Types and Construction of Arches
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ScribdTranslationsTypes and Construction of Arches
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ScribdTranslationsVisual Education
3rd cycle
ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-2016
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Architecturally, an Arch is made up of three elements: two pillars
verticals and a horizontal beam.
In many cases, the beam and columns are replaced by curved structures of
various configurations.
Arch opening at the base.
Arrow - height of the arc, drawn from a perpendicular to the base.
The different types of arches
The Roman Arch is a semicircle.
Arch widely used by the Romans in their stone constructions: bridges, aqueducts, triumphal arches,
spas, basilikas, etc.
In the Middle Ages, the pointed arch allowed for the elevation of the arch's curve, simultaneously enabling better support for the structure.
loads to which they were subjected. In Gothic architecture, we will find the use of this arch in the monuments, imparting-
the characteristics of verticality.
Construction of a Perfect Gothic Arch
TakethemeasureofthegapAB.
Center of the compass at point A and the opening to point B, we draw an arc.
to the right; centered at point B, open up to point A. We draw the arc that ...
find with the first at vertex V.
Exercícios
On an A4 sheet, make a 1 cm margin and carry out the following drawings.
1. Given the Span AB = 5cm, draw an arc in a perfect ogive.
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Construction of a Shortened Gothic Arch
The ogive is shortened when its arrow is smaller than the span.
Otherwise, the warhead will be called elongated.
The ends of the span are joined to vertex V. The segments AV and BV are divided.
to the midpoint and extend the medians to C1 and C2, and these are the centers of
two curves of the ogive.
2. Construct a pointed arch with a span AB=6cm and the rise.
CV=5 cm.
Construction of a Reversed Arch (given the data)
go and the arrow.
The points AVeBV are joined. One of those distances is divided in half, and
divide the lower half in half.
The second bisector is extended to point C1. C1 is joined to T1.
it extends upwards, finding the point C2 on an axis parallel to the base.
The points C1 and C2, as well as their symmetrics C3 and C4, are the centers of
curves of the counter-curved arch.
3. Build a reverse-curved arch, given the span AB= 6cm and the rise CV=
8cm.
With the evolution of the construction processes of arches, their shape has changed, giving rise to
new architectural and decorative styles.
At the end of the Middle Ages, the backward-leaning or pointed arch emerged, marking the end of the Gothic style and was also used
by Manueline architecture.
Construction of a Cantilever Arch (given only the span).
The span AB is divided in half. With center at C1, we draw a semi-
circumference.
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We divide, always with the same opening of the compass, we place the center,
in this order, at points E and F, obtaining point V, then with center at V,
we find the points C2 and C3, and through them we close the arc (through the
arcs that connect points VE and VF.
4. Construct a reverse curved arch, given the span AB = 6cm.
With the decline of Gothic art, there was a return to horizontality, which is a characteristic of classical art. Thus, with the
concerned with reviving the ideals of classical culture in the Renaissance period, the architects sought new forms,
one of them being the lowered arch, imparting characteristics of horizontality to the constructions.
The lowered arc corresponds to half of an oval with two given axes.
Construction of a Flattened Arch (given the span and the rise)
1. Given the line segment AB, find its perpendicular bisector. From point D mark
the height of the arrow, (point C).
2. Connect point C to A and B.
3. With center at D, draw an arc that ends at the perpendicular bisector (point E). With center at
C is the opening until E to trace a 'semi-circle' to the line segments AC.
the CB.
The points F and G are located.
4. Find the perpendicular bisector of the segments AF and BG, which extend until they meet
midline that divides the segment AB (point O1 is found).
5. Where this line intersects segment AB, we have points O2 and O3.
6. With center at O1 and opening up to C, we trace the 1st part of the arc.
7. With centers at O2 and O3, the arc is closed.
5. Build a Flattened Arch, given the span AB= 8cm and the rise DC=2.5cm.
Good job!
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