Community Engagement Project

(Guidelines and Work Book)

Course Code: CEF-260-COM

(2024 Course)
Second Year Engineering

Year 2025 - 2026

Group ID: _________________________

Team Members:
1. Pranshu Tiwari
2. Adhiraj Kedari
3. Ajeet Gupta

Project Title: A Simulation-Based Prototype of a Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy System for Off-
Grid Applications

Name of Mentor: Prof. Shraddha Shingne

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Pranshu Tiwaari, Mr. Adhiraj Kedari, Mr. Ajeet Gupta Group No.
___________ Division: A Branch Computer has successfully completed the work associated
with Community Engagement Project (CEF-260-COM) titled as A Simulation-Based
Prototype of a Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy System for Off-Grid Applications and has
submitted the work book associated under my supervision, in the partial fulfillment of Second
Year Bachelor of Engineering (2024 course) of Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Date: 03/10/25
Place: Pimpri, Pune
Guide
Prof. Shraddha Shingne
Head
Dr. Vinod Kimbahune
Principal
Dr. Nitin Sherje

Table of Contents

Sr. No. Description

1. Community Engagement Project Syllabus

2. Recommended Guidelines and Phases

3. Evaluation and Continuous Assessment

Sheet

4. Project Information Sheet

5. Continuous Assessment and Remarks

Sheet

6. Project Monitoring (1 sheet per week)

1. Community Engagement Project Syllabus:

Teaching/scheme: 04 Hours/Week
Examination Scheme:
Credits: 02
Term Work: 25 Marks,
Oral/Presentation: 25 Marks

Course Objectives:

The course aims to:

1. Establish a mutually beneficial relationship between the college and the community.
2. Provide opportunities to engage with their local community, fostering empathy,
teamwork, and problem-solving skills while contributing positively to their surroundings.
3. Develop an understanding of the challenges faced by the local community and the role
of engineering in addressing those challenges.
4. Build the ability to apply technical knowledge and skills to design solutions or
interventions that create a positive impact on the community.
5. Develop the skills to evaluate and critically analyze the outcomes of their engagement
activities, deriving actionable insights for sustainable impact.

Course Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

● CO1: Identify and Analyze local community needs and challenges by engaging with
stakeholders and evaluating real-world problems.
● CO2: Design and Implement practical, creative, and context-specific solutions using
engineering principles to address community issues.
● CO3: Reflect and Evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions and articulate lessons
learned through reports and presentations.

Implementation

● A group of 3 to 4 students could be assigned for a particular habitation or village or

municipal ward, as far as possible, in the near vicinity of their place of stay/college
premise.
● Each group/practical batch is allotted to a faculty member of the department as a
mentor.
 ● The group of students will be associated with a government official / village
authorities /NGOs etc. concerned, allotted by the district administration, during the
duration of the project.
● An activity book has to be maintained by each of the students to record the activities
undertaken/involved and will be countersigned by the concerned mentor/HoD.
● Project report shall be submitted by each student/group of students.
● Oral Examination shall consist of presentation and demonstration of the project work
carried out by the project groups.

2. Recommended Guidelines and Phases:

Community Engagement project is learning through activity. One of the teachers can be
appointed as coordinator for CEP. Following are the recommended guidelines that will work
as an initiator and facilitator in process of completion of CEP.
● In first week of commencement of 3rd semester let the coordinator create awareness
about CEP (what, why, and how) among the students.
● Convey students expected outcomes, assessment process and evaluation criteria.
● Get groups of students registered preferably 3-4 students per group.
● Assign mentor to each group.
● Provide guidelines for title identification (Problem can be some real life situation that
needs technology solutions. This situation can be identified by meeting people around,
visiting various industries, society, and institutes. The solution can be prototype, model,
convertible solutions, survey and analysis, simulation, and similar).
● Let students submit the problem identified in prescribed format (Title, Problem
statement, details of a problem undertaken, and what is need of solution to the
problem).
● Coordinator and mentor can approve the problem statements based on feasibility and
learning outcomes expected for first year engineering students.
● Mentor is to monitor progress of the task during phases of project work. Broadly phases
may include- requirements gathering, preparing a solution, technology design for the
solution (optional phases- implementation and testing).
● Weekly monitoring and continuous assessment record is to be maintained by mentor.
● Get the report submitted at the end of semester.
3. Evaluation and Assessment Sheet (To be filled in by
mentor)

Sr. No. Details Maximum Marks Marks Obtained

1. Problem 10
Identification (Idea
Inception)

2. Problem Analysis 10
(Requirement
Gathering)

3. Proposed Solution 20
Model/Design/
Process / prototype

4. Technology 15
Solution Model and
Coding

5. Expected 05
Outcomes

6. Implementation 10
and Testing

7. Regularity 10
(Attendance +
Weekly Progress
Reporting)

8. Awareness 10
 /Consideration of -
Environment/ Social
/Ethics/ Safety
measures/Legal
aspects /Field Visit

9. Contest 05
Participation/
publication

10. Report 05

Total Marks 100

Date: 03/10/25

Name & Sign of Mentor

4. Project Information Sheet

Project ID: _________________________

Title: A Simulation-Based Prototype of a Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy System for Off-Grid

