VILE PARLE MAHILA SANGH’S

ORION SCHOOL [CISCE]

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

FOOTBALL NOTES

KNOWLEDGE OF THE GAME

● FIFA was formed on 21 May 1904.
● FIFA:- The Federation Internationale de Football Association
● FIFA controls the rules of the game, it is responsible for both the organisation of a
number of tournaments and their promotion.
● FIFA organised the World Football Championship for the first time in 1930
● Football was introduced by the British in India
● India took part in the Olympics Games held in 1948 in England
● India also played in the semi final in 1956 Olympics

LAWS OF THE GAME

1. THE FIELD OF PLAY:

Football Field: Matches may be played on natural or artificial surfaces, according to the
rules of the competition. The colour of artificial surfaces must be green.
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Field markings: The field of play must be rectangular and marked with lines. These lines
belong to the areas of which they are boundaries.

Touch lines: The two longer boundary lines are called touch lines. These are 90m to
120m in length.

Goal lines: The two shorter lines are called goal lines. These are 45m to 90m in length.

Halfway line: The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line, which joins the
midpoints of the two touch lines.

Centre mark: The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. The
game starts with kick-off from the centre mark.

Centre circle: It is a circle of 9.15 m (10 yds) radios drawn from the centre mark of the
football field. The game starts from the centre circle by kicking or passing the ball.
The game restarted from the centre circle after a goal was scored.

Goal area: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 m (6 yds) from the
inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 5.5 m (6
yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line(18.32m). The area bounded
by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.

The penalty area: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 16.5 m (18 yds)
from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of
16.5 m (18 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line (40.32m). The
area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the penalty area.

Penalty mark: Within each penalty area, a penalty mark is made 11 m (12 yds) from
the midpoint between the goalposts and equidistant to them. The penalty kick is taken
from this mark.

Penalty arc: An arc of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) from the center of
each penalty mark is drawn outside the penalty area.

Flag posts:
● A flag post, not less than 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with a non-pointed top and a flag must
be placed at each corner.
● Flag posts may also be placed at each end of the halfway line, not less than 1 m (1
yd) outside the touch line.

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Corner arc: A quarter circle with a radius of 91cm (1 yd) from each corner flag post is
drawn inside the field of play. The ball is kept in a corner arc, while taking a corner
kick.

The Goal:
● A goal must be placed on the centre of each goal line.
● A goal consists of two upright posts equidistant from the corner flag posts and
joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar.
● The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other
approved material.
● Goalpost Dimension: 7.32 m x 2.44 m or (8 yds x 8 feet)

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Tips to Remember:-
1. Length and width of the Football field: Maximum- 120 m x 90 m or (130 yds x 100yds)
Minimum- 90 m x 45 m or (100 yds x 50 yds)

2. All lines drawn on a Field: not more than 12 cm wide

3. Radius of Centre Circle : 9.15 m or (10 yds)

4. Goalpost Dimension : 7.32 m x 2.44 m or (8 yds x 8 feet)

5. Length of the Goal Area : 18.32 m or (20 yds)

6. Width of the Goal Area : 5.5 m or (6 yds)

7. Corner arc/ Quarter Circle: 91 cm or (1 yds ) at corners

8. Height of Flags : 1.5 m or (5 feet ) at corners

9. Penalty Point : 11 m or ( 12 yds ) from goal line

10. Penalty arc / Outer Circle: 9.15 m or (10 yds ) from the Penalty Mark

11. Length of penalty area : 40.32 m or (44 yds)

12. Width of penalty area : 16.5 m or (18 yds)

13. No. of Players in Team : 16 ( 11 playing and 5 substitutes)

14. Minimum no. of Players: 7 ( in case of expelled players)

15. Substitution Allowed : 3 in a match

16. Duration of Match : 2 halves of 45 min.( M)

2 halves of 40 min. (w)

17. Half-time Interval: Players are entitled to an interval at half-time, not exceeding
15 minutes.
18. Extra Time : 2 halves of 15 min. Each with an interval of 5 min.

2. THE BALL:
1. Weight of the Ball : 410g to 450g
2. Circumference of the Ball : 68 cm to 71.12 cm
3. Shape of the Ball : Spherical in shape
4. Material of the Ball : Outer casting shall be of leather/other
approved material

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3. THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS: 16 (11 playing and 5 Substitute)
A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven players, one of
whom is the goalkeeper. A match may not start if either team consists of fewer than seven
players.

4. SUBSTITUTION: The number of substitutes, up to a maximum of five, which may be

used in any match played in an official competition will be determined by FIFA, the
confederation or the national football association. In May, FIFA decided to allow five
substitutes, up from the regular three, when play resumed due to the congested
schedules for teams.

Substitution Procedure During a Match:

To replace a player with a substitute, the following must be observed:
1. The referee is informed before any substitution is made.
2. A substitute only enters the field of play after the player being replaced has left
and after receiving the signal from the referee.
3. A substitute only enters the field of play at the halfway line and during a stoppage
in a match. The substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play.

