Industrial
Revolution
Rithi Setty - 8IG
Contents
Industrial Revolution
Features of Industrial
Revolution
Industrial Revolution in
England
Spread of Industrial
Revolution
Impact of Industrial
Revolution
Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of
significant economic, technological and
social change that began in the 18th century
and continued into the 19th century. (1750
- 1850) It marked the transition from
agrarian and handcraft-based economies to
industrial and machine-based production.
This revolution was a radical transformation
of the economy and society of England and
this later spread into other countries as well.
The revolution significantly changed the
methods, techniques and organisation of the
production and distribution of goods.
Main features
Factory System: The change from cottage
industries to large-scale factory production
became a distinctive feature of the Industrial
Revolution. Factories centralized production
increasing its efficiency and mass production
Urbanization: Growth of industries and factories
led to a significant migration of people from rural
to urban areas in search of employment.
Raw Materials: The raw materials and means of
production were now not owned by the
workers, but by rich traders and merchants
known as capitalists.
Technological Innovations: This period saw the
devolopment and widespread adoption of new
technologies. These innovation revolutionized
industries like textile, transport and
communication.
revolution in England
There are many factors that led to the Industrial
Revolution in England, they are:-
Agricultural Revolution: The agricultural
revolution in England paved the way for
Industrial Revolution. Use of new tools for
agriculture replaced manual labour, this labour
force was then diverted to the towns and cities
to work in industrial economy.
Stable Government: England in the seventeenth
century witnessed a period of peace and
stability. It was far away from all the wars and
destruction. This peace was helpful for its
economic growth.
Surplus Capital: The involvement of England in
overseas trade and commerce got it immense
foreign wealth. This surplus capital was used to
get new scientific ideas and develop new
industries.
revolution in England
Cheap Labour: Introduction of machines in
agriculture led to unemployment of rural areas.
This made people move to the cities looking for
jobs creating a large labour force ready to work
in factories for low wages.
Coal and Iron: Coal and iron were essential
resources required in the Industrial Revolution.
Iron to make machines and coal to run the
machines, both were very abundant in North
England.
Naval Supremacy: When Industrial Revolution
began, the English navy known as the Royal
Navy was used for trade and exploration.
Colonies were used as suppliers of cheap raw
materials and ready markets for finished goods.
This this developed industrial growth.
Spread of revolution
The Industrial Revolution that originated in
England gradually spread to other parts of
Europe and to the rest of the world as well. The
spread of industrialization was influenced by
various factors such as economic, technological,
political, and social changes. The revolution first
spread to its neighbouring countries like Belgium,
France and Germany, later across Europe and
United States of America as well. Initially the
other countries copied the technology from
England, later on tehy developed themselves.
countries like Germany and USA went ahead of
England. Japan was the first country in Asia to be
industrialised. Industrialization in Russia started
after the Russian Revolution in 1917. After the
Second World War, industrialization spread
across the whole world.
impact of revolution
The Industrial Revolution marks not only the rise
of new technology and innovations but it
changed the structure of human society,
transforming its economy, politics and
organization.
Feudalism and Capitalism: The Industrial
Revolution marked the final phase of
transformation from feudalism to capitalism.
Merchants and small business men started to
accumulate wealth. The feudal landlords lost their
influence and there was a rise of wealthy and
powerful capitalists.
Trade and Commerce: The production of surplus
goods in industrialized countries led them to sell
goods to under-developed countries. This led to
increase in import and export. To make profit,
industrialized countries search for new markets
to sell their finished products, resulting in
expansion of overseas trade and commerce.
impact of revolution
Child Labour: Children were also employed in
factories, they almost did as much work as
adults and got payed very low wages.
Unfortunately no government law was put
against this.
Division of Labour: The people that worked in
the factories were given specific tasks suiting
their skills and expertise, this division of labour
was useful in producing good quality goods.
Rise of Middle Class: The Industrial Revolution
resulted in the rise of a new class known as the
middle class. This class came in between the
capitalists and the working class. It consisted of
workers, managers, clerks, accountants, etc.
Factory System of Production: Large-scale
production using machines marked a departure
from the old system of domestic manufacturing.
The factory system immediately replaced the
domestic system of production.