Applications

Problem Statement: In many rural and remote areas, access to a reliable and uninterrupted
electricity supply remains a significant challenge due to limitations in grid infrastructure and
frequent power outages. Sole reliance on a single renewable energy source—such as solar or
wind—can be insufficient due to seasonal or environmental variations like cloudy days or
windless nights.1 This intermittency creates a critical need for a cost-effective, efficient, and
sustainable hybrid renewable energy system that utilizes both solar and wind energy to
ensure continuous power generation and improve the quality of life for off-grid communities.

Aim and Objectives:

Aim

To develop and validate a wind-solar hybrid prototype through simulation, integrating both
energy sources into a single system to enable stable energy output, improved efficiency, and
better utilization of natural resources. The prototype will be designed to power small
electrical loads, demonstrating how hybrid systems can be a viable solution for off-grid and
low-power applications.

Objectives

1. To perform a comprehensive literature review to identify and mathematically model the

core components of a hybrid system: a Solar Photovoltaic (PV) array, a Wind Turbine
Generator, DC/DC converters, and a DC/AC inverter.
2. To design and implement individual component models within the MATLAB/Simulink
environment, parameterizing them based on realistic technical specifications.3
3. To develop and integrate a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithm for
the solar PV subsystem to maximize energy capture under varying solar irradiance.3
4. To integrate all subsystems into a cohesive hybrid system model capable of delivering
stable AC power to a defined load.
5. To conduct a series of simulation experiments under variable, realistic environmental
conditions (fluctuating wind speed and solar irradiance) to analyze the system's
performance, stability, and efficiency.1
6. To perform a comparative analysis to demonstrate the superior reliability of the hybrid
system compared to standalone solar-only and wind-only configurations.

Name of Mentor: Prof. Shraddha Shingne

Group Members:

Division Roll No. Name Mobile Email ID

Number

A SCOA40 Pranshu Tiwari 7767834621 pranshut913@

 [Link]

A SCOA41 Adhiraj Kedari 8421136518 adhirajkedari3

6@[Link]

A SCOA44 Ajeet Gupta 9096283042 ajeetgupta1551

@[Link]

5. Continuous Assessment and Remarks Sheet (To be

filled in by mentor)

Problem Identification (Idea Inception) -

Problem Analysis (Requirement Gathering) -

Proposed Solution Model/Design/Process / prototype -

Technology Solution Model-

Expected Outcomes-

Implementation and Testing-

Regularity (Attendance + Weekly Progress Reporting)

Awareness/Consideration of -Environment/Social/Ethics/ Safety measures/Legal

aspects-

Contest Participation/publication-

Report -

6. Project Monitoring/ Progress Information Sheets

Week 1

Current Work phase of project:

Project Kick-off and Scope Finalization.
Discussions Held:
The initial meeting with the project mentor, Prof. Shraddha Shingne, served to formally launch
the project and refine its scope. A primary point of discussion was aligning the project's
technical goals with the "Community Engagement" aspect of the course curriculum.7 The
team decided to frame the project as a comprehensive feasibility study for deploying a hybrid
energy system in a hypothetical remote village. This context provides a tangible real-world
application for the simulation, grounding the technical work in a relevant societal problem.8
A critical outcome of the discussion was the confirmation that the project's primary
deliverable would be a fully validated MATLAB/Simulink model and an accompanying
technical report detailing its performance analysis. This decision explicitly focuses the team's
efforts on simulation and modeling, avoiding the complexities of physical hardware
prototyping while still addressing the core engineering challenges.1 This approach mirrors the
initial stages of professional energy project development, where extensive simulation
precedes any physical construction.9 The team also established clear project boundaries for
this phase, deciding to model the generation and power conversion stages while excluding
battery energy storage. This strategic decision simplifies the initial model, with battery
integration identified as a key area for future work.

