Photosynthesis
One mark questions
1) The colour of the chlorophyll b in the chromatogram is ------------
2) The reaction centre of PS I & PS II is ------ & ------- respectively
3) Mention the technique used for separation the leaf pigments of green plants
4) Expand LHC
5) What is the range of wave length of visible spectrum of light, VIBGYOR?
6) The reaction centre of PS I is called as P700 .Why?
7) Name the primary Co2 accepter molecule in C4 cycle
8) Name the first stable 3 carbon compound formed during C3 cycle
9) How many molecules of ATP & NADPH are used up to synthesise one glucose molecule?
10) Name the enzyme involved in carboxylation in C3 cycle ?
Two mark questions
11) Define Photophosphorylation. Name the two types
12) Non-cyclic photo-phosphorylation takes place in grana not in stroma lamellae . Why?
13) Expand RuBisCO .Explain why this enzyme is named so?
14) Observe the given diagram and answer the following questions
a) Identify the figure b) Name A & B
15 ) Where is NADP reductase enzyme located in the chloroplast? What is its role in non cyclic
photophosphorylation.
16) Observe the diagram given below and answer the following questions
a) Identify the organelle b) Name A , B & C
17) Photorespiration a wastefull process. Justify the statement
18) Observe the diagram given below .Answer the following questions
a) Name the process b) Why is it called so?
19) What are accessory pigments? What is their role in photosynthesis?
20) a) Define Blackman's law of limiting factors.
b) Write the external factors which affect rate of photosynthesis.
Three mark questions
21) 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e-
The above equation represents an important reaction that takes place during
Non cyclic photophosphorylation
a) Name the process
b) Where does this reaction take place in plants c) What is the significance of this reaction?
22) Observe the graphs given below. What does these graphs indicate ?
Graph A Graph B
23) Given below diagram represents the process of Non cyclic photophosphorylation
a) Why is it called as Non cyclic photophosphorylation
b) The ETC of Non cyclic photophosphorylation is also called as Z scheme. Why ?
24) Given below is the schematic diagram of Calvin cycle. Observe it and answer the following questions.
1) Where does this cycle takes place? 2) Mention the three stages of Calvin cycle
3)Name the compound which is regenerated in this cycle
25) Observe the diagram given below .Answer the following questions
a) Which process is explained by this diagram
b) Name the three electron carrier molecules present on the thylakoid membrane
c) Name the enzyme required for ATP synthesis and its components
26) ATP synthesis is linked to development of proton gradient across a membrane .
Explain three ways for developing the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
27) Observe the graph given below and answer the questions.
a) Label the pigments A ,B,& C b) Which is the chief pigment in photosynthesis? Why?
28) You are provided with some characters of photophosphorylation, arrange them in appropriate column
. [Occurs at stroma lamella, Electron flow is cyclic, Production of ATP and NADPH,
Both PS I & PS II are functional, Presence of NADP reductase, Occurs at grana lamellae,
Only PS I is functional, Absence of NADP reductase, Synthesis of ATP only, Electron flow is not cyclic.]
Cyclic Photophosphorylation Noncyclic
photophosphorylation
29) Explain the process of ATP synthesis according to Chemiosmotic hypothesis
30) The basic pathway that results in the formation of the sugars is the Calvin cycle and that is is common to
the C3 and C4 plants.
a) In which cells Calvin cycle occurs in C4 plants ?
b) How do these cells get CO2 for carbon fixation?
c) Mention two features of C4 plants
Answers
1) Yellow green
2) P700 & P680
3) Paper chromatography
4) Light Harvesting Complex
5) 400 nm - 700 nm
6) Because the reaction centre of PSI is a Chl a molecule which is having an absorption peak at 700 nm
7) PEP – Phosphoenol pyruvate
8) 3PGA - 3 Phosphoglycerate
9) 18 ATP & 12 NADP
10) RubisCO
11) Photophosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light.
