Problem 1:
A member of vierendeel truss with length of 3m is
subjected to an axial load and bending moment of
1000kN (tension) and 400kNm respectively. Design an
economical universal beam section in grade S275 steel.
Problem 2:
A braced column 4.5m long is subjected to the factored end loads and
moments about the x–x axis, as shown in Figure below. The column is
held in position but only partially restrained in direction at the ends.
Check that a 203 × 203 UC 52 in Grade 275 steel is adequate.
4.5m
Solution for Problem 2:
(1) Column-section classification
Section properties for 203 × 203 UC 52 are:
A = 66.4 cm2; Zx = 510 cm3; ry = 5.16 cm
x = 15.8; u = 0.848; Sx = 568 cm3
Design strength from Table 9, py = 275 N/mm2
ε = (275/py)0.5 = 1.0
(From Figure (b) above) and referring to Table 11
Flange b/T = 101.95/12.5 = 8.156 < 9.0
Web d/t = 160.8/8.0 = 20.1 < 80
flanges are plastic and web is semi-compact
(2) Cross-section capacity check
Moment capacity about the x–x axis:
Mcx = 275 × 568/103 = 156.2 kNm
< 1.2 × 275 × 510/103 = 168.4 kNm
Interaction expression:
𝐹𝑐 𝑀𝑥
+ ≤ 1.0
𝑃𝑐 𝑀𝑐𝑥
The section is satisfactory with respect to local capacity.
(3) Member buckling check
The effective length : (Table 22)
LE = 0.85 × 4500 = 3825
Slenderness λ = 3825/51.6 = 74.1
From Table 23, select Table 24(c) for buckling about the y–y axis.
From Table 24(c), compressive strength py = 172.8 N/mm2.
The ratio of end moments:
β = 12/35 = 0.342
From Table 18 the equivalent uniform moment factor mx = 0.697
Recall: λLT = uvλ
where u=0.848 and denotes buckling parameter for H-section,
N =0.5 for uniform section with equal flanges, (cl. [Link])
x = 15.8, the torsional index,
λ/x =74.1/15.8 = 4.69,
v = 0.832, the slenderness factor from Table 19,
λLT = 0.848 × 0.832 × 74.1 = 52.2
From Table 16, the bending strength:
pb = 232.7 N/mm2
Buckling resistance moment:
Mb = 232.7 × 568/103 = 132.1 kNm
Interaction expression:
The section is also satisfactory with respect to overall buckling.
Problem 3:
The tension member of space frame is subjected to tension and
biaxial bending. When the frame was subjected to ultimate loads, the
tensile force was found in the member was found to be 1100kN and
the moments about the major and minor axes were 41kNm and
145kNm respectively. Show that 254x254x167UC in grade S275 steel
is adequate assuming that the member is provided with lateral
restraints and that the effective cross sectional area of the member is
equal to its gross cross sectional area.
Problem 4:
A 356 x 368 x 153 UC in grade S275 steel is part of a braced multi-storey
frame which has been shown to be non-sway. The storey height between
beam centres is 6.0 m. The column is attached to the beams using flush end
plate connections and the beams support concrete floor slabs, thus providing
partial restraint against bending in both principal planes and full restraint
against rotation in plan. The axial load in the column is 1500 kN.
At the upper end of the column segment the applied moment is 300 kNm
about the major axis and 60 kNm about the minor axis..
The corresponding values at the lower end are 200kNm and 80kNm
respectively as shown in the bending moment diagrams in Fig.
below. Check the adequacy of the column section for this storey.
NOTE: Code design procedure
The code design procedure for compression members with
moments is set out in Section 4.8.3 of BS 5950: Part 1. This
requires the following two checks to be carried out:
(1) cross-section capacity check and
(2) member buckling check.
(1) Cross-section capacity check
The member should be checked at the point of greatest bending
moment and axial load. This is usually at the end, but it could be
within the column height if lateral loads are also applied. The
capacity is controlled by yielding or local buckling.
Except for Class 4 members, with the simplified approach, the
interaction relationship for Classes 1, 2 and 3 members given in
Section [Link] of the code is:
where F is the applied axial load, Ag the gross cross-sectional area, Mx
the applied moment about the major axis x–x, Mcx the moment
capacity about the major axis x–x in the absence of axial load, My the
applied moment about the minor axis y–y, and Mcy the moment
capacity about the minor axis y–y in the absence of axial load.
Alternatively, a more rigorous interaction relationship for plastic and
compact sections given in the code can also be used