Progress till Date:

The project's foundational documents are now complete. The official title, a detailed problem
statement addressing the issue of energy intermittency, and a clear set of aims and
objectives have been finalized and recorded in the Project Information Sheet. The team has
established a shared and unambiguous understanding of the project's scope and
deliverables. A preliminary project plan has been drafted, outlining the major phases:
literature review, component modeling, system integration, simulation, and analysis. This
structured approach ensures a logical progression over the 17-week semester.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 2
Current Work phase of project:
Technical Research and Data Gathering.
Discussions Held:
The team's focus shifted to the theoretical underpinnings of the hybrid system. The
discussion with the mentor centered on identifying the key mathematical models that govern
the behavior of the core components. The mentor directed the team toward seminal research
papers that describe the non-linear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of photovoltaic cells,
which are heavily influenced by parameters like series resistance (Rs) and solar irradiance.3
For the wind energy component, the team reviewed the fundamental power curve equations
for wind turbines, which relate the mechanical power output to wind speed, air density, and
the turbine's power coefficient (Cp).10
A significant portion of the discussion was dedicated to control strategies. The team
reviewed various Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms used in solar energy
systems. After evaluating the complexity and effectiveness of different methods, the decision
was made to initially focus on the Perturb & Observe (P&O) algorithm. This choice was based
on its widespread adoption in industry and its relatively straightforward implementation,
making it an ideal starting point for an undergraduate project.10 The P&O method's logic of
incrementally adjusting the system's operating point and observing the effect on power
output provides a clear and effective control mechanism.

Progress till Date:

A comprehensive literature review is now actively underway. The team has compiled the
essential equations required to model a PV cell, a wind turbine coupled to a Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), a DC/DC boost converter, and a three-phase
inverter. This collection of mathematical models forms the theoretical bedrock of the
simulation. In parallel, the team has begun the process of sourcing technical datasheets for
commercially available solar panels and small-scale wind turbines. This data gathering is
crucial for parameterizing the simulation models with realistic values, ensuring that the virtual
prototype's behavior is representative of a real-world system.5
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 3

Current Work phase of project:

Technology Stack Finalization and System Parameterization.
Discussions Held:
The team held a decisive meeting to finalize the simulation environment and establish a
structured approach to parameter management. MATLAB/Simulink, supplemented by the
Simscape Electrical toolbox, was formally selected as the project's technology stack. This
choice was unanimous, driven by the platform's extensive, pre-built libraries for renewable
energy components, power electronics, and control systems. These libraries are well-
documented and industry-standard, significantly accelerating the model development
process while ensuring a high degree of fidelity.11
During the discussion, the mentor emphasized a critical best practice for simulation projects:
the creation of a centralized parameter script. This approach involves defining all system
parameters (e.g., solar panel voltage, turbine rated power, converter switching frequency) in
a single MATLAB script (.m file). This script is then executed before any simulation run,
loading all values into the MATLAB workspace. The key advantage of this method is that it
creates a single source of truth for the entire model. It prevents inconsistencies, simplifies
the process of making system-wide changes, and facilitates advanced analyses, such as
parameter sweeps and sensitivity studies, later in the project.

Progress till Date:

The MATLAB/Simulink development environment has been successfully set up and verified on
all team members' computers. A master parameter script, named parameters.m, has been
created. This script has been populated with the initial set of technical specifications
gathered from component datasheets and design choices, as detailed in Table 1. This table
formalizes the "virtual procurement" phase of the project, grounding the simulation in the
characteristics of real-world hardware. By establishing this centralized parameter framework,
the team has implemented a robust and scalable foundation for all subsequent modeling
work, ensuring consistency and reproducibility.

Component Parameter Value Unit Source

Solar PV Module Peak 300 W Datasheet

Array Power ()

Modules in 5 - Design Choice

Series ()

Strings in 2 - Design Choice

Parallel ()

Voltage at 32.6 V Datasheet

 MPP ()

Current at 9.2 A Datasheet

MPP ()

Open Circuit 39.8 V Datasheet

Voltage ()

Short Circuit 9.7 A Datasheet

Current ()

Wind Turbine Rated Power 3.5 kW Design Choice

Generator PMSG - 6

Type

Cut-in Wind 3 m/s Datasheet

Speed

Rated Wind 12 m/s Datasheet

Speed

Cut-out Wind 25 m/s Datasheet

Speed

DC/DC Boost Switching 20 kHz Design Choice

Converter Frequency

Inductor () 5 mH Calculation

Capacitor () 470 µF Calculation

DC Bus Nominal 400 V Design Choice

 Voltage

Inverter Type 3-Phase - 3

SPWM

Switching 10 kHz Design Choice

Frequency

Load Type 3-Phase - Design Choice

Resistive ()

Power Rating 5 kW Design Choice

Voltage (Line- 230 V Standard

to-Line)

Frequency 50 Hz Standard

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 4

Current Work phase of project:

Mathematical Modeling of the Solar PV Subsystem.
Discussions Held:
The primary technical discussion of the week centered on the practical implementation of the
PV array's characteristic equations within the Simulink environment. The team debated two
main approaches: building a custom model from fundamental mathematical blocks or utilizing
the high-fidelity, pre-built PV Array block available in the Simscape Electrical toolbox. The
mentor advised a hybrid strategy. The team was tasked with first thoroughly understanding
the underlying single-diode equivalent circuit model, which is the theoretical basis for the
Simscape block. This model's core equation, I=Iph−I0−RshV+IRs, captures the complex, non-
linear relationship between voltage and current.
After demonstrating a solid grasp of this theory, the team was approved to use the Simscape
block for the actual implementation. This approach offers the best of both worlds: it ensures
academic rigor by requiring a deep understanding of the fundamental physics, while also
leveraging the efficiency and validated accuracy of the specialized toolbox.3 This prevents
the team from spending excessive time debugging a custom model and allows for a focus on
the system-level integration and control challenges.