Changing the goalkeeper:

Any of the other players may change places with the goalkeeper, provided that:
● The referee is informed before the change is made.
● The change is made during a stoppage in the match.

4. THE PLAYERS EQUIPMENT

A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another
player (including any kind of jewellery).

Players:
1. Jersey 4. Shin guard
2. Shorts 5. Footwear (Studs)
3. Stockings

Goalkeeper:
1. Jersey to distinguish colour from other players, Referees, and the Asst. Referee.
2. Shorts
3. Stockings
4. Shin guard
5. Footwear and Gloves

5. THE OFFICIALS
1. Referee -1 3) Fourth Official - 1
2. Assistants Referee - 2 4) Match Commissioner -1

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Equipments of Referee:
1. A current book of Rules 4) Two pencils
2. A loud distinctive whistle 5) A card to record the time, goal etc.
3. A stopwatch 6) Yellow and red cards

Referee:
Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce the Laws of the
Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed.

Duties of the Referees before the match:

1. The referee conducts the toss.
2. He checks the ground condition.
3. He checks the goalpost and the nets are properly pitched.
4. He checks the team jerseys, numbers.
5. He checks the safety equipment (studs, shin guard).
6. He checks the pressure of the ball, weight and size of the ball.

Duties of the Referees during the match:

1. Enforces the Laws of the Game.
2. He acts as a timekeeper and keeps a record of the match.
3. He stops, suspends or terminates the match because of outside interference of
any kind.
4. He allows play to continue until the ball is out of play.
5. He acts on the advice of the assistant referees regarding incidents which he has
not seen.
6. He controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees and,
where applicable, with the fourth and other officials.
7. He ensures that no unauthorised persons enter the field of play.
8. He provides the appropriate authorities with a match report.

The Assistant Referees (Linesman):-

Two assistant referees are appointed on the playing field. They assist the referee to
control the match in accordance with the laws of the game.

Duties of the Assistant Referees (Linesman):

Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties, subject to the decision of the referee,
are to indicate;
1. When the whole of the ball has passed out of the field of play.
2. Which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in.
3. When a player may be penalised for being in an offside position.
4. When a substitution is requested.
5. When misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the view of the referee.
6. When offences have been committed whenever the assistants are closer to the
action than the referee, for example offences committed in the penalty area.

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 7. Whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper has moved forward before the ball
has been kicked and if the ball has crossed the line.

Fourth official:-
The fourth official may be appointed under the competition rules and officiated if any of
the three match officials is unable to continue, unless a reserve assistant referee is
appointed.

Duties of Fourth official:

1. He is responsible for assisting with substitution procedures during the
match.
2. Supervising the acceptability of replacement balls.
3. Checking a substitute player’s equipment before they enter the field
of play.
4. He must indicate to the referee when the wrong player is
cautioned because of mistaken identity or when a player is not
sent off having been seen to be given a second caution.
5. After the match, the fourth official must submit a report to the
appropriate authorities on any misconduct or other incident that
occurred out of the view of the referee and the assistant referees.
He must advise the referee and his assistants of any report being
made.
6. Informing the referee of irresponsible behaviour by any technical area occupant.

Additional Assistant Referees:-

The additional assistant referees are usually two officials who assist the referee behind
each goal line by observing any incident that may occur near the penalty area.

Duties of the Additional Assistant Referees:

The additional assistant referees may indicate:
1. Inspecting the field, the ball used and the player's equipment.
2. Determining if problems with equipment or bleeding have been resolved.
3. Maintain back-up records of time, goals and misconduct.
4. Whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before the ball
is kicked and if the ball crosses the line.

THE DURATION OF THE MATCH

1. The duration of the game is two halves of 45 minutes each with an interval of 15
min.
2. The total time of 90 minutes is called full time.
3. Half-time Interval : Players are entitled to an interval at half-time, not exceeding
15 minutes.
4. In case of tie: 2 halves of 15 min. each with an interval of 5 min.

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Procedure for Tiebreaker in the game of football:
If scores are level after regular time duration of the match then the tie breaker is applied.
1) EXTRA TIME:- First extra time (two equal periods not exceeding 15 minutes
each) is given, in case the tie remains unbroken, the match goes to a penalty
shootout.
2) PENALTY SHOOT-OUTS:-If scores are level after regular time and extra-time
(if used), five penalty kicks are given to each team. If, after five pairs of kicks, the
tie remains unbroken the penalty shootout proceeds to sudden death.
3) SUDDEN DEATH:- When scores are equal or no goal is scored after
penalty shootout, alternate penalty kicks are given to each team till the tie is
broken.

The time lost during the game or Allowance for time lost:
Allowance is made in either period for all time lost through:
1. substitutions
2. assessment of injury to players
3. removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment
4. wasting time
5. any other cause

The allowance for time lost is at the discretion of the referee.

Penalty kick:- If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the duration of either half
is extended until the penalty kick is completed.

Abandoned match: An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules

provide otherwise. A match can be "abandoned" or "cancelled" if weather or other
conditions prevent any play from occurring at all.

