vector Data Analysis (7 Hrs.)
Filtering Data using Queries, Vector Overlay Analysis, Geoprocessing Functions, Proximity and
Buffer Analysis, Route Optimization and Shortest Path, Mapping Non-spatial Data, Creating
ModelBuilder

Unit 6: Raster Data Analysis (7 Hrs.)

Overview of Raster Overlay, Map Algebra, Raster Calculator, Overlaying Raster, Introduction to
Interpolation and Spatial Autocorrelation, DEM, Spatial Statistics, Local Raster Operations,
Focal Raster Operations, Zonal Raster Operations, Global Raster Operations, Raster Weighted
Overlay, Mosaic and Aggregate tools, Distance Measurement

Unit 7: Open GIS and Applications (4 Hrs.)

Introduction of open concept in GIS, Open source software for spatial data analysis, Open Vs
Commercial GIS Program, GIS programming and customization, Python script tools,
Customizing QGIS with Python, Web Based GIS system, Open source GIS data, Introduction to
Google Earth Engine and Applications, GIS application case studies

Laboratory works: The lab should cover at least the concepts given in the chapters

References:

1. P. Lo and Albert K.W. Yeung, Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information

Systems, Pearson Prentice Hall
2. K. T. Chang, Introduction to geographic information systems. Ninth edition, Boston:
McGraw-Hill.
3. Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W., Geographic information
systems and science. John Wiley & Sons.
4. Huisman, Otto, and Rolf A. de By. "Principles of geographic information systems." ITC
Educational Textbook Series 1 (2009): 17.
5. Kerle, Norman, Lucas LF Janssen, and Gerrit C. Huurneman. Principles of remote
sensing." ITC, Educational textbook series 2 (2004): 250.
6. Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R. A., & Lloyd, C. D. (2015). Principles of geographical
information systems. Oxford university press.
7. ESRI guide to GIS analysis Andy Mitchell, ESRI press, Red lands

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 Multimedia Computing

Course Title: Multimedia Computing Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT356 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description: This course familiarizes students with the concepts of multimedia
computing including sound, image, video, animations, data compression, and multimedia
applications.

Course Objectives: The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge of different
concepts of multimedia computing and their applications.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction (2 Hrs.)

Multimedia Systems; Components of multimedia; Multimedia System, its characteristics and
properties; Structure of Multimedia; Applications

Unit 2: Text / Sound / Audio System (7 Hrs.)

Text: Types of Text, Ways to Present Text, Aspects of Text Design, Character, Character Set,
Codes, Unicode, Encryption
Sound / Audio: Basic Sound Concepts, Types of Sound, Digitizing Sound, Audio Formats,
Audio tools, MIDI; Speech Generation, Speech Analysis and Speech Transmission

Unit 3: Image and Video (6 Hrs.)

Image: Digital Image Representation, Uses of Images, Formats, Image Color Scheme, Image
Enhancement; Image Synthesis, Analysis and Transmission
Video: Analogue and Digital Video, Recording Formats and Standards (JPEG, MPEG, H.261)
Transmission of Video Signals, Video Capture

Unit 4: Video and Animation (8 Hrs.)

Digital Video; Video Signal Representation; Computer Video Format; Computer-Based
Animation; Animation Language; Timeline and Frame based animation; Timeline and Tween-
Based Animation; Methods of controlling Animation; Display of Animation; Transmission of
Animation

Unit 5: Data Compression (5 Hrs.)

Introduction; basics of compression; storage space; need of coding; Lossy and Lossless
Compression Techniques; Source, Entropy and Hybrid Coding; Lossy Sequential DCT – based
mode; Expanded Lossy DCT-based mode; JPEG and MPEG Compression

Unit 6: Abstraction for Programming (5 Hrs.)

Introduction to abstraction levels; Libraries; System Software; Toolkits; Higher Programming
Languages; Object Oriented Approaches

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Unit 7: Multimedia Design (4 Hrs.)
Development Phases and Development Teams; Analysis, Design, Development and
Implementation Phase; Evaluation and Testing Phase

Unit 8: User Interfaces (4 Hrs.)

Basic Design Issues; Video and Audio at the User Interface; User-Friendliness as the Primary
Goal

Unit 9: Multimedia Application (4 Hrs.)