Progress till Date:

The Solar PV subsystem model has been fully implemented and validated. The team utilized
the Simscape PV Array block, carefully parameterizing it with the values for open-circuit
voltage, short-circuit current, and MPP coordinates defined in Table 1. The model is
configured to accept two primary inputs: solar irradiance in watts per square meter (W/m2)
and cell temperature in degrees Celsius (°C).
To validate the model's static behavior, the team conducted a simulation under Standard Test
Conditions (STC), defined as 1000 irradiance and 25°C temperature. The simulation output
was used to plot the array's characteristic I-V and P-V curves. The resulting graphs perfectly
matched the expected non-linear shapes, with the peak power point on the P-V curve
aligning precisely with the specified datasheet values.10 This successful validation confirms
that the PV model is accurate and ready for integration into the larger hybrid system.

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 5

Current Work phase of project:

Modeling of the Wind Energy Subsystem.
Discussions Held:
The team's focus this week was on the development of the Wind Energy Conversion System
(WECS) model. The discussion broke the problem down into two main components: the
aerodynamic conversion of wind's kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and the electrical
conversion of mechanical rotation into DC power. For the aerodynamic part, the team
decided to implement the standard turbine power equation, P=21ρACp(λ,β)v3. The key
variable in this equation is the power coefficient, Cp, which is a non-linear function of the tip-
speed ratio (λ) and the blade pitch angle (β). The model will use a lookup table based on
typical turbine characteristics to represent this relationship.
For the electrical generation component, a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
(PMSG) was selected. This choice was driven by the PMSG's advantages in modern wind
turbine applications, including its high efficiency, high power density, and the elimination of
the need for a separate DC excitation system, which simplifies the overall design and reduces
losses.6 The output of the PMSG is a variable-voltage, variable-frequency AC. The team
determined that a simple and robust three-phase diode bridge rectifier would be used to
convert this wild AC output into a variable DC voltage suitable for the next stage of power
conditioning.

Progress till Date:

The complete wind subsystem model has been successfully constructed in Simulink. The
model is composed of three main blocks connected in series. First, a Wind Turbine block,
which uses the aerodynamic power equation and the Cp lookup table, takes wind speed in
meters per second (m/s) as its input and outputs a mechanical torque and rotational speed.
This mechanical output is then fed into a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator block
from the Simscape library. Finally, the three-phase AC output from the PMSG is connected to
a Three-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifier. The final output of the complete subsystem is a
variable DC voltage, with its magnitude directly dependent on the input wind speed. The
model is now functionally complete and ready for integration.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 6

Current Work phase of project:

Design of Power Electronic Interfaces.
Discussions Held:
With both the solar and wind subsystems now producing variable DC voltages, the team's
work shifted to the critical power electronics interface required to connect them to a stable,
common DC bus. The target DC bus voltage was set at 400V, a level suitable for feeding a
standard three-phase inverter. Since the output from both renewable sources will often be
below this level, a DC/DC boost converter topology was selected for each source.
The core of the discussion revolved around the design and calculation of the passive
components for the boost converters—specifically, the inductor () and the output capacitor
(). The mentor guided the team through the standard design equations. The inductor value
was calculated based on the desired maximum ripple in the inductor current, which is crucial
for ensuring continuous conduction mode operation and maximizing efficiency. The capacitor
value was determined based on the acceptable level of output voltage ripple on the DC bus,
which is essential for providing a stable input to the downstream inverter.3 The chosen
switching frequency of 20 kHz represents a common trade-off between switching losses and
the physical size of the required passive components.

Progress till Date:

Two identical DC/DC boost converter models have been built and tested in Simulink. These
models were constructed using individual components from the Simscape Electrical library,
including a MOSFET as the main switching element, a diode, an inductor, and a capacitor,
with values as calculated during the design discussion. For initial testing purposes, the
MOSFET's gate signal is being driven by a simple Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) generator
with a constant, manually set duty cycle. This allows the team to verify the fundamental
voltage-stepping functionality of the converters in isolation. The tests confirmed that the
converters correctly boost a lower input voltage to a higher output voltage, with the voltage
gain corresponding to the theoretical relationship Vout=1−DVin. These validated converter
models are now ready for the integration of advanced control logic.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 7

Current Work phase of project:

Implementation of MPPT Control for Solar PV.
Discussions Held:
This week's session was one of the most critical in the project, focusing entirely on the
implementation of the intelligent control algorithm for the solar subsystem. The discussion
centered on the logic of the Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm. The fundamental goal
of this algorithm is to continuously maximize the power extracted from the PV array by
dynamically adjusting the duty cycle of its associated boost converter. This forces the PV
array to operate at the "knee" of its I-V curve, which corresponds to the peak of its P-V
curve.3
The team walked through the algorithm's logic flow:
1. Measure the current voltage () and current () from the PV array and calculate the power
().
2. Compare with the power from the previous step, .
3. If the power has increased, the last perturbation was beneficial, so continue adjusting
the duty cycle in the same direction (e.g., increase it).
 4. If the power has decreased, the last perturbation moved the operating point away from
the MPP, so the direction of perturbation must be reversed (e.g., decrease the duty
cycle).

