Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)
Division of Leyte
ASUNCION S. MELGAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
POBLACION ZON II, CAPOOCAN, LEYTE

SUMMATIVE TEST IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name: _______________________________________ Grade & Section: ____________ Date: __________

I. Read each item below. Choose and write the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct answer on the space provided before
the number. Kindly, NO ERASURE.

1] A design that measures the degree of association between two or more variables without manipulating them
is a:
A. Experimental design
B. Quasi-experimental design
C. Correlational design
D. Descriptive design
2] Which term refers to the entire group of individuals or cases that a researcher is interested in studying?
A. Target Group
B. Sample
C. Population
D. Respondent
3] The difference between a True Experimental Design and a Quasi-Experimental Design lies in the absence of:
A. An intervention
B. A control group
C. Random assignment of participants
D. A post-test measure
4] The degree to which an instrument produces consistent results when used repeatedly under similar conditions
is called:
A. Validity
B. Objectivity
C. Accuracy
D. Reliability
5] What procedure must be obtained from participants to ensure they willingly and knowingly agree to take part
in the study?
A. Ethical Approval
B. Data Encoding
C. Informed Consent
D. Debriefing
6] What is the statistical test used to determine the significance of the linear relationship between two continuous
variables?
A. Chi-square
B. Independent t-test
C. ANOVA
D. Pearson’s r
7] The statement that asserts there is no statistically significant relationship or difference between variables is
the:
A. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Working Hypothesis
C. Null Hypothesis
D. Research Question
 8] In experimental research, what is the specific treatment or program applied to the participants to see if it causes
a change?
A. Variable
B. Placebo
C. Intervention
D. Confound
9] In hypothesis testing, what does a high p-value (p>0.05) signify?
A. There is a strong relationship between the variables
B. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted
C. The observed data are likely if the null hypothesis is true
D. The research is fundamentally flawed
10] Why is a Descriptive Design chosen when a researcher wants to determine the current status or characteristics
of a specific population?
A. It determines cause-and-effect
B. It compares pre- and post-intervention scores
C. It seeks to accurately portray existing variables
D. It predicts future outcomes
11] A researcher collected pre-test and post-test scores from the same group of participants after an intervention.
Which statistical test should be used to analyze the difference?
A. Independent Samples t-test
B. Chi-square Test
D. ANOVA
C. Paired Samples t-test
12] In the data collection process, ethical clearance must be secured before any interaction with human subjects
primarily to:
A. Validate the research instrument
B. Simplify the data analysis
D. Ensure the use of inferential statistics
C. Protect the rights and welfare of the participants
13] What type of quantitative research design is characterized by random assignment and manipulation of an
independent variable?
A. Descriptive
B. Correlational
C. Causal - Comparative
D. True Experimental
14] A study found a correlation of r=−0.75 (p<0.01) between hours of sleep and stress levels. This result implies
that:
A. More sleep causes less stress
B. Stress levels cause a reduction in sleep
C. As hours of sleep increase, stress levels tend to decrease significantly
D. There is a weak, non-significant relationship
15] What is the primary difference between collecting data through a structured interview versus a survey
questionnaire?
A. Interviews are only for descriptive studies
B. Questionnaires gather richer, qualitative data
C. Interviews allow for probing and clarification of responses
D. Only interviews require informed consent
16] A study used volunteer sampling for a survey on social media addiction. The result showed a high mean score
for addiction. The most likely analysis of this sample is that the findings are:
A. Highly generalizable due to participant willingness
B. Reliable but invalid
C. Unrelated to the sampling method
D. Biased because highly addicted individuals are more likely to volunteer
17] A researcher rejects the null hypothesis (H0) when it is actually true. This is an example of which type of
error?
A. Measurement Error
B. Sampling Error
C. Type I Error (α)
D. Type II Error (β)
 18] A study comparing two groups found a mean difference of 5 points, but the p–value was p=0.12. What is the