Media Preparation and Composition; Media Integration and Communication; Media
Entertainment; Telemedicine; E-learning; Digital Video Editing and Production Systems; Video
Conferencing; Video-on-demand

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory works should focus on writing programs of different concepts of multimedia
computing

References:

1. Multimedia: Computing, Communications and Applications, Ralf Steinmetz and Klara

Nahrstedt, Pearson Education Asia
2. Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols and Standards, Fred
Halsall, Pearson Education Asia
3. Multimedia Systems, John F. Koegel Buford, Pearson Education Asia
4. Multimedia Fundamentals: Vol. 1- Media Coding and Content Processing, Ralf Steinmetz
and Klara Nahrstedt, PHI.

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 Wireless Networking

Course Title: Wireless Networking Full Marks: 60+ 20+20

Course No: BIT357 Pass Marks: 24+8+8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
The course addresses the fundamentals of wireless communications and provides an overview of
existing and emerging wireless communications networks. It covers radio propagation and fading
models, fundamentals of cellular communications, multiple access technologies, and various
wireless networks, including past and future generation networks. Simulation of wireless systems
under different channel environments will be integral part of this course.

Course Objectives:
To characterize fading multi-path radio channels, describe different types of diversity for mobile
radio channels, explain propagation models for mobile and portable wireless communication,
analyze simple wireless networks in terms of coverage and capacity, discuss multiple access
techniques and slandered, describe mobility management strategies and traffic calculation,
describe concept of mobile IP, protocols and routing in ad-hoc network.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Overview of wireless communications and systems (2 Hrs.)

1.1. Introduction to Wireless Communications, Challenges in Wireless Communication
Networks, Cellular Systems from 1G to 3G , Wireless 4G and 5G Systems

Unit 2: Wireless Channel Characterization (7 Hrs.)

2.1. Multipath Propagation Environment, Small Scale Fading, Fading Effects due to
Multipath Time Delay Spread, Fading Effects due to Doppler Spread
2.2. Channel Models, Fading Models: Rayleigh Fading Distribution, Ricean Fading
Distribution
2.3. Large Scale Path-Loss and Shadowing, Free-Space Path Loss Model, Propagation Over
Reflecting Surface (Smoothing Plane), Long Distance Path loss with Shadowing:
Okumura-Hara Path Loss Model

Unit 3: Band Pass Transmission Technique for Mobile Radio (9 Hrs.)

3.1. An overview of Digital Communication, Pulse Shaping Technique, Nyquist Pulse
Shaping, Raised Cosine Roll-off Filter
3.2. Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio, Analog and Digital Modulation – An
overview, Criteria of Choosing Modulation Schemes, Geometric Representation of
Modulated signal, Power Spectral Density, Probability of Error
3.3. Digital Modulation Techniques, Digital Linear Modulation ( BPSK, DPSK, QPSK)
3.4. Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), M-array
(MPSK, MFSK, QAM and OFDM) Modulation and Demodulation

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Unit 4: Equalization, Diversity and Channel Coding (4 Hrs.)
4.1. Basics of Equalization, Equalization in Communications Receivers, Linear Equalizers,
Non-Linear Equalization, Decision Feedback and Maximum Likelihood Sequence
Estimation Equalizations
4.2. Adaptive Equalization Algorithms, Zero Forcing, Least Mean Square, Recursive Least
Squares Algorithms, Fractionally Spaced Equalizers
4.3. Diversity Methods, Advantages of Diversity, Basic Definitions, Space Diversity,
Reception Methods (Selection, Feedback, Maximum Ratio and Equal Gain Diversity),
Polarization, Frequency and Time Diversity, RAKE Receivers and Interleaving

Unit 5: Fundamental of Cellular Network (6 Hrs.)

5.1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Ports, IP Address
Network Classes in JDK
5.2. Socket Programming using TCP, Socket Programming using UDP, working with URL’s,
working with URL Connection Class

Unit 6: Multiple Access in Wireless Network (6 Hrs.)

6.1. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Principle and Application, Time Division
Multiple Access (TDMA) Principles and Applications
6.2. Spread Spectrum Multiple Access, Frequency Hopped Multiple Access, Code Division
Multiple Access, hybrid spread spectrum multiple access techniques, Space Division
Multiple Access, Standards for Wireless Local Area Networks

Unit 7: Mobility Management in Wireless Network (5 Hrs.)