1. Kick-Off: A kick-off is a way of starting or restarting play.

The kick-off is applied in the following condition:

1. At the start of the match
2. After a goal has been scored
3. At the start of the second half of the match
4. At the start of each period of extra time, where applicable.

Procedure of the kick-off:

1. All players must be in their own half of the field of play.
2. The opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from
the ball until it is in play.
3. The ball must be stationary on the centre mark.
4. The referee gives a signal.
5. Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward.
6. The kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.
7. After a team scores a goal, the kick-off is taken by the other team.

2. Dropped Ball: A dropped ball is a method of restarting the match after a

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temporary stoppage that becomes necessary, while the ball is in play.

Procedure of Dropped ball:

1. The referee drops the ball at the place where it was located when play was stopped,
unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the
ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the
ball was located when play was stopped.
2. Play restarts when the ball touches the ground.
3. The ball is dropped again if it is touched by a player before it makes contact
with the ground.

3. Free Kick:- A kick awarded to an opposition player when a player has committed a
foul, to be taken from the offence occurred. The ball must be stationary for both types of
kicks.

There are two types of free kicks.

1) Direct free kicks
2) Indirect free kicks

1) Direct Free Kick: A direct free kick can be shot directly into the opponent’s goal
without touching another player. A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a
player commits any of the following offences in a manner considered by the referee to be
careless, reckless or using excessive force:
1. Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
2. Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
3. Jumps at an opponent
4. Charges an opponent
5. Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
6. Pushes an opponent
7. Tackles an opponent
8. Holds an opponent
9. Spits at an opponent
[Link] the ball deliberately(except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
11.A direct free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.

Procedure of direct free kick:

1. A direct free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.
2. The ball must be stationary prior to being kicked.
3. Opponents must remain 9.15m from the ball until the ball is in play.
4. The ball becomes in play as soon as it is kicked and moves.
5. A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick, but only against the
opposing side.

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 2) Indirect Free Kick: An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a
goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area, commits any of the following four
offences:
1. Handles the ball after releasing it into play.
2. Handles the ball after it has been deliberately kicked by a teammate.
3. Handles the ball directly from a throw-in by a teammate.
4. Takes more than six seconds before releasing the ball into play.

Procedure of Indirect free kick:

1. An Indirect free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.
2. The ball must be stationary prior to being kicked.
3. Opponents must remain 9.15m from the ball until the ball is in play.
4. The ball becomes in play as soon as it is kicked and moves.
5. A goal may not be scored directly from an indirect free kick. The player taking
the kick cannot touch the ball again until it has touched another player.

4. Penalty Kick:- A penalty kick is awarded against a team that commits one of the ten
offences for which a direct free kick is awarded, inside its own penalty area or commits
a handball in his/her team’s penalty area while the ball is in play.

If any of these fouls are committed by a player in their team’s penalty area, the
opposing team is awarded a penalty kick.
1. Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
2. Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
3. Jumps at an opponent
4. Charges an opponent
5. Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
6. Pushes an opponent
7. Tackles an opponent
8. Holds an opponent
9. Spits at an opponent
10. Handles the ball deliberately

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Position of the ball and the players during penalty kick:
1. The ball: must be placed on the penalty mark
2. The player taking the penalty kick: must be properly identified
3. The defending goalkeeper: must remain on his goal line, facing the kicker,
between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked
4. The players other than the kicker must be located:
• Inside the field of play
• Outside the penalty area
• Behind the penalty mark
• At least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the penalty mark

Procedure of Penalty kick:

1. After the players have taken positions in accordance with this law. The
referee signals for the penalty kick to be taken.
2. The player taking the penalty kicks must kick the ball forward.
3. The ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves.
4. The kicker must not play the ball again until it has touched another player.
5. The penalty kick is completed when the ball stops moving, goes out of play or
the referee stops play for any offence.
6. A goal may be scored directly from a penalty kick.

Additional time is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken at the end of each half or at the
end of periods of extra time.

5. Throw-In:- A throw-in is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the
ball when the whole of the ball crosses the touch line, either on the ground or in the air.
A throw-in is a method of restarting play. A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-
in.

Procedure of Throw-in:
At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower:
1. Faces the field of play
2. Has part of each foot either on the touch line or on the ground outside the
touch line
3. Holds the ball with both hands
4. Delivers the ball from behind and over his head
5. Delivers the ball from the point where it left the field of play
6. All opponents must stand no less than 2 m (2 yds) from the point at which
the throw-in is taken.
7. The ball is in play when it enters the field of play.
8. After delivering the ball, the thrower must not touch the ball again until it
has touched another player.

Foul Throw:- In the following stances a throw will be given foul throw:
1. The player throws the ball with one hand.
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 2. His part of one or both feet is inside the field of play.
3. He bangs the ball close to him or just drops the ball in front of him.
4. He throws the ball, far away from the point where the ball crossed the
touch line.
5. The player lifts his one leg or both the legs (jump) while throwing.

6. Goal Kick: When the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, either on the ground
or in the air, having last touched a player of the attacking team, and a goal is not scored,
the defence team is awarded a goal kick. A goal kick is a method of restarting play.