correct interpretation based on α=0.05?
A. The difference is significant, so reject H0
B. The difference is significant, so accept H0
D. The null hypothesis is definitely true
C. The difference is not statistically significant, so fail to reject H0
19] The primary limitation of using a Convenience Sample is that the findings:
A. Are too complex to analyze
B. Have high internal validity
C. Lack generalizability to the wider population
D. Require a larger sample size
20] A researcher designs a new scale to measure "digital literacy." After a pilot test, two experts criticize it for
lacking questions on mobile technology. What form of validity should the researcher focus on improving?
A. Face Validity
B. Content Validity
C. Criterion Validity
D. Construct Validity
21] A study seeks to predict students' final exam scores based on the number of hours they spent studying. Which
statistical technique should be used?
A. Independent t-test
B. ANOVA
D. Chi-square test
C. Simple Linear Regression
22] In a scale with a Cronbach's Alpha of α=0.52, a researcher proceeds with data collection. How does this low
reliability most likely affect the statistical analysis?
A. It will increase the risk of Type I error
B. It will make the data normally distributed
C. It will inflate the measurement error and obscure true relationships
D. It guarantees a non-significant result
23] The main purpose of a control group in an experimental study is to:
A. Receive a weaker form of the intervention
B. Be excluded from the post-test
C. Provide a baseline for comparison with the treatment group
D. Receive the treatment after the study is complete
24] Why would a researcher choose Stratified Random Sampling over Simple Random Sampling?
A. To ensure the sample is easily accessible
B. To eliminate the need for a sampling frame
D. To use a purely judgmental selection method
C. To guarantee proportional representation of key subgroups
25] Which data collection instrument is typically composed of a fixed set of questions designed to gather
information from a large group of people?
A. Observational Guide
B. Interview Protocol
C. Focus Group Guide
D. Survey Questionnaire
26] A study aims to compare the academic performance of students from four different departments. Which
statistical technique is the most appropriate choice to justify the analysis of differences?
A. Independent t-test (used three times)
B. Pearson r correlation
D. Simple Linear Regression
C. One-way ANOVA
27] A researcher is studying the relationship between Internet Usage (hours/week) and Test Anxiety (scale score).
Which set of hypotheses correctly frames the bivariate test?
A. H0: There is no significant correlation between Internet Usage and Test Anxiety. Ha: There is a significant
correlation between Internet Usage and Test Anxiety.
B. H0: Internet Usage is equal to Test Anxiety. Ha: Internet Usage is not equal to Test Anxiety.
C. H0: The mean of Internet Usage is 0. Ha: The mean of Test Anxiety is not 0.
D. H0: Internet Usage causes Test Anxiety. Ha: Test Anxiety causes Internet Usage.
 28] A data collector consistently records observations that match the expected outcome of the intervention, even
when contradictory evidence is present. This flaw in the data collection procedure is an example of:
A. Ethical violation
B. Observer Bias
C. Sampling Error
D. Type II Error
29] Which measure of central tendency is the least affected by extreme scores (outliers) in a skewed dataset?
A. Mean
B. Mode
C. Median
D. Standard Deviation
30] The type of validity that refers to whether an instrument appears to be measuring the intended construct is
known as:
A. Construct Validity
B. Face Validity
C. Criterion Validity
D. Content Validity
31] If a researcher wants to compare the mean scores of three different groups on a continuous variable, the most
appropriate test to control for Type I error would be:
A. Three separate independent t-tests
C. Pearson r correlation
D. Chi-square test
B. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
32] A school has 60% male and 40% female students. If the researcher needs a sample of 150, how many males
should be randomly selected using Stratified Random Sampling?
A. 40
B. 60
D. 100
C. 90
33] A researcher presents a frequency table showing that 80% of respondents agreed with a statement. What is the
most logical inference about the data's distribution?
A. The distribution is negatively skewed
B. The distribution is normal
D. The range of responses is wide
C. The mode and median are likely located at the "Agreed" category
34] When the result of a statistical test is less than the alpha level (e.g., p<0.05), the finding is said to be:
A. Statistically Invalid
C. Practically Meaningful
D. Highly Reliable
B. Statistically Significant