The mentor highlighted the importance of tuning the algorithm's two key parameters: the
perturbation step size and the sampling frequency. A large step size allows for faster tracking
of rapidly changing irradiance but can lead to larger oscillations around the MPP in steady-
state conditions. The team decided on an initial step size that prioritizes stability over
tracking speed, with the option to fine-tune it later.

Progress till Date:

The P&O MPPT algorithm has been successfully implemented using a MATLAB Function block
within the Simulink model. This block contains the procedural code that executes the P&O
logic. It takes the instantaneous voltage and current from the PV array model as its inputs. Its
output is the calculated optimal duty cycle, which is fed directly to the PWM generator that
controls the solar subsystem's boost converter.
The fully integrated PV+MPPT subsystem has been rigorously tested. A variable solar
irradiance profile was used as an input to simulate changing cloud cover. The simulation
results clearly show the MPPT controller in action. As the irradiance level changes, the
controller correctly perturbs the duty cycle, actively searching for and settling at the new
maximum power point. This successful test validates the "brain" of the solar subsystem and
marks a major milestone in the project.

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 8

Current Work phase of project:

Development of the Hybrid System Inverter.
Discussions Held:
The project's focus this week was on the final stage of power conversion: transforming the
stable 400V DC from the common bus into a grid-quality, 230V (line-to-line), 50Hz AC
waveform suitable for powering standard electrical loads. The team designed a three-phase
voltage source inverter (VSI) using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) as the switching
elements, chosen for their suitability in this power and frequency range.
The primary topic of discussion was the control strategy for the inverter. The team selected
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) as the control method. SPWM is an industry-
standard technique renowned for its ability to generate a high-quality sinusoidal output
voltage with low total harmonic distortion (THD).3 The implementation of SPWM involves
comparing three sinusoidal reference signals (each phase-shifted by 120 degrees) with a
single, high-frequency triangular carrier wave. The intersection points of these signals
determine the switching instants for the IGBTs in each leg of the inverter. This process
effectively embeds the desired low-frequency sinusoidal shape into the high-frequency
switched output, which can then be filtered to produce a clean AC waveform.

Progress till Date:

The three-phase SPWM inverter model is complete and has been tested in an open-loop
configuration. The model was constructed in Simulink using an array of six IGBTs with anti-
parallel diodes. The SPWM control logic was implemented using a combination of a sine wave
generator block to create the reference signals and a repeating sequence block for the
triangular carrier wave. The comparison logic generates the six distinct gate pulses required
to drive the inverter.
Initial tests were conducted by feeding a constant 400V DC source to the inverter's input.
The output voltage waveforms were observed on a Simulink scope. The results were highly
successful, showing a clean, three-phase sinusoidal voltage output at the correct frequency
of 50Hz. This validation confirms that the inverter and its control system are functioning
correctly and are ready to be connected to the rest of the hybrid system.

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 9

Current Work phase of project:

Full System Model Assembly.
Discussions Held:
This week marked the culmination of the component-level development phase, with the
discussion focused on the final integration of all previously created subsystems into a single,
cohesive model. The team mapped out the complete system architecture:
1. The Solar PV array, connected to its dedicated MPPT-controlled DC/DC boost converter.
2. The Wind Turbine and PMSG, connected to its rectifier and a second DC/DC boost
converter (currently with a fixed duty cycle).
3. The outputs of both boost converters tied together to form a common 400V DC bus,
represented by a bus capacitor.
4. The DC bus feeding the three-phase SPWM inverter.
 5. The inverter's output connected to a three-phase resistive load.

The mentor highlighted several potential challenges that often arise during the integration of
complex multi-domain systems in Simulink. These include ensuring numerical stability, which
can be affected by the interaction of fast-switching power electronics and slower mechanical
systems. The team was advised to select an appropriate solver (e.g., a stiff solver like ode23t)
and to carefully manage the sample times of different parts of the model. Another key point
was the correct management of power flow, ensuring that the control systems remain stable
as power from two different sources is injected onto the DC bus.

