Computing Essentials - Introduction to IT
Chapter 2 – The Internet, the Web, and
Electronic Commerce
الدكتورإبراهيم أحمرو
Learning Objectives
1. Explain the origins of the Internet and the web.
2. Explain how to access the web using providers and browsers.
3. Compare different web utilities including plug-ins, filters, file
transfer utilities, and Internet security suites.
4. Compare different Internet communications, including email, text
messaging, instant messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs,
Webcasts, podcasts, and wikis.
5. Describe search tools, including search engines and specialized
search engines.
6. Evaluate the accuracy of information on the web.
7. Identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and
security issues.
8. Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of
clients, Internet, and service providers.
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Introduction
} The Internet is an interconnected mesh of computers and data lines
that connects millions of people and organizations.
} It is the foundation of the digital revolution.
} The web provides an easy-to-use interface to Internet resources that
has become an everyday tool.
} To be effective and efficient, end users need to be aware of the
resources available on the Internet and the web and how to access
them.
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The Internet and the Web
} The Internet is a large global network, connecting smaller networks all over
the globe
} The Internet was launched in 1969
} The United States funded project to develop a national computer network
} ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
} The World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1991 at CERN (Center
for European Nuclear Research)
} Email was the first “killer app”
} The Internet and the web are NOT the same
} The Internet is the physical network that transports data(supports services unrelated to the
web, for example: email, file transfer, multiplayer video games, wire transfers, phone calls)
} The web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet
4
Common Internet Uses
} Communicating
} e-mail, photos, videos
} Discussions
} Shopping
} Searching
} Virtual libraries
} Education or
e-learning
} Entertainment
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Making IT Work for You ~ Online Entertainment
} Use the Internet to locate and play movies and television shows
} Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime
6
Access
} Common way to access the Internet is through a
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
} Provide a connection for individuals to access the
Internet
} Use telephone lines, cable, and/or wireless connections
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Browsers
} Programs that provide access to web resources
} Allow you to explore the web by interpreting and than displaying
webpages
} Different browsers may interpret and display the same web page
differently, so web developers must test websites on different browsers to
make sure they look good
} Popular Web browsers include:
} Mozilla Firefox
} Apple Safari
} Microsoft Internet Explorer
} Google Chrome
} Address or location of the
resource must be specified
} URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
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URLs
} URLs tell the computer } Top-level domain (TLD)
were a file is located. or Web Suffix
} Uniform Resource } Identifies the type of
Locator organization
} Has at least two parts
} Protocol
} Domain name
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HTML and Hyperlinks
} Browsers interpret HTML commands
} Hypertext Markup Language
} Display document as a web page
} Hyperlinks or links
} Connect to other web pages
} Text files
} Graphic images
} Audio and Video Clips
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Interactive Web Sites
} Technologies used to provide highly
interactive and animated websites
} Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
} JavaScript
} AJAX
} Applets
} Mobile Browsers
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Web Utilities
} Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet
and web safer and easier
} Plug-Ins
} Filters
} File Transfer
Utilities
} Internet Security
Suites
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Plug-Ins
} Programs that automatically start and operate as part of you
browser
} Plugins can slow down your browsing experience, so sometimes it
makes sense to temporarily disable them
} Plugins pose a security risk, which is another reason to temporarily
disable them
} Provide an enhanced browsing experience by enabling special file
formats and multimedia elements
} Acrobat Reader
} Flash
} QuickTime
} Windows Media Player
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Filters
} Programs that block access to selected sites and
can set time limits
} Monitor total time spent on the Internet and at
individual web sites
} CyberPatrol
} PearlEcho
} Norton Online Family
} Net Nanny
} Symantec Web Gateway
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File Transfer Utilities
} Programs that help you upload and download files to and from
the Internet
} Downloading
} Uploading
} Three popular types of programs
} Filetransfer protocol (FTP) and secure file transfer protocol (SFTP)
} Web-based file transfer services
} Bit-Torrent
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Internet Security Suites
} Designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the web
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Email
} E-mail
} Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet
} Three elements
} Header
} Address
} Subject
} Attachments
} Message
} Signature
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Email
} Client-based e-mail system
} E-mail client
} How does Gmail make money?
} Showing you targeted advertisements based on the
automatic analysis of your emails
} Web-based e-mail system
} Webmail
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Spam
} Junk and/or unwanted e-mail
} Computer viruses or destructive programs are often attached
to unsolicited email
} CAN-SPAM Act
} Spam blockers / spam filters use a variety of approaches to
identify and control spam
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Messaging
} Text messaging / texting
} SMS (short message service)
} Short electronic message
} Instant messaging
} Extension of email that provides direct, live
communication between two or more people
} Most programs include video conferencing features, file sharing and remote
assistance
} Facebook Chat
} Google Talk
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Social Networking
} Connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or
activity
} Three most popular:
} Facebook
} Facebook Profiles
} Facebook Pages
} Facebook groups
} Google+
} Circles
} Hangouts
} Sparks
} LinkedIn
} Business-oriented
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Blogs, Microblogs
} Web logs or blogs – } Microblogs – short status
personal news pages updates that answer the
that are date/time- question:
stamped and arranged } What are you doing
with the most recent now?
items shown first
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Webcasts, Podcasts, Wikis
} Webcast – streaming } Wiki – a specially designed
technology for live Web site that allows visitors
broadcast of audio and to edit the contents,
video supports collaborative
} Podcast-audio and writing
video files that can be
downloaded to your
computer or media
player
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Search Tools
} Search Services
} Specialized Search Engines
} Spiders
} Search Engines
} Content Evaluation
} Authority
} Accuracy
} Objectivity
} Currency (how recent)
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Electronic Commerce
} Also known as e-commerce
} Buying and selling of goods over the Internet
} Business-to-consumer (B2C)
} Consumer-to consumer (C2C)
} Business-to-business (B2B)
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Business to Consumer (B2C)
} Fastest growing type of e-commerce
} Three most widely used B2C applications:
} Online banking
} Financial trading
} Shopping
Return
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Consumer to Consumer C2C
} Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)
} Web auctions
} Similar to traditional auctions
} Person-to-person auction sites
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Business to Business B2B
} Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to
another
} Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship
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Online payment Security
} Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and
secure
} options
} Credit card
} Digital cash
} Any online payment processor
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Cloud Computing
} Shifts computing activities from users’ desktops to computers
on the Internet
} Frees end-users from owning, maintaining, and storing software
programs and data
} Three basic components:
} Clients (end-users)
} Service providers
} The Internet
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Careers In IT - Webmasters
} Develop and maintain websites and resources
} Backup of company website
} Update and develop new resources
} Work with the marketing
department to increase site
traffic and monitor the flow
of customer interactions
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A Look to the Future
} Car’s Dashboard as a power, Internet-connected
computing device
} Safety and diagnostic features are already there
} Potential distractions?
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