Procedure of Goal kick:

1. The ball is kicked from any point within the goal area by a player of
the defending team.
2. Opponents remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play.
3. The kicker must not play the ball again until it has touched another player.
4. The ball is in play when it is kicked directly out of the penalty area.

7. Corner Kick:
1. A corner kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,
either on the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the defending
team, and a goal is not scored according to the rule.
2. It is taken from the corner arc at the nearest corner flag post.A corner kick is
a method of restarting play.
3. A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the opposing
team.

Procedure of Corner Kick:

1. The ball must be placed inside the corner arc nearest to the point where the
ball crossed the goal line.
2. The corner flag post must not be moved.
3. Opponents must remain at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc until
the ball is in play.
4. The ball must be kicked by a player of the attacking team.
5. The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.
6. The kicker must not play the ball again until it has touched another player.

THE BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY

Ball Out of Play:
The ball is out of play when:
1. It has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground
or in the air
2. Play has been stopped by the referee

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Ball In Play:
The ball is in play at all other times, including when:
1. It rebounds from a goalpost, crossbar or corner flag post and remains
in the field of play.
2. It rebounds from either the referee or an assistant referee when they
are on the field of play.

THE METHOD OF SCORING: DETERMINING THE OUTCOME OF A MATCH

1) Goal scored: A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal
line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar of the goal post.
2) Winning team: The team scoring the greater number of goals during a match is
the winner. If both teams score an equal number of goals, or if no goals are scored,
the match is drawn.

Goal-line technology (GLT): GLT systems may be used for the purpose of verifying
whether a goal has been scored to support the referee’s decision. The use of GLT must
be stipulated in the respective competition rules.
8. OFF-SIDE
A player is off-side when he is closer to the opposing goal line than both the ball and
the second last opponent.
A Player is not in an offside position if:
1. He is in his own half of the field of play.
2. He is level with the second last opponent.
3. He is level with his last two opponents.

No offence in the following condition:

A player is not considered off-side when he receives a ball that:
1. Comes at him directly from a goal kick.
2. Comes at him directly from a throw in.
3. Comes at him directly from a corner kick.

Offside offence:
A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is touched or played by a teammate
is only penalised for committing an offside offence if, in the opinion of the referee, they
become involved in active play by:
● Interfering with play
● Interfering with an opponent
● Gaining an advantage by being in that position.

Technical Area:
1. The technical area is 1m on either side of the designated seated area and
extends forward up to a distance of 1m from the touch line.
2. Substitutes, coaches and other officials (physiotherapist or doctor) sit on benches.

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 3. Only one person at a time is authorised to convey tactical instructions and he must
return to his position after giving these instructions.
4. The coach and other officials must remain within its confines except in special
circumstances, for example, a physiotherapist or doctor entering the field of
play, with the referee’s permission, to assess an injured player.
5. The coach and other occupants of the technical area must behave in a
responsible manner.

FOULS AND MISCONDUCT

1. Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent

2. Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
3. Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent

DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS
The referee has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play
for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including
kicks from the penalty mark).

Two types of warning cards are used by umpires.

1) Yellow card (Cautioned offence)
2) Red card (Sending-off offence)

Only a player, substitute or substituted player may be shown the red or yellow card.
1) Yellow card: The yellow card is used to communicate that a player, substitute or
substituted player has been cautioned. The player receives a caution if he regularly
breaks the rules and does not respect the referee’s decision.

Yellow cards are awarded as a caution or warning to a player and can be issued for
the following offences:
1. Unsporting behaviour
2. Dissent by word or action
3. Persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game
4. Delaying the restart of play
5. Failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick,
free kick, or throw-in
6. Entering or reentering the field of play without the referee’s permission
7. Deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission

A substitute or substituted player is cautioned if he commits any of the following three

offences:
1. Unsporting behaviour
2. Dissent by word or action
3. Delaying the restart of play

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 2.) Red card (An Expulsion): The red card is used to communicate that a player,
substitute or substituted player has been sent off. A player who has been sent off is
required to leave the field of play immediately, must take no further part in the game and
cannot be replaced by a substitute, forcing their team to play with one player fewer

A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off if he commits any of the following seven
offences:
1. Serious foul play
2. Violent conduct
3. Spitting at an opponent or any other person
4. Denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal scoring opportunity by
deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his
own penalty area)
5. Denying an obvious goal scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the
player’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick
6. Using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures
7. Receiving a second caution in the same match

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FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES OF FOOTBALL

The basic skills of football player are:

1. Passing
2. Kicking
3. Tackling
4. Dribbling
5. Goal Keeping
6. Receiving
7. Heading
8. Trapping
9. Shooting

1. PASSING: - When a player kicks the ball to his teammate is called passing. It is used
to move the ball closer to the opposing goal, to keep the ball away from the opponent
or give the ball to a player who is in a better position to score. Pass may be done by
head or feet, over short or long distance, on the ground or in the air.
While passing some points to be kept in mind are:
1) Do not pass the ball to a receiver who is covered but pass it to an open area.
2) He must know the direction and the short passes must be low on the ground.
3) The pass must be adjusted to the speed, distance and the direction of the moving
receiver.