Progress till Date:

All individual Simulink models and subsystems have been successfully assembled into a
single, top-level system model file, named hybrid_system.slx.2 The model is now structurally
complete, with all inputs, outputs, and control signals correctly interconnected. The team has
performed initial compilation runs and short simulations to conduct preliminary debugging.
This process helped identify and resolve several minor issues, such as data type mismatches
between blocks and incorrect signal vector dimensions. After this initial debugging phase, the
integrated model now compiles without errors and is ready for the next phase of systematic,
full-scale testing and performance analysis.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 10

Current Work phase of project:

Simulation Under Ideal Conditions.
Discussions Held:
The team's discussion focused on the critical importance of establishing a performance
baseline for the newly integrated hybrid system model. Before subjecting the model to
complex, variable inputs, it is essential to verify its behavior under simple, predictable
conditions. The team decided to conduct the first full-system simulation using constant, ideal
inputs. Solar irradiance was set to its peak value of 1000 W/m2, and the wind speed was set
to the turbine's rated speed of 12 m/s.
The mentor explained that this test, while not representative of real-world environmental
conditions, serves as a crucial validation step. It allows the team to confirm that all
subsystems function correctly together under a full-load scenario and that the overall power
flow through the system is balanced as per the design specifications. This baseline test
isolates the system's fundamental behavior from the complexities of dynamic environmental
changes, making it much easier to identify any underlying issues in the model's integration or
control logic.

Progress till Date:

The baseline simulation has been successfully executed for a simulated period of several
seconds. The results were analyzed and found to be in complete alignment with theoretical
expectations, validating the model's integrity. The key observations were:
1. The PV subsystem's MPPT controller correctly identified and stabilized at the array's
maximum power point corresponding to 1000 .
2. The wind subsystem consistently produced its rated power output at the 12 m/s wind
speed.
3. The DC bus voltage was tightly regulated and stable at the target 400V, indicating that
the power being generated was successfully transferred and managed.
4. The inverter produced a clean, stable 50Hz, 230V AC output, successfully delivering the
combined power to the load.

This successful test provides a high degree of confidence in the fundamental correctness of
the integrated model and serves as a solid foundation for the more complex dynamic
simulations to follow.

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 11

Current Work phase of project:

Creating Realistic Environmental Data Profiles.
Discussions Held:
With the model's baseline performance validated, the team's next objective was to test its
dynamic response under realistic conditions. This required the creation of time-varying input
data for solar irradiance and wind speed. The team discussed two primary approaches:
sourcing historical meteorological data from a specific location or generating a synthetic
data profile that encapsulates typical daily patterns. Following a methodology similar to that
described in academic literature, where synthetic data is often used for system evaluation 1,
the team opted to create a synthetic 24-hour profile.
This approach offers more control and allows the team to deliberately include specific
scenarios to test the system's limits. The designed profile was crafted to represent a location
with complementary renewable resources, a key characteristic that makes hybrid systems
attractive. The solar irradiance profile was modeled as a smooth, bell-shaped curve, rising
from zero at sunrise, peaking at noon, and returning to zero at sunset. The wind speed profile
was designed to be more stochastic and generally anti-correlated with the solar profile,
exhibiting higher speeds during the night and lower, more variable speeds during the day.
This profile ensures that the simulation will test periods of solar dominance, wind dominance,
and transition periods where both sources contribute significantly.

Progress till Date:

A complete 24-hour input data profile has been successfully created and implemented. The
data points for solar irradiance and wind speed for every minute of the day were generated in
MATLAB and stored as a time-series object. This object can be loaded directly into the
Simulink model using a "From Workspace" block, providing a repeatable and well-defined
input scenario. The profile includes all the desired characteristics: a clear diurnal solar cycle,
a stochastic and complementary wind pattern, and smooth transitions. This realistic dataset
is now ready to be used as the primary input for the comprehensive dynamic performance
analysis of the hybrid system.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 12

Current Work phase of project:

Dynamic System Performance Testing.
Discussions Held:
The team convened to plan the execution of the main simulation run, which would utilize the
24-hour variable input profile created in the previous week. The primary focus of the
discussion was on ensuring that all critical data from the simulation would be captured for
subsequent analysis. The mentor advised a systematic approach to data logging, leveraging
Simulink's "Scope" blocks and "To Workspace" blocks.
The team identified a list of key signals to be monitored and logged throughout the 24-hour
simulation period. These included:
● Inputs: Solar irradiance and wind speed profiles.
● Subsystem Outputs: Instantaneous power generated by the PV array and the wind
turbine.
● System-Level Performance: Total combined power delivered to the DC bus, and the
stability of the DC bus voltage.
● Final Output: The final three-phase AC voltage and current waveforms delivered to the
 load.