7.1. Introduction to Mobility Management, Call Admission Control (CAC), Handoff
Management, Handoff Strategies, Handoff Types
7.2. Location Management for Cellular Network, Location Management for PCS Network,
Traffic Calculation

Unit 8: Wireless Internetworking (6 Hrs.)

8.1. Introduction to Internetworking for Wireless Networks
8.2. Concept of mobile IP, Architecture and Operation, Tunneling in mobile IP.
8.3. Mobility in IPv6, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP), Wireless Markup Language (WML), Mobile AD HOC Network (MANET),
ADHOC Routing Protocols

Laboratory Works:
Students should write programs and prepare lab sheet for most of the units in the syllabus.
Majorly, students should practice design and implementation of wireless network. Students are
advised to implement the modulator de-modulator, frequency planning, channel assignment as
well as routing algorithms used in wireless network. Students are advised to use simulators.
Students are advised to visit the mobile service operators, network service providers, internet

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service providers and prepare the report including architecture, service, and functioning of the
wireless network.

References:

1. Jon W. Mark and Weihua Zhuang, Wireless Communication and Networking, Prentice
Hall
2. K. Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, Prentice Hall
3. T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall
4. J. Schiller, Mobile Communications, Pearson

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 Society and Ethics in IT

Course Title: Society and Ethics in IT Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course No: BIT358 Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
This course covers different concepts related with social and ethical concepts, morality, law,
anonymity, security, privacy, and intellectual property rights. This course also covers social
context of computing, software issues, new frontiers of computer ethics, cyberbullying, and
computer crime investigation.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge on the concept of social
and ethical issues related to information technology.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Introduction (4 Hrs.)

Emergence of Social and Ethical Problems in Computing; Computer Ethics; Importance of
Computer Ethics; Morality (Moral Theories, Moral Decision Making, Moral Codes, Moral
Standards, Guilt and Conscience, and Morality and Religion); Law (Nature of Law,
Conventional Law, Purpose of Law, Penal Code, Morality and Law); Morality, Etiquettes and
Manners

Unit 2: Ethics, Ethical Analysis, and Professions (4 Hrs.)

Traditional Definition; Ethical Theories; Functional Definition of Ethics; Ethical Reasoning and
Decision Making; Codes of Ethics; Reflections on Computer Ethics; Technology and Values;
Evolution of Professions; Education and Licensing; Professional Decision Making and Ethics;
Professionalism and Ethical Responsibilities

Unit 3: Anonymity, Security, Privacy, and Civil Liberties (5 Hrs.)

Introduction; Anonymity (Anonymity and Internet; Advantages, Disadvantages, and Legal
Views); Security (Physical Security, Physical Access Control, Information Security Controls,
Operational Security); Privacy (Definition, Types and Value of Privacy, Privacy Implications of
Database System, Privacy Violations and Legal Implications, Privacy Protection and Civil
Liberties); Ethical and Legal Framework for Information (Ethics and Privacy, Ethical and Legal
Basis for Privacy Protection)

Unit 4: Intellectual Property Rights and Computer Technology (7 Hrs.)

Definitions; Computer Products and Services; Foundations of Intellectual Property; Ownership;
Intellectual Property Crimes; Protection of Ownership Rights; Protecting Computer Software;
Transnational Issues and Intellectual Property

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Unit 5: Social Context of Computing (6 Hrs.)
Introduction; Digital Divide; Obstacles to Overcome the Digital Divide; ICT in the Workplace;
Employee Monitoring; Workplace, Employee, Health, and Productivity

Unit 6: Software Issues (6 Hrs.)

Definitions; Causes of Software Failures; Risk; Consumer Protection; Improving Software
Quality; Producer Protection

Unit 7: New Frontiers for Computer Ethics (6 Hrs.)

Artificial Intelligence and Ethics; Virtualization, Virtual Reality, and Ethics; Cyberspace and
Ethics

Unit 8: Cyberbullying, Computer Crime Investigation, and Ethics (7 Hrs.)