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Types of passes

1) Short pass: - Passing quickly gets the ball up field and reduces the risk of
giving away possession. The aim of a short pass is generally to keep the ball
low, thus making it easier for a teammate to control.
2) Long pass: - The long pass is used to clear the ball to the opposite side of the field to
a teammate who is open and has no defender around him. This changes the area of
play and gives your team the opportunity to begin a counter attack. Executing a
long pass involves the ball with accuracy and power.

2. KICKING: - A kick is a skill in association football in which a player strikes the ball
with his or her foot. Kicking is one of the most difficult skills to acquire in football. This
skill is also vitally important, as kicking is the way in which passes are made and the
primary means by which goals are scored.

Kicking is an art to control the speed, direction and distance in the game, from different
angles and with different types of kicks.

3. TACKLING: - This is to take away the ball from the opponent. For this, the players
keep their eyes on the ball and watch the speed, stride and proximity of the ball to the
opponent. Tackle when the ball has just left the foot of the dribbler.
Points to be kept in mind while tackling
1) Keep your eyes on the ball.
2) Watch the speed, stride and proximity of the ball to the opponent.
3) Contact the ball with the inside of the foot.
4) Carry the weight through the centre of the ball and support the weight with
the other leg. Keep the knees bent.

4. DRIBBLING:- Dribbling is the skill of running with the ball at your feet. While
dribbling the ball the player must keep the ball under his control. The ball is not kicked
but pushed and touches the ball at every step to keep under perfect control.
Points to be kept in mind while dribbling:
1) To play around the opponent.
2) To escape from the opponent.
3) To keep the ball in possession.
4) Keep the ball near your feet.
5) Don't walk and dribble as you will not come any far. Instead use your speed
to accelerate quickly from your opponent.
6) Don't look down at the ball while dribbling.

5. GOALKEEPING:- A goalkeeper has the job of preventing the opposition from scoring.
Goalkeeper is allowed to control the ball with his hands when in the goal area. Goalkeeping
is important for building a strong team.
A goalkeeper must have the following skills:
1) Catching, throwing and fisting
2) Punching
3) Deflecting
4) Dribbling and Dodging

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 5) Diving for the ball and covering
6) Stance and balance
7) Taking goal kick

6. RECEIVING:- The skill of receiving in football is the individual act of obtaining the
ball from a pass or an interception, getting it under control, and then setting it up in a
proper position for performance of the next skill. Receiving a ball on the ground is
different from receiving a ball in the air.
When receiving a ball on the ground, the following points should be considered:
1) Keep your eye on the ball.
2) Choose which foot to receive the ball with (this may depend on the location of
the defender).
3) Receive the ball with one foot with the toe pointed up (ankle locked).
4) Don’t stop the ball. Instead, prepare it for the next action: shot, dribble, pass or
to play away from pressure.

Receiving the ball in the air is a skill that involves six major phases:
1) Keep your eye on the ball.
2) Reading the flight, speed and direction of the ball.
3) Deciding which body part will control the ball (foot, thigh, chest or head).
4) Getting the body in line with the direction of the ball.
5) Preparing to receive the ball by presenting the body part to the ball.
6) Cushioning the ball with the body part to slow it down and preparing for the
next touch.

7. HEADING: - It means clearing the ball with the head. An attacker heads the ball to
redirect it towards the net. A defender heads the ball to deflect it away from the goal. It is
done when the ball is about shoulder high or above. It is used for giving passes, trapping
the ball and scoring a goal. This can be done by standing, jumping or diving. Most header
goals are scored as a result of a cross or a corner.

Points to be kept in mind while heading:

1) The heading should be done with the forehead.
2) Maintain balance with both hands.
3) Bring the head back and hit the ball with a jerk.
4) A high ball should be hit by jumping.

Purpose of heading
1) An attacker heads the ball to redirect it towards the net.
2) A defender heads the ball to deflect it away from the goal.
3) It is used for giving passes, tripping the ball and scoring a goal.

8. TRAPPING THE BALL: - When a player uses his body to slow down and control a
moving ball, most often using his chest, thighs or feet is called trapping. The purpose of
trapping is to prevent the ball from rebounding away.

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Methods (ways) of trapping the ball:
1) Inside trap: - You can either catch the ball while in the air with the inside,
middle part of your foot or you can let the ball hit the ground and then you
would immediately catch the ball with the inside, middle of your foot.
2) Step trap: - You would simply step on the ball and stop it from moving in order
to gain control.
3) Chest trap: - With this method, you would cushion the ball and let it hit your
chest and then guide it to the ground.
4) Thigh trap: - With this method, you would cushion the ball and let it hit the
inside, middle of your thigh, then guide the ball to the ground.
5) Head trap: - Similar to the chest trap, but you use your head to knock the ball
down to your feet.

9. SHOOTING: - Shooting is easily the most common way for goals to be scored. It is
done using the feet, using the head, i.e. heading the ball, which is the second most
common way in which goals are scored.

