Research Proposal
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BS (Psychology)
Semester 7th
Department of Psychology
University of Sargodha
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
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Department/Institute/College: Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
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Topic of research: Impact of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), Social Media Engagement on
Life Satisfaction among College Students.
Introduction
Fear of missing out (FOMO) is a unique term introduced in 2004 and
then extensively used since (2010) to describe a phenomenon observed
on social networking sites Ryan et al., (2019). In 2013 British
psychologists elaborated and defined it as “pervasive apprehension that
others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is
absent”, FOMO is characterized by the desire to stay continually
connected with what others are doing. F0MO was conceptualized using
self-determination theory (SDT), which was developed by Ryan et al
(2019) and applied by Przybylski et al., (2013) to understanding what
drives FOMO. Social media represents various Internet tools,
technologies or apps that emphasize the social communication,
collaboration, and creative expression on the Internet (Nada and Rick,
2011; Dabbagh and Katsinas, 2012). With the rapid spread of
smartphones, social media has become an indispensable tool for
maintaining social connections, browsing news, and entertainment,
especially among young people. There may be more comprehensive
indicators than those objective variables, which can reveal the actual
connection between social media use and adolescents’ development and
mental health.
Rationale According to this theory, people experience greater satisfaction when
they perceive that they are making progress towards their goals and feel
that they are capable of achieving them. The satisfaction theory is often
applied to areas such as work, education, and relationships. According to
the literature, FOMO can be understood as a self-regulatory limbo,
arising from individual differences in psychological need satisfaction
and lower psychological well-being. People who experience deficits in
basic psychological needs or lower psychological well-being (i.e. lower
general mood and life satisfaction) are hypothesized to be more anxious
about missing out on socially rewarding experiences (FOMO), and
hence, feel a stronger urge to be constantly connected through social
media. As social media makes users aware of alternative social activities
taking place, they are hypothesized to increase feelings of FOMO, which
subsequently increases deficits in basic psychological needs or decreases
psychological well-being. Although this process has been proposed to
consist of reciprocal relations between FOMO, psychological need
satisfaction, psychological well-being, and social media use, no study to
date has formally tested such causal dynamics over time. which allowed
us to separate the observed scores into two components; a time-invariant
between-person part that varies between individuals (referred to as
“trait-like”), and a time-variant part that fluctuates within individuals
over time. When looking at between-person effects, we found support
for associations between all of the variables examined. The strongest
associations were the between-person associations between Omo and
social media use. Individuals who experienced more FOMO across the
three time points than others were also more likely to engage in social
media use across the three time points than others, and vice versa. In
addition, we found between-person associations between FOMO and
deficits in psychological need satisfaction, general mood, and life
satisfaction
Conceptual framework
1. To investigate the influence of fear of missing out relate with
social media engagement.
2. To determine the relationship of fear of missing out, social media
engagement on life satisfaction.
3. Perceived social support.
Objective
H1: There would be a significant correlation among all variables of the
study.
H2: Fear of missing out will be the significant negative predictor of life
satisfaction
H3: Social media engagement will be the significant negative predictor
of life satisfaction
Hypotheses For this purpose, descriptive survey research design will be used. The
survey-based questionnaire will be distributed among different age
groups.
The purposive sample selection will be used for data collection. The
sample of present study will be consisted of 300 samples. Sample on
based on education individuals who are college students.
Fear of missing out: The Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) scale is a
measure used in psychology to assess an individual's level of anxiety or
Methodology concern about missing out on social events or experiences. It typically
consists of a series of questions designed to gauge the extent to which a
person experiences FOMO. It can help psychologists understand how
much FOMO affects someone's well-being and social behavior. If you're
interested, I can provide more details or help you find a specific FOMO
Sampling scale. Developed by Przybylski et al. (2013).
Social media engagement: Social Media Engagement Scale (SMES)
was developed by Ryan and Xenos (2011). It's designed to measure
Measures individuals' engagement with social media platforms.
Life satisfaction: Life satisfaction scales are used to measure an
individual's subjective evaluation of their life, including their feelings,
experiences, and fulfillment. A 5-item scale developed by Diener et al.
(1985), measuring global life satisfaction
To find out the desired results, statistical analysis will be used inferential
statistics (mean, stander deviation, regression, t test, correlation). Here
we use IBM SPSS statistics 25.
AK, Murayama K, DeHaan CR, Gladwell V. Motivational, emotional,
and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Compute Human
Behav.2013;29:1841 -1848.
Dabbagh, N., and Katsinas. (2012). Personal learning environment,
social media, and self –regulated learning: a natural formula for
connecting formal and informal learning. Internet High. Duc. 15, 3-8.
Doi: 10.1016/[Link].2011.06.002.
Diener, E.: 1994, ‘Assessing subjective well-being: progress and
opportunities’, Social Indicators Research 31, pp. 103–159
Proposed Analysis
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013).
Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing
out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848
References
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The Case has been discussed in the meeting of Board of Studies on
__________________________ and recommended for approval of the title and name of the
supervisor.
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Chairperson of the Department
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Dean of the Faculty
Submitted to Advanced Studies & Research Board