Cyberbullying (Definition, Types of Cyberbullying, Areas of Society Most Affected by
Cyberbullying, Legislation against Cyberbullying, Effects of Cyberbullying, and Dealing with
Cyberbullying); Computer Crime; Digital Evidence; Preserving Evidence; Analysis of Digital
Evidence; Relevance and Validity of Digital Evidence; Writing Investigation Reports; Ethical
Implications and Responsibilities in Computer Forensic Investigation

Laboratory Works:
The laboratory works should focus on using tools to demonstrate virtualization and digital
forensics

References:

4. Joseph Migga Kizza, Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age, Springer International
Publishing, 6th Edition, 2017
5. Michael J. Quinn, Ethics for the Information Age, 7th Edition, Pearson Education, 2017
6. Pratley Peter, “The Essence of Business Ethics”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi

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 Psychology
Course Title: Psychology Full Marks: 60+40
Course No: PSY359 Pass Marks: 24+16
Nature of Course: Theory Credit Hrs: 3
Semester: VI

Course Description:
The course is designed to acquaint the students with the concepts, findings and approaches used
by psychologists to provide explanations of underlying human behavior as a basis for
understanding people in different life setting.

Course Objectives:
To familiarize the students with the basic processes and structures underlying human behavior as
a basis for managing people in an organizational setting.

Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction (5 Hrs.)
Understanding Psychology: Meaning of Psychology and Development, Scope of Psychology,
Major perspectives of Psychology, Goals and applications

Unit 2: Perception (5 Hrs.)

Concepts and Importance, Principles of Perceptual Organization, Constancies and Illusions, Key
perceptual processes

Unit 3: Learning (5 Hrs.)

Concept, Models of Learning: Concept and Applications of Classical Conditioning, Operant
Conditioning, Insight and Observational Learning, Application of Learning Theories: i) Shaping
Behavior - Reinforcement, and Punishment, ii) Learned Helplessness

Unit 4: Memory and Forgetting (6 Hrs.)

Concept and Processes of Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval), Types of memory: working
and long term memory, Forgetting: Types and theories, Memory Distortion and Memory
Construction, Improving Memory

Unit 5: Cognition (5 Hrs.)

Creative Thinking: Concept, Factors Influencing Creative Thinking, Problem Solving: Concept,
Methods of Problem Solving (Trial and Error, Algorithm, Heuristics), Decision-Making:
Concept, Common Biases and Errors in Problem Solving : i) Over- Confidence, ii) Anchoring
Bias, iii) Availability Bias, iv) Confirmation Bias, v) Representative Bias, vi) Escalation Of
Commitment, vii) Hindsight Bias

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Unit 6: Emotion and Motivation (5 Hrs.)
Motivation: Concept and Types, Implication of Motivation for Managers, Emotion: Concept and
Types. Application of Emotions in Organization (Ability and Selection, Decision-Making,
Creativity, Interpersonal Conflict, Deviant Workplace Behaviors) Subjective Well Being, Stress

Unit 7: Intelligence (5 Hrs.)

Intelligence-Concept, Major Approaches of Intelligence: Gardner’s Theory of Multiple
Intelligence, Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory, Cattell’s Theory of Intelligence, Variations in
Intellectual Ability: Intellectual Disability and Mentally Gifted. Emotional Intelligence: Concept,
Goleman’s Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence

Unit 8: Personality (5 Hrs.)

Concept, Determinants, Approaches to Personality: Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality,
Traits Approaches to Personality, Learning Approaches to Personality, Humanistic Approaches
to Personality, Measuring personality: Objective and projective approach

Unit 9: Social Thought and Behaviors (4 Hrs.)

Social Behavior: i) Persuasion, ii) Attitudes, iii) Prejudices and Techniques to Reduce it,
Prosocial Behavior: Social Influences: i) Conformity, ii) Compliance, iii) Obedience (Milgram’s
Experiment)

References:
1. Baron, R. A. (Latest Edition).[Link]-Hall of India.
2. Ciccarelli, Saundra K. & White, N. (2015). Psychology .4 th Edition. Pearson Education,
Inc.
3. Feldman, R. S. (2015). Understanding Psychology.11th Edition. McGraw Hill
Publication
4. Nolen, S, & A. Wagenaar.(2009). Atkinson & Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology,
[Link] Learning

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