Following are the different types of shooting.

1) Instep Drive: - One of the most common scenes from the highlights of goals scored at
any football match is shots that are struck from distance. The instep drive is done with
the top part of your foot or laces making direct contact with the ball. 3 steps on executing
a good instep drive shot are:

1) Lean forward to keep your shot low.

2) Lock the ankle of your kicking foot and strike the centre of the ball off your laces.
3) Long back lift but minimum follow through after contact with the ball has
been made.

2) Chip: - The chip shot is often used in situations when offensive players see the opposing
goalkeeper off his line, or away from his goal. In these circumstances the attacker may
opt to catch the opponents by surprise by lifting the ball over the keeper into the
unguarded net. This is a slightly more advanced level skill used by players who are more
technically sound. 3 steps on executing a good chip shot are:

1) Place your non kicking foot firmly beside the ball with arms out for balance.
2) As you run up to the ball, your upper body should be standing almost directly
over the ball just before striking it.
3) Kicking foot makes contact under the ball with minimal follow through.

3) Swerve Shot:- Made popular by the British movie "Bend It Like Beckham", swerve
shots are used most frequently in attacking free kicks but also during open play. The use
of swerve is to get the ball around an opponent and back on target. 3 steps on how to
execute a swerve shot are:

1) Place your non kicking foot firmly beside the ball with arms out for balance.
2) Lock your ankle as your kicking foot makes contact with the side of the ball with
the instep.
3) Follow through after contact has been made for greater power.

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 4) Toe Punt: - A toe punt (also known as a toe poker or a toe-ender) is a method of
kicking the ball. Unlike other methods of kicking, the toe punt uses the toe end of
the boot rather than the instep or laces.

Stand: - Stand in a controlled open stance, with your feet. It doesn’t matter which foot is in
front. Once you’ve positioned your feet, you’ll need to take two steps forward, the first with
your kicking foot, the second with your other foot, so that you’ve gained some momentum
while keeping your kicking foot behind your other foot.

Step forward: - Your forward steps should be smooth and controlled. Don’t walk or
run towards the ball; instead, approach it at a fast pace:

1) Take two normal sized steps. Taking stutter steps or long strides will make it
more difficult for you to punt the ball.
2) Your toes should be pointed forward and you should kick the ball with the top
of your kicking foot.
3) Move your dominant hand away to the side, and lift your other hand in the air
to help you follow through and gain momentum.
4) You should make contact at the height of your knee.

Follow through: - Finish the kicking motion, kicking your leg almost as high as it will go
to maximise the ball’s height and speed.

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL GOVERNING BODIES

1) AIFF:- All India Football Federation

2) FIFA: - The Federation Internationale de Football Association
3) IFAB:- International Football Association Board

1. AIFF:- All India Football Federation

The All India Football Federation was founded in 1937.
The AIFF is the organization which manages the game of association football in
India. It administers the running of the Indian national football team and India’s
premier domestic club competition.

2. FIFA:- The Federation International de Football Association

FIFA was formed on 21 May 1904.
FIFA controls the rules of the game, it is responsible for both the organisation of a
number of tournaments and their promotion.

2. IFAB:- International Football Association Board

IFAB was founded in 1886 to agree standardized laws for international competition.
The IFAB is the universal decision- making body for the laws of the Game (LoG)
of association football.

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National and International Tournaments

NATIONAL TOURNAMENTS
1. SANTOSH TROPHY
2. SUBROTO CUP
3. FEDERATION CUP
4. DURAND CUP
5. I-LEAGUE

1. SANTOSH TROPHY
1. The tournament was started in 1941
2. Named after the president of the Indian Football Association (West Bengal's
football association) at the time, Sir Manmatha Nath Roy Chowdhary of Santosh.
3. The tournament is held every year with 31 teams who are divided into groups and
who must qualify for the tournament proper through the preliminary round.

2. SUBROTO CUP
1. Subroto Cup Football Tournament is a prestigious international inter-school
football tournament that is held annually in New Delhi, India.
2. Named after the Indian Air Force Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, it is an annual
event that began in 1960.
3. Students from many countries across Asia participate in this tournament.
4. Since 1998, the tournament has been played in two age groups, sub-Junior (under
14 years) and Junior (under 17 years).

3. FEDERATION CUP
1. The Federation Cup, also known as Hero Federation Cup for sponsorship reasons,
is an annual knockout style club football tournament in India.
2. It started in 1977.
3. Presently it is the most important club tournament after the I-League, to which it
has become a de facto League Cup.
4. The winning club of the Federation Cup gets a chance to compete at the continental
level in the AFC Cup.

4. DURAND CUP
1. The Durand Cup is the oldest football tournament in Asia and the third oldest
football tournament in the world.
2. In 1888, the tournament started off as an Army Cup open only to the British Indian
Army troops in India but soon it opened up to civilian teams.
3. The Tournament is named after its founder, Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign
Secretary in charge of India
4. In 1940 the venue was transferred to New Delhi, and it is now held at the Ambedkar
Stadium in the city.
5. It is co-hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) and Oceans.