By setting up dedicated scopes and logging variables for each of these signals, the team
ensured that a complete and detailed record of the system's dynamic behavior would be
available for a thorough performance evaluation.6

Progress till Date:

The comprehensive 24-hour dynamic simulation has been successfully executed. The
simulation ran to completion without any numerical convergence errors, which is a testament
to the stability of the integrated model and the proper selection of the Simulink solver. All the
pre-defined critical signals have been logged to the MATLAB workspace as time-series data
structures.
A preliminary review of the output data shows that the system behaved robustly and as
expected. The power contributions from the solar and wind subsystems clearly varied in
response to the fluctuating input profiles. The control systems, particularly the solar MPPT,
appeared to track the changing conditions effectively. The model has now generated the rich
dataset required for the in-depth analysis and visualization phase of the project.

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 13

Current Work phase of project:

Results Interpretation and Visualization.
Discussions Held:
The focus of this week's work was to transform the large volume of raw simulation data
generated in Week 12 into a set of clear, insightful visualizations that effectively communicate
the system's performance. The team discussed various plotting techniques to best tell the
story of the hybrid system's operation over a 24-hour period.
The most critical visualization identified was a stacked area plot. This type of graph would
show the total power delivered to the load over time, with the area under the curve color-
coded to show the individual contributions from the solar and wind subsystems. This format
provides an immediate and intuitive understanding of how the two sources complement each
other throughout the day and night. Another key plot identified was a time-series graph of
the DC bus voltage. This graph is essential for demonstrating the system's stability, as it
would show how effectively the controllers maintain the bus voltage at its nominal 400V level
despite large fluctuations in the input power from the renewable sources.
Progress till Date:
A detailed analysis of the simulation results has been completed, and a full suite of
performance plots has been generated using MATLAB's plotting functions. The key graphs
produced are:
1. Input Profiles: A plot showing the 24-hour solar irradiance and wind speed data used
for the simulation.
2. Subsystem Power Output: Separate plots showing the power generated by the PV
subsystem and the wind subsystem over time, demonstrating the effectiveness of the
MPPT and the turbine's response to wind variations.
3. Hybrid Power Contribution: The stacked area plot, as discussed, clearly illustrating the
complementary nature of the solar and wind generation. It visually confirms that the
wind system's increased output during the night compensates for the absence of solar
power.
4. DC Bus Voltage Regulation: A plot of the DC bus voltage over the 24-hour period,
which shows only minor deviations from the 400V setpoint, confirming the excellent
stability of the system.

These visualizations provide compelling evidence of the hybrid system's operational

effectiveness and dynamic performance.

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 14

Current Work phase of project:

Quantifying the Benefit of Hybridization.
Discussions Held:
This week's objective was to move beyond simply demonstrating that the hybrid system
works and to definitively prove the project's core hypothesis: that the hybrid configuration is
superior to standalone systems in terms of reliability and power availability. The mentor
guided the team in designing a controlled comparative analysis. To achieve this, the team
planned to perform two additional 24-hour simulations:
1. A simulation of a solar-only system, using the exact same PV array model, load, and 24-
hour solar irradiance profile.
2. A simulation of a wind-only system, using the exact same wind turbine model, load, and
24-hour wind speed profile.
By using the identical input profiles and load demand for all three simulations (hybrid, solar-
only, and wind-only), the team could isolate the variable of interest—the system configuration
—and conduct a scientifically valid comparison. The key performance metrics to be
compared were identified as total energy generated, energy shortfall against the load
demand, and overall energy availability (defined as the percentage of the load demand that
was met).

Progress till Date:

The standalone solar and wind system simulations are complete. The output data from these
runs, along with the data from the original hybrid system simulation, has been compiled and
analyzed. The results have been summarized in Table 2, which provides a direct, quantitative
comparison of the three system configurations.
The data presented in the table offers unequivocal evidence supporting the project's
premise. The hybrid system demonstrates a dramatically higher energy availability (92.7%)
compared to the standalone solar (34.2%) and wind (58.5%) systems. It also shows a
significant reduction in energy shortfall and power fluctuation. This successful comparative
analysis provides the conclusive validation for the project's core objective, quantitatively
proving the benefits of hybridization in mitigating the intermittency of individual renewable
sources.

Performance Standalone Solar Standalone Wind Hybrid System

Metric System System

Total Energy 20.5 kWh 35.1 kWh 55.6 kWh

Generated

Load Demand 60 kWh 60 kWh 60 kWh

Energy Shortfall 39.5 kWh 24.9 kWh 4.4 kWh

Energy 34.2% 58.5% 92.7%

Availability

Max Power 4.5 kW/hr 3.2 kW/hr 1.8 kW/hr

Fluctuation (kW/hr)

DC Bus Voltage ± 8.5% ± 6.2% ± 2.1%

 Stability (%
Deviation)

Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 15

Current Work phase of project:

Final Report Drafting and Results Compilation.
Discussions Held:
With the simulation and analysis phases complete, the team's entire focus shifted to the
creation of the final project report. The team held a planning session to structure the report
and assign writing tasks for each section. The agreed-upon structure follows a standard
technical paper format: Introduction, Literature Review, System Modeling, Simulation Setup,
Results and Discussion, and Conclusion.
During a review of the initial draft, the mentor emphasized the importance of creating a
strong narrative thread throughout the report. Specifically, the "Results and Discussion"
section must not only present the graphs and tables but also interpret them in the context of
the project's original objectives. Each result presented should be explicitly linked back to the
problem statement, explaining how it contributes to solving the challenge of renewable
energy intermittency. This ensures that the report is not just a collection of data but a
cohesive argument that demonstrates the project's success.