35] A researcher chooses a quasi-experimental design over a true experimental design. The most critical factor
contributing to this choice is likely the impossibility of:
A. Measuring the outcome variable
B. Describing the intervention
D. Collecting post-test data
C. Randomly assigning participants to groups
36] A researcher needs to measure the construct of "Academic Procrastination." Which is the best way to create
an operational measure for this variable?
A. Ask students to describe their study habits in an essay
B. Simply record their final grade in a course
D. Count the number of times a student misses class
C. Create a scale measuring agreement with statements like "I often delay starting assignments until the last
minute"
37] A researcher has data showing the frequency of students' preferred learning modes (Modular, Online, Face-to-
Face). Which is the best way to visually present this data?
A. Scatter Plot
B. Line Graph
D. Histogram
C. Pie Chart or Bar Chart
 38] A researcher justifies a 50-item scale's validity by claiming, "It looks right, so it must be valid." A reviewer
should evaluate this justification as:
A. Acceptable, as it satisfies criterion validity
B. Strong, as Face Validity is the most important type
D. Valid, provided the Cronbach's Alpha is high
C. Weak, as Face Validity is the least rigorous form of validation
39] Before administering the main survey, a researcher conducts a trial with a small group of participants to check
for clarity. What is this process called?
A. Final Sampling
B. Pilot Testing
C. Data Screening
D. Instrument Revalidation
40] Cronbach's Alpha (α) is used to measure which specific type of reliability?
A. Test-retest reliability
B. Inter-rater reliability
D. Equivalence reliability
C. Internal consistency reliability
41] Which type of analysis is limited to examining the relationship or difference between exactly two variables?
A. Descriptive Analysis
B. Multivariate Analysis
D. Univariate Analysis
C. Bivariate Analysis
42] Before the main data collection, a written Data Collection Procedure is crucial because it ensures:
A. Data analysis is simplified
B. The results are guaranteed to be significant
D. The null hypothesis is immediately rejected
C. Standardization and uniformity in how data are gathered
43] A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among discrete categories is known as a:
A. Scatter Plot
B. Line Graph
D. Histogram
C. Bar Chart
44] Test-retest reliability is an indicator of:
A. How well the instrument's items relate to each other
C. How completely the instrument covers the construct
D. The consistency among different observers
B. The stability of the scores over time
45] A study aims to test if Method A causes higher student engagement than Method B. Which design is most
appropriate?
A. Correlational
B. Descriptive
C. Survey
D. Experimental
46] A line graph showing a consistently steep decline from the first data point to the last would be interpreted as
a ____ trend over time.
A. Fluctuating
B. Stable
D. Strong positive
C. Strong negative
47] Which non-probability sampling technique involves selecting participants based on the researcher’s judgment
about who will provide the most useful information?
A. Systematic Sampling
B. Quota Sampling
C. Sampling
D. Purposive Sampling
48] When administering a standardized achievement test, what must a researcher primarily focus on to ensure
accurate data collection?
A. Offering incentives to test-takers
B. Adjusting the time limit for different groups
D. Calculating the test's Cronbach's Alpha
C. Strictly adhering to the test’s standardized administration protocol
 49] During the data collection phase, a researcher discovers that a few respondents missed several items on the
questionnaire. The immediate next step should be to:
A. Discard the entire set of data
B. Impute the missing values
D. Change the sampling procedure
C. Follow the pre-planned protocol for handling incomplete instruments
50] A correlation between two variables is found to be r=0.20 (p<0.01). When evaluating the finding, what is the
best description?
A. A strong, statistically significant relationship
C. A strong, non-significant relationship
D. A relationship that is both statistically and practically significant
B. A weak, but statistically significant relationship

Prepared by:
IVY LUZ D. LAGERA
Science Teacher II

Reviewed by: Approved:

ROBERTO T. LIPASANA ROLAND A. ALJIBE

_____________________________ _______________________________
Name & Signature of Learner Name & Signature of Parent/Guardian

REMEMBER: The Exam is Just Part of Your Master Plan TO SUCCESS.

“Trust yourself; you know more than you think you do.”
*Benjamin Spock

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*Henry Ford

Address: Poblacion Zone II, Capoocan, Leyte