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5. I-LEAGUE
1. The I-League, (formerly known as National Football League) is one of the two
coexisting premier football leagues in India along with Indian Super League.
2. For sponsorship reasons, the league is officially known as the Hero I-League.
3. It is currently contested by 11 clubs across the country.
4. For the clubs that become I-League champions, they are granted the opportunity to
participate in the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary international club competition.

International Tournaments

1) FIFA World Cup

2) UEFA European Championship
3) AFC Cup

1. FIFA World Cup

1) The FIFA World Cup is the most prestigious football competition in the world.
2) The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural
tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the II
World War.
3) The World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the
senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de
Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
4) The World Cup hosts the top 32 national teams in a month-long tournament.
5) The host country is selected by FIFA's Council.

2. UEFA European Championship

1) The competition has been held every four years since it was conducted in 1960
2) The UEFA European Football Championship, also commonly known as the UEFA
Euros.
3) Originally, the tournament was called the European Nations’ Cup. The tournament
was renamed to its current name in 1968.
4) Scheduled to be in the even-numbered year between FIFA World Cup tournaments.
5) The Championship is a quadrennial international men’s football championship of
Europe conducted by the Union of European Football Association (UEFA) and
determines the champion of Europe.

3. AFC Cup
1) The AFC Cup is an annual international association football competition between
domestic clubs run by the Asian football confederation (AFC).
2) Countries which are ‘emerging’ nations are eligible to participate in the AFC cup
qualifying play-off, whereas countries which have better infrastructure and football
prowess are entered into the AFC champions league.

21
 TERMINOLOGY

1. ADDED TIME: At the end of each half of 45 minutes, if the referee extends the period
beyond the time, it is called added time. It can be due to injuries, substitution, under delay
etc.
2. ADVANTAGE:- It refers to a situation in which the referee calls “play on” despite a
foul- because the team that would be given a free kick already has the advantage of a
scoring or pass. advantage rule

3.A SLIDE TACKLE:- It is tackling the ball from opponent possession by slide. It is
completed with one leg extended to push the ball away from the opposing player.
Best Sliding Tackles In Football • Home Of Football
•
[Link] PASS:- A through pass is a pass into open space between two defenders for
an attacker to receive the ball behind the defenders. Through Passes soccer football

[Link]:- A player whose job is to play the ball forward towards the opponent’s
goal area to create a scoring opportunity.

[Link] KICK:- A spectacular move in which a player jumps in the air in a back flip
motion, kicking the ball backward over their head.
BICYCLE KICK TUTORIAL | Master these football skills

[Link]:- The players receive a caution if they regularly break the rules and do not
respect the referee’s decisions.

8. CHEST TRAP:- The skill involves a player using his or her chest to gain control over the
ball that is approaching them high in the air. Typically, the player receives the ball on their
chest while leaning back, effectively cushioning the ball as it arrives. Then, the ball is gently
dropped at their feet so that they can easily retain possession.

How to Chest a Soccer

Ball
9. CHIP:- A chip is a shot in which the ball is kicked from underneath with accuracy but
with less than maximum force, to launch it high into the air in order either to pass it over
the heads of opponents or to score a goal over the goalkeeper.

How to chip a football

[Link]:- It is a medium to long range pass from a wide area of the field towards the
centre of the field near the opponent’s goal.

3 CROSSES YOU NEED TO LEARN | learn football

skills
11. DEFENDER:- A player whose job is to stop the opposition attacking players from goal
scoring.

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[Link] TIME:- During a tournament, if there is tie at the end of regulation time then the
teams play for extra time of two halves (periods) of 15 minutes (total 30 minutes) over time
period. It is called extra time.

[Link] PASS:- Between the goal before scoring the goal if one player passes the ball to
another player and he succeeds in scoring the goal then it will be the final pass.

[Link] TIME:- It is approximately 3 minutes time given after each half in view to
compensate for the time loss in injury during the game.

[Link]:- Kick or hit the ball over an opponent in a high arc.

Top 10 Lob Goals

Ever
[Link]:- A volley is usually a shot hit the first time without the ball touching the
ground.

HOW TO SHOOT A VOLLEY - 5 tips to learn this football skill

[Link]-VOLLEY:- A half-volley is a shot right after the ball bounces and is going up in
the air. How To Half Volley A Soccer Ball or Football

Or
When the ball is kicked by a player just after it has hit the ground it is called a half volley
kick.

[Link]-TO-MAN DEFENCE: - Man-to-man defence is a type of defensive tactic in which

each player is assigned to defend and follow the movements of a single player on offence.

or

Man-to-man defence is a defensive strategy where defenders are assigned an opposition

player to mark rather than to cover a specific area of the field.

[Link]:- Defensive strategy, aimed at preventing an attacker from receiving the

ball from a teammate.

Or

Marking a particular opponent in all the important defensive areas of the field.

[Link]:- The ball skillfully kicked (or pushed) through the opponent’s legs and
collected on the other side by the original player.

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[Link] ON ONE:- A situation where the only player between an attacking player and the
goal is the opponent's goalkeeper.