Cyclic photophosphorylation & Non cyclic photophosphorylation
12) Stroma lamellae membranes lack PS II as well as NADP reductase enzyme,
Whereas the grana have both PS I and PS II as well as NADP reductase enzyme
13) RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase . This enzyme is called so because it has both carboxylation and
oxygenation activity
14) a) Light harvesting complex b) A) Reaction centre B) Pigment molecules
15) Stroma side of the thylakoid membrane. To convert NADP + to NADPH
16) a) Chloroplast b) A – Stroma lamellae B- Grana C- Stroma
17) Photorespiration is a wastefull process because ,in this pathway there is neither synthesis of sugars,
nor ATP production. Rather it results in the release of CO₂ with the utilisation of ATP.
18) a) Cyclic photophosphorylation
b)The electrons that escape from PSI are cycled back to the same pigment system
19) All the pigments other than chlorophyll a, like chlorophyll b, xanthophylls and carotenoids, which are
present in a pigment system are called accessory pigments
• They absorb sunlight and transfer the solar energy to chlorophyll a.
• They also protect chlorophyll a from photo-oxidation.
20) a) If a chemical process is affected by more than one factor, then its rate will be determined by the
factor which is available to its minimal value.
b) Light, temperature, CO2 concentration, water
21) a) Photolysis
b) In the lumen of thylakoid
c) i) Help to increase H+ gradient in lumen for ATP synthesis
ii) Help to replace electrons in PS II.
22) Graph A represents the Absorption spectrum of the pigments chlorophyll a, b and the carotenoids
It shows that the rate of absorption of lightby the pigments are more in the blue and red regions of
the visible spectrum
Graph B represents the Action spectrum of photosynthesis
It shows that the rate of photosynthesis is maximmum in the blue and red regions of the spectrum
23) a) The electrons escaped from PSII are not cycled back to same PS, instead they move towards PS I
b) This whole scheme of transfer of electrons, starting from the PS II, uphill to the acceptor, down the
electron transport chain to PS I, excitation of electrons, transfer to another acceptor, and finally
down hill to NADP+ reducing it to NADPH + H+ is called the Z scheme, due to its characterstic shape .
This shape is formed when all the carriers are placed in a sequence on a redox potential scale
24) a - Stroma b- 1- Carboxylation 2- Reduction 3- Regeneration c - Ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate
25) a) Chemiosmotic hypothesis which explains the mechanism of ATP synthesis
b) Plastoquinine, Cytochrome B6 f , Plastocyanine
c) ATP synthase - CF0 & CF1
26) A proton gradient is created across the thylakoid membrane by
1. The protons or hydrogen ions are produced by the splitting of water and they accumulate within the
lumen of the thylakoids.
2. When electrons moves through the electron accepter molecules ,the protons are released into the
lumen of the thylakoids . As a result the concentration of protons are high within the lumen of the
thylakoids
3. The protons present in the stroma are used up for the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH+ H+ .
So the concentration of protons are reduced within the stroma.
27)
a) A. Carotenoides B. Chlorophyll b C. Chlorophyll a.
b) Chlorophyll a.
Because in Absorption spectrum and Action spectrum Chl a shows maximum rate of absorption in blue
and red region and also shows higher rate of photosynthesis.
28)
Cyclic photophosphorylation Non cyclic photophosphorylation
Occur at stroma lamella Occur at grana lamellae
Only PS I is functional Both PS I and PS II functional
Absence of NADP reductase Presence of NADP reductase
Synthesis of ATP only Production of ATP and NADPH2
Electron flow is cyclic Electron flow is not cyclic
29)
• A proton gradient is created across the thylakoid membrane and
• The breakdown of this proton gradient provides enough energy which leads to the synthesis of ATP.
• The gradient is broken down due to the movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma
• ATP synthase enzyme present on the membrane has a channel CF0 that allows diffusion of protons
from the lumen into the stroma across the membrane.
• This releases enough energy to cause a conformational change in the CF1 particle of the ATP synthase
thus catalyses the formation of ATP.
30) a. Bundle sheath cells
b. By the decarboxylation of C4 acid to C3 acid
c. C4 plants can tolerate higher temperatures .They show good response to high light intensities
