2 2 5
Electrical and electronic
experiment
Yun Zhang Date：2025.10
Content and Requirements
Lesson 4
Instrument Introduction
Experimental principle
AC signal measurement
Experimental content
Acceptance requirements
2
Content and Requirements
3
PART 01 Content and Requirements
(1) Through the experiment, students master the usage of digital
signal generators and digital oscilloscopes;
(2) Master the measurement of various parameters of AC signals
and the requirements for drawing waveform diagrams
4
Experimental principle
5
PART 02 Experimental principle
Parameters of periodic signals
τ
Time parameter
Cycle T
Frequency f =1/ T
t
Duty cycle T- τ
θ= τ/T ×100%
T
A rectangular wave with a duty cycle of 50% is usually referred to as a
square wave.
A rectangular wave with a duty cycle less than 50% is called a pulse
6
wave.
PART 02 Experimental principle
Parameters of periodic signals
Voltage parameters V
High level/positive peak UP
Maximum instantaneous value UP
UPP
Low level/negative peak U-P t
U-P
Minimum instantaneous value
Amplitude/Peak to Peak UPP = T
UP-U-P
Note: The peak and negative peaks of a periodic signal may all be
positive or negative 7
PART 02 Experimental principle
Parameters of periodic signals
Sine wave symmetrical to
the horizontal axis U
Maximum valueUm=UP
Instantaneous value u(t) Um=UP
𝑢 𝑡 = 𝑈𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑 t
Effective value U
𝑈𝑚 𝑈𝑃 𝑈𝑃𝑃
𝑈= = =
2 2 2 2
8
PART 02 Experimental principle
Parameters of periodic signals
DC offset U
1V
The process of superimposing
a periodic signal with a DC t
voltage is called DC bias.
-1V
U +
The result of DC bias is to
0.8V
move the periodic signal up or
down in the coordinate system. t
U
1.8V
The result of DC bias changes
the average value of the
periodic signal t
-0.2V 9
PART 02 Experimental principle
Parameters of periodic signals
Pulse signal rise time：
Refers to the time it takes for the
pulse amplitude to rise from
10% to 90%
Pulse signal descent time:
Refers to the time it takes for the
pulse amplitude to decrease from
90% to 10%
Diagram of rising edge of pulse wave
10
Instrument Introduction
11
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
DH1718E-4 Power supply
Constant current
status indicator
Digital display window
Output
voltage
indicator
Output voltage
adjustment
Output knob
Current Output
limiting
adjustme
nt knob
Power
Negative
Positive
terminal
terminal channel 1 channel 2 12
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
DF1723005TC Power supply
Constant current
status indicator Output
voltage
Digital display window
indicator Power
indepe Output
ndent/s
eries/p Current
arallel limiting
control adjustme Output voltage
nt knob adjustment
knob
Power channel 2 channel 1
Positive
Negative terminal
terminal 13
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
SDM3055 5½ Multimeter
DCV DCI
𝑽𝛀
Ground
14
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
1. Measure the continuity Measure the continuity
of the circuit
Insert the black probe into
the COM port and the red
probe into the VΩ port. Turn
the function rotary switch to
the buzzer position and
connect the probe to both
ends of the circuit to be
checked. If the resistance
value between the two points
being checked is less than
about 50 Ω, the buzzer will
sound.
15
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
2. Measure resistance Measure resistance
The red and black probes
are connected to the two
pins of the measured
resistor, and the resistance
value can be directly read
on the display screen.
16
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
3. Measuring diodes Measuring diodes
Set the switch to the diode
measurement mode, connect
the red and black probes to
the two pins of the diode
respectively, observe the
value on the display screen,
then swap the two probes and
observe the value on the
display screen again.
17
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
4. Measuring DC current Measuring DC current
Set the switch to the DCI
(Shift+DCV) measurement
mode, insert the black probe
into the COM port and the
red probe into the 10A port.
connect the red and black
probes to the circuit, observe
the value on the display
screen.
18
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Oscilloscope
19
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Oscilloscope
The function of an oscilloscope is to display invisible electrical signals
in graphical form and measure and read relevant voltage and time
parameters.
There are two types of commonly used oscilloscopes:
Analog (cathode ray tube) oscilloscope: Real time tracking of changes
in the measured signal, with the electron beam moving on the
fluorescent screen to depict the waveform of the measured signal.
Digital storage oscilloscope: Sample the measured signal, convert it
into a digital signal, and depict the waveform of the measured signal
on the LCD screen in the form of dots (discrete sampling points) or
vectors (connected lines between sampling points).
20
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Oscilloscope
Press the MEASURE automatic measurement function key, and the
system will display the automatic measurement operation menu.
This oscilloscope has 20 automatic measurement functions:
10 voltage measurements including peak to peak value, maximum
value, minimum value, top value, bottom value, amplitude, average
value, root mean square value, overshoot, and overshoot
Frequency, cycle, rise time, fall time, positive duty cycle, negative
duty cycle, delay 1 → 2 (rising edge), delay 1 → 2 (falling edge),
positive pulse width, negative pulse width measurement, a total of 10
time measurements.
21
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Signal Generator
Screen
menu Waveform Keypad
knob
功能区
Counter
Power output connector output 22
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Signal Generator
Example 1: Sine wave
• A sine waveform with a frequency of 20kHz, an amplitude of
2.5VPP, an offset of 500mVDC, and an initial phase of 10 °.
Operation:
1. Select output channel
Select CH1 or CH2 as the output channel and press to enter the
corresponding channel settings.