LEARN 5 COOL 1 v 1 FOOTBALL SKILLS

23
 22. OVERLAP:- A tactic used to move defenders and midfielders into attacking

positions. [Link]

Wing-play allows for several concepts and strategies to break the opposition defence and
create goal-scoring opportunities. And overlapping runs are common and effective
concepts when attacking through wide areas.

[Link] CIRCLE:- An arc with a radius of 1 yard located at each of the 4 corners of
the football field.

[Link] OVER:- Skill move performed by an attacking player in which a player rolls
their foot over the top of the ball without touching it, in order to deceive an opposing
player.

The Classic Step Over | Telegraph Football Skills School

or
A dribbling move, or feint, in football (soccer), used to fool a defensive player into thinking
the offensive player, in possession of the ball, is going to move in a direction he does not
intend to move in.

[Link] AREA: - A technical area in association football is an area which a manager,

other coaching personnel, and substitutes are allowed to occupy during a match.

[Link] PASS: - A movement in which one player passes the ball to another and sprints
forward to receive the quickly played return.

Coaching Soccer ~ How to do a Wall Pass + Online Soccer Academy

[Link] MARKING: - Zonal marking is a defensive strategy where defenders cover an

area of the pitch rather than marking a specific opponent.

[Link]:- A player, substitute or substituted player is sent-off and shown the red card
if he commits a serious fault or violent conduct. A player who has been sent-off must leave the
vicinity of the field of play and technical area. The player sent off cannot be replaced.

[Link]-LINE TECHNOLOGY (GLT): It is the use of electronic aid to determine if a

goal has been scored or not.

[Link] Piece:- It is an aerial pass at the opponent’s penalty area from a stationary positions
such as a corner kick, throw-in, free kick etc. It is easy to score a goal by a volley or heading

31. Away goals rule :- A tie- break applied in some competitions with two- legged matches,
In cases where the scores finish level on aggregate, the team that has scored more goals away
from home is deemed the winner.

[Link] -trick :- A hat-trick is when a player scores three goals in a a single game. When a
player scores 4 goals it is called as haul. When a player scores 5 goals it is called as glut and
24
when a player scores 7 goals it is called as a haul-trick.

[Link]-sub :- It refers to a player who is not a regular in the starting line -up but who is
noted for often coming on a substitute and making a significant impact on the game.

34. Foul :- A foul is an unfair act by a player, deemed by he referee to contravene the game’s
laws that interferes with the active play of the game. Fouls are punished by the award of a
free kick to the opposing team.

35.A nutmeg :- When a player intentionally plays the ball between an opponent’s legs, runs
past the opponent, and collec their own pass is called as tunnel. The aim is to kick, roll,
dribble, throw, or push the ball between an opponent’s feets.

36. Run out :- If a batsman attempts a run but fails to make his ground before the bails are
dislodged by the fielding team, he is run out.

REFEREE'S DECISIONS:
1) A player commits two infringements of a different nature at the same time.
A player is sent off the field of play by showing a red card.
2) He finds that a player is deliberately wasting
time. Caution the player by showing a yellow
card.
3) He finds a player guilty of violent action.
Sent off the player by showing a red
card.
4) He is uncertain whether the ball has gone out of play.
He will take the help of an assistant referee.
5) The goalkeeper intentionally lies on the ball longer than it is necessary.
The goalkeeper is guilty of unsporting behaviour. The referee will stop the play and
caution the goalkeeper by showing a yellow card and resume the play by an indirect
free kick, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.
6) A player spit at an official during the game.
The referee will send off the guilty player by showing a red card. He will resume the
play by indirect free kick.
7) A ball is improperly thrown in.
The referee will award a throw in to the opposing team.
8) The goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands outside the penalty area.
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team. The kick to be taken from the
place where the infringement occurred.
9) An indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponent's
goal. A goal kick is awarded to the defending team.
10) An indirect free kick is kicked directly into the team's own
goal. A corner kick is awarded to the opposing team.
11) If the ball busts or becomes defective during the course of play.
25
 The match is stopped and restarted by dropping the replacement ball at the place
where the first ball becomes defective.
12) If the ball bursts or becomes defective while taking the penalty
kick. The penalty kick is retaken.
13) A player intentionally pushes an opponent.
The referee gives a direct free kick to the opponent team and caution the player who
commits that foul.
14) A defending player intentionally handles the ball in the penalty area.
The opponent will get a penalty kick from the penalty spot.
15) A player indulges in misconduct even after receiving a yellow card.
If a player persists in misconduct, after receiving the caution, he will be suspended
from that match and sent out. If the misconduct is serious he can be suspended from
the tournament.
16) When the goal is scored unintentionally by the centre
referee. A goal is awarded.
17) At a kick off the same player touches the ball a second
time. Indirect free kick is awarded to the opposite team.
18) During the penalty kick the ball rebounds from the crossbar and the same player
kicks the ball to score a goal.
Goal will not be given. Indirect free kick is awarded to the opposite
team.
The Rules of Football (Soccer or Association Football) - EXPLAINED!
*******************************************

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