Progress till Date:

The first complete draft of the final project report has been written. All team members have
completed their assigned sections, and the document has been compiled into a single file. All
the key visualizations (plots of power contribution, DC bus stability, etc.) and tables
(component parameters, comparative analysis) generated during the analysis phase have
been embedded into the report. Each figure and table is accompanied by a detailed caption
and a corresponding paragraph in the text that explains its significance. The report now
comprehensively documents the project's entire lifecycle, from initial concept to final
validation.
Remark

Sign of Mentor
Week 16

Current Work phase of project:

Finalizing Conclusions and Proposing Next Steps.
Discussions Held:
The team met to synthesize all the project's findings into a concise and impactful conclusion
for the final report. The discussion confirmed that the project had successfully met all its
initial objectives. The simulation results conclusively demonstrated the viability of the
proposed wind-solar hybrid system and quantitatively validated its superior performance in
terms of energy availability and power stability when compared to standalone renewable
systems.
The conversation then transitioned to formulating the "Future Scope" section. The mentor
guided the team to identify the most logical and impactful next step for improving the system.
Based on the 24-hour simulation results, which showed a small but non-zero energy shortfall
(4.4 kWh), the clear next step is the integration of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS).
The team outlined a plan for this future work, which would involve modeling a battery pack, a
bidirectional DC/DC converter to manage charging and discharging, and a supervisory charge
control logic. This controller would store excess energy when generation exceeds demand
and release it to cover shortfalls, aiming to achieve 100% energy availability.2

Progress till Date:

The "Conclusion" and "Future Scope" sections of the final report are now complete. The
conclusion section effectively summarizes the project's achievements and reiterates the key
findings from the comparative analysis. The future scope section provides a clear and
detailed roadmap for the next phase of research. It specifies the key components (BESS,
bidirectional converter) and control strategies that would be required to enhance the
system's autonomy and reliability, transforming it into a fully self-sufficient off-grid power
solution.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Week 17

Current Work phase of project:

Final Project Review and Presentation Preparation.
Discussions Held:
In the final week, the team's activities were centered on polishing all project deliverables and
preparing for the final evaluation. A thorough, final review of the entire project logbook and
the technical report was conducted. Each team member proofread the documents to check
for consistency in terminology, clarity of explanations, and overall technical accuracy.
To prepare for the final presentation, the team held a full dress rehearsal for the project
mentor. The demonstration of the Simulink model and the presentation of the key results
were practiced to ensure a smooth and professional delivery. Prof. Shingne provided valuable
feedback on the presentation slides, suggesting ways to improve the clarity of the graphs
and to better emphasize the project's most significant conclusions within the allotted time.
The mentor also reviewed the completed logbook, verifying that all weekly entries were
present, correctly documented, and aligned with the project's timeline and achievements.

Progress till Date:

All project documentation is now finalized, compiled, and ready for submission. This includes
this completed 17-week logbook and the comprehensive final technical report. The slide deck
for the final presentation has been polished based on the mentor's feedback. The
hybrid_system.slx Simulink model is fully operational and prepared for the live demonstration.
The team is confident and well-prepared for the final project evaluation. The project has
successfully met all the objectives outlined in Week 1, culminating in a validated simulation
model that effectively demonstrates the potential of wind-solar hybrid systems for off-grid
applications.
Remark

Sign of Mentor

Works cited

1. (PDF) Design and Simulation of a Hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic System for Energy

Supply, accessed October 13, 2025,
[Link]
_a_Hybrid_Wind-Photovoltaic_System_for_Energy_Supply
2. Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Solar-Wind Energy System Using MPPT
Algorithm Mugarura, Ambrose and Guntredi, Venkataramana - IDOSR
JOURNALS, accessed October 13, 2025,
[Link]
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[Link]
3. DESIGN & SIMULATION OF A SOLAR WIND HYBRID POWERSYSTEM USING
MATLAB/SIMULINK - [Link], accessed October 13, 2025,
[Link]
 _HYBRID_POWERSYSTEM_USING__MATLAB_SIMULINK_ijariie26163.pdf
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Simulink Environment - ResearchGate, accessed October 13, 2025,
[Link]
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2025, [Link]
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UNL Digital Commons, accessed October 13, 2025,
[Link]
article=1147&context=elecengtheses
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[Link]
%20Development%[Link]
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