2. Select the waveform and set the frequency value
Press Sine to set the waveform to a sine wave
Press the frequency/cycle menu switch key to select the frequency;
(3) Use the keypad to enter "20", select the unit "kHz", and set the
frequency to 20kHz. 23
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Signal Generator
3. Set amplitude value/offset
(1) Press the amplitude/high key to switch and select the amplitude.
(2) Enter "2.5" using the numeric keypad, select "VPP", and set the amplitude to 2.5 VPP.
(3) Press the offset/low-level key to select offset.
(4) Enter "500" using the numeric keypad, select "mVDC", and set the offset to 500mVDC.
4. Set phase
(1) Press the phase key.
(2) Enter "10" using the numeric keypad, select the unit "°", and set the initial phase to
10 °.
5. Enable output
Press the corresponding output button, and the corresponding connector will output the
corresponding signal
24
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Signal Generator
Example 1: Sine wave
• A sine waveform with a frequency of 20kHz, an amplitude of
2.5VPP, an offset of 500mVDC, and an initial phase of 10 °.
① Measure the maximum value and minimum value on the
oscilloscope.
② Measure the frequency on the oscilloscope.
25
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Signal Generator
Example 2: Square wave
• A square waveform with a frequency of 1MHz, a high level of 3V,
a low level of -1V, and an initial phase of 45 °.
① Measure the maximum value and top value on the oscilloscope,
paying attention to the difference.
② Measure the minimum value on the oscilloscope.
③ Measure the frequency on the oscilloscope.
26
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
Signal Generator
Example 3: Pulse wave
• Pulse waveform with a frequency of 5kHz, amplitude of 50mVPP,
offset of 5mVDC, and pulse width of 20 μ s (duty cycle of 10%)
① Measure the maximum value and minimum value on the
oscilloscope.
② Measure the frequency on the oscilloscope.
③ Measure the duty cycle +duty on the oscilloscope.
27
PART 03 Instrument Introduction
DGDZ-5 Experimental Box
12V
9V
5V
𝟏𝒌𝛀
28
Experimental content
29
PART 04 Experimental content
Parameters of periodic signals
• 1. The power supply outputs a 5V
voltage and observes the DC signal with
an oscilloscope. The measurement circuit
is shown in Figure 1. Measure the
amplitude of the DC signal using
automatic measurement methods. Draw
the waveform of the signal in Figure 2.
Figure 2
30
Figure 1
PART 04 Experimental content
Parameters of periodic signals
• 2. The function signal generator outputs
a square wave with a frequency of
1000Hz and peak to peak value of 0.5V.
Observe the signal with an oscilloscope,
adjust the Volts/Div knob to make the
waveform height greater than 3 grids,
adjust the Sec/Div knob to make the
oscilloscope screen display only 1-2
signal cycles, and record the values of
Volts/Div and Sec/Div at this time.
Manually measure the period T=____ ms
and pulse width τ=____ ms of the signal
using the cursor. Peak to peak
value=_____ V, duty cycle=_____, draw
the waveform of the signal in Figure 3. Figure 3
31
PART 04 Experimental content
Parameters of periodic signals
• 3. The signal generator outputs a triangular
wave with a frequency of 10 KHz and peak to
peak value of 1V. The signal is observed using
an oscilloscope. Adjust the Volts/Div knob of
the oscilloscope to make the waveform height
greater than 3 grids, and adjust the Sec/Div
knob of the oscilloscope to display only 1-2
signal cycles on the oscilloscope screen.
Record the values of Volts/Div and Sec/Div at
this time. Measure the frequency f=_______
Hz, period T=_____ ms, and Peak to peak
value=_____ V of the signal using an
automatic measurement method. Draw the
waveform of the signal in Figure 4.
Figure 4
32
PART 04 Experimental content
Parameters of periodic signals
• 4. The function signal generator outputs a pulse
wave with a frequency of 1MHz and high level =
5V, low level =0V, and a duty cycle= 50%. . The
signal is observed using an oscilloscope. Adjust the
Volts/Div knob of the oscilloscope to make the
waveform height greater than 3 grids, and adjust
the Sec/Div knob of the oscilloscope to display only
0.5 signal cycles on the oscilloscope screen as
shown in Figure 5. According to the definition of
pulse waveform rise time, measure A=_____V and
B =_____V, calculate A+(B-A)×0.9 =_____V ,
A+(B-A)×0.1 =_____V
• Use cursor tracking to measure the rise time of the
pulse signal record the position data of cursor
τ1=_____ ms and compare it with the rise time
measured by automatic measurement τ2=_____
ms . Figure 5 33
PART 04 Experimental content
Parameters of periodic signals
• 5 . Function signal generator output a
rectangular pulse signal with a maximum
voltage = 2V, minimum voltage = 0V,
frequency =10kHz, and a duty cycle of
τ/Τ=20%. Display the signal on an
oscilloscope. Write down the debugging steps
for each instrument, draw a waveform
diagram, and mark the amplitude, period,
and duty cycle on the diagram. Draw the
waveform of the signal in Figure 6.
Figure 6
34
PART 02 Circuit Editing
DGDZ-5 Experimental Box
12V
9V
5V
𝟏𝒌𝛀
𝟏𝒌𝛀
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝛀
35
Acceptance requirements
36
PART 05 Acceptance requirements
Parameters of periodic signals acceptance requirements:
1. Complete experimental content 1、2、3、4、5，take photos of
oscilloscope.
2. Fill in all the blanks, and draw the waveform of the signal in Figure 2、3、
4 、6.
37
2 2 5
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汇报人：XXX 日期：20XX
