TRANSITIONS

PART 1.
1. Iraqi artist Nazik Al-Malaika, celebrated as the first Arabic poet to write in free verse,
didn't reject traditional forms entirely; her poem "Elegy for a Woman of No Importance"
consists of two ten-line stanzas and a standard number of syllables. Even in this superficially
traditional work, ______ Al-Malaika was breaking new ground by memorializing an
anonymous woman rather than a famous man.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. in fact,
B. though,
C. therefore,
D. moreover,

2. Reforestation efforts, while undeniably valuable, often result in forests with limited
biodiversity. ______ care should be taken to plant a wide variety of native flora in depleted
woodlands.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. However,
B. Accordingly,
C. Nevertheless,
D. Furthermore,

3. The "Gordie Howe hat trick", an unofficial statistic in which a hockey player scores a goal,
records an assist, and gets in a fight all in the same game, is named after hockey great Gordie
Howe. ______ Howe only achieved this feat twice in his professional career, far fewer times
than many other players.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. However,
B. Therefore,
C. Afterwards,
D. As a result,
4. Seismologists Kaiqing Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz have proposed that the magma
fueling Iceland's more than 30 active volcano systems emerges from deep within Earth. The
great depths involved—nearly 3,000 km—mark Iceland's volcanoes as extreme outliers;
______ many of Earth's volcanoes are fed by shallow pockets of magma found less than 15
km below the surface.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. consequently,
B. in addition,
C. indeed,
D. nevertheless,

5. For years, biologists have experimented with using grime-eating bacteria rather than harsh
chemicals to clean artworks, and the results have been impressive overall. ______ these
bacterial strains—which can metabolize centuries' worth of oil, glue, dirt, and other surface
impurities without creating harmful byproducts—have proven more effective than traditional
chemical cleaning methods.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Additionally,
B. In many cases, phần sau giải thích kĩ hơn cho phần trước
C. As a result,
D. However,

6. Researchers believe that pieces of hull found off Oregon's coast are from a Spanish cargo
ship that was lost in 1697. Stories passed down among the area's Confederated Tribes of
Siletz Indians support this belief. ______ Siletz’s stories describe how blocks of beeswax, an
item the ship had been carrying, began washing ashore after the ship was lost.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. For this reason,
B. For example,
C. However,
D. Likewise,

7. In a heated debate in biogeography, the field is divided between dispersalists and

vicariancists. ______ there are those who argue that dispersal is the most crucial determining
factor in a species' distribution, and those who insist that vicariance (separation due to
geographic barriers) is. Biogeographer Isabel Sanmartín counts herself among neither.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Furthermore,
B. By contrast,
C. Similarly,
D. That is,

8. Wishcycling—putting non-recyclable items into recycling bins under the mistaken belief
that those items can be recycled—ultimately does more harm than good. Nonrecyclable
items, such as greasy pizza boxes, can contaminate recyclable materials, rendering entire
batches unusable. ______ nonrecyclable products can damage recycling plants' machinery.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Moreover,
B. Fittingly, thích đáng, hợp lý,kết quả
C. Nevertheless,
D. On the contrary,

PART 2.
1. It has long been thought that humans first crossed a land bridge into the Americas
approximately 13,000 years ago. ______ based on radiocarbon dating of samples uncovered
in Mexico, a research team recently suggested that humans may have arrived more than
30,000 years ago—much earlier than previously thought.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. As a result,
B. Similarly,
C. However,
D. In conclusion,

2. A 2017 study of sign language learners tested the role of iconicity—the similarity of a sign
to the thing it represents—in language acquisition. The study found that the greater the
iconicity of a sign, the more likely it was to have been learned. ______ the correlation
between acquisition and iconicity was lower than that between acquisition and another factor
studied: sign frequency.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In fact,
 however, by contrast, coversely: nhấn mạnh sự khác biệt
B. In other words,
C. Granted, =nevetheless, nonetheless: nhượng bộ
D. As a result,

3. Alexander Lawrence Posey (1873–1908) varied his focus and tone depending on the genre
in which he was writing. In his poetry, he used heartfelt language to evoke the beauty and
peacefulness of his natural surroundings; in his journalism, ______ he employed humor and
satire to comment on political issues affecting his Muskogee Creek community.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. by contrast,
B. granted,
C. that is,
D. similarly,

4. O2 Arena, an award-winning science fiction story by Nigerian author Oghenechovwe

Donald Ekpeki, takes place in an alternate version of Nigeria where breathable air is a rare
commodity that is owned and sold by companies. ______ people must purchase it with
currency called O2 credits.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Nevertheless,
B. In any case,
C. As a result,
D. Earlier,

5. When one looks at the dark craggy vistas in Hitoshi Fugo's evocative photo series, one's
mind might wander off to the cratered surfaces of faraway planets. ______ it's the series' title,
Flying Frying Pan, that brings one back to Earth, reminding the viewer that each photo is
actually a close-up view of a familiar household object: a frying pan.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Alternatively,
B. Consequently,
C. Ultimately,
D. Additionally,
6. Before the 1847 introduction of the US postage stamp, the cost of postage was usually paid
by the recipient of a letter rather than the sender, and recipients were not always able or
willing to pay promptly. ______ collecting this fee could be slow and arduous, and heaps of
unpaid-for, undeliverable mail piled up in post offices.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Regardless,
B. On the contrary,
C. Consequently,
D. For example,

7. The number of dark spots that appear on the Sun, known as sunspots, can vary greatly. For
example, there were about 180 sunspots in November 2001. ______ there were only about 2
sunspots in December 2008.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In other words,
B. Similarly,
C. Therefore,
D. By comparison,