MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Electronic & Communication Engineering
COURSE NO: EECE-208 (Electronics Circuit & Simulation Lab)
EXPT. NO-01
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS USING OP-AMP
OBJECTIVE
Any kind of mathematical operations can be done using OP-AMP. In this experiment only three
i.e. addition, differentiation and integration operations will be performed.
THEORY
The property of infinite impedance and infinite gain of an operational amplifier results in a
situation of zero voltage between the two input terminals. The effect is known as a virtual ground.
Due to this effect, the op-amp can be used to perform some mathematical operations.
Addition: Using the concept of inverting amplifier, the op-amp can be used as an adder
(actually inverting adder ) to sum up some input signals. In Fig.1 the output of the op-amp is
V0 = - ( E1 + E2 )
Fig. 1 Adder circuit
APPARATUS
Trainer board 1uf electrolytic Capacitor .04μF ceramic capacitor
OP-AMP (741) 1 Oscilloscope
Resistance 10kΩ , 1kΩ
1
Integration and Differentiation: The circuit in Fig. 2 acts as an integrator where the output
voltage is given as:
Fig. 2 Integrator circuit
Similarly, the circuit in Fig. 3 acts as a differentiator and the output voltage is given as:
i
f=50-60 Hz
1kΩ
i
vi
v0
1 µF
Fig. 3 Differentiator circuit
PROCEDURE
1. Implement the adder circuit as shown in Fig.1. Apply the supply voltages as +12V and -
12V at pin no. 7 and 4 respectively. Apply the input voltages E1= 2V, E2= 3V and measure the
output voltage.
2. Implement the integrator circuit as in Fig. 2.
3. Apply a sinusoidal & square waveform of 5-volt p-p in the input. Observe the output.
4. Implement the differentiator circuit in Fig. 3.
5. Repeat steps 3
REPORT
1. Draw the input and output waveforms of the integrator and differentiator circuit.
2. Design a circuit which will take two inputs v1(t) and v2(t); producing an output of v0(t) =
0.5v1(t) +20⌠v2(t)dt.
2
MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Electronic & Communication Engineering
COURSE NO : EECE-208 (Electronics Circuit & Simulation Lab)
EXPT. NO.02
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Determining the Frequency response curve of Low pass &
High Pass filter using OP-Amp.
Low pass filter: Low pass filter can only pass the signal with the frequency that is lower than a
specific cut off frequency.
A low pass filter is shown in fig-3, where Vo is taken from two terminal of C,
R
Vi V0
Fig-3
.........................................(ii)
C2
R1
Vi V0
R R
C1
Low pass Filter Characteristic curve
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Figure: Low pass filter
Procedure: (For Low Pass Filter)
1. Construct the circuit as shown in figure 2
2. Apply 10V p-p sine wave to Vi, and just the frequency to the range 100Hz~ 15KHz .
3. Use oscilloscope to measure the waveform at Vo (OUT), then record in Table-(A)
4. Plot the frequency response curve with gains corresponding to frequencies
Experiment Result
Vi f 100 200 400 600 1k 2k 3k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 15k
Vo(p-
p)
Av
Table-A
High pass filter:
High pass Filter can only pass the signal with the frequency that is higher then a specific cut off
frequency.
A high pass filter is shown in fig -1 , where, Vo is taken from two terminal of R
C
Vi V0
Fig-1
.................................................(i)
From equation - (1) we can understand that the smaller XC will result in the higher Vo. since
and the higher f will result in smaller XC, higher output can be obtained in the high
frequency range .
Fig-2(a), shows a high pass amplifier incorporating Op-Amp. The expected characteristic curve
of Av Corresponding to BW for the overall circuit is shown in fig-2(b)
R2
R3
Vi C C
V0
R1
can be calculated from the equation
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Figure: High pass filter
Procedure: (For High pass Filter)
(1) Construct act the circuit as shown in fig 1
(2) Connect the signal generator and oscilloscope to the input terminal. then adjust the output
of the signal generator to 10Vp-p sine wave, and adjust the frequency from 100HZ to 15 KHZ.
(3) Use oscilloscope to measure the waveform at the output terminal (Vo), then record in
Table – (A)
(4) Plot the frequency response curve with gains corresponding to frequencies.
Experiment Result
Vi f 100 200 400 600 1k 2k 3k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 15k
Vo(p-p)
Av
Report:
1. Plot the frequency response curve for low pass filter from the experiment result.
2. Plot the frequency response curve for high pass filter from the experiment result.
3. Design a second order high pass filter at a cut off frequency of 1kHz.
4. Design a second order low pass filter at a cut off frequency of 1.2 kHz.
MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of electrical electronic and communication engineering
COURSE NO : EECE 208 (Electronics Circuit & Simulation Lab)
EXPT. NO.03
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STUDY OF WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
OBJECTIVE
An oscillator circuit in which a balanced bridge is used as the feedback network is the Wien bridge
oscillator. The objective of this experiment is to study the operation of the Wien bridge.
EQUIPMENT
1. OPAMP 741 1 piece
133595664. Trainer Board
1 unit
133595712. Regulated power
supply 1 unit
133595760. Oscilloscope
1 unit
133595808. Resistor 100k,
10k 2 pieces each
20K, 20K (POT) 1 piece each
6. Capacitor 0.1µF 2 pieces
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Vo=-(V1+V2+V3)
F=1/2πRc (Theoretically) When R2/R1 >2
1
Case 1: For R=100K
1) Show stable Vo
2) Draw Vo from Oscilloscope.
3) Calculate f from oscilloscope & compare with theoretically
Case 2: For each case R=10K
4) Show stable Vo
5) Draw Vo From Oscilloscope.
6) Calculate f from oscilloscope & compare with theoretically
PROCEDURE
1) Set up the circuit as shown in the Fig.
2) Connect the oscilloscope lead to the output of the amplifier. Adjust the potentiometer in
order to obtain a sinusoidal waveform which is just maintained. Measure the ratio of R2/R1
and frequency of oscillation.
3) Theoretically the frequency of oscillation is given by f = 1/2πRC (here R=100K) .The
oscillation is maintained when R2/R1 ratio is approximately 2. Notice that if R2 is made
appreciably greater than 2R1 a square wave oscillation is produced and if R2 is made less than
2R1 oscillation decays and ceases.
4 ) Replace the resistor R with 10k. Repeat step 2.
OP AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT MODULE (5):
PROCEDURE:
1. Use KL 23017 Op Amplifier circuit module (5) (block b).
133595904. Connect short
circuit clip as shown in figure 2
133595952. Take output from
terminal 6.
133596000. Very VR3 to get
sinusoidal Oscillation.
2
Fig-2
REPORT
1) Compare the observed frequency with the theoretical one.
133596048) Draw the output
wave shape.
133596096) Describe the
significance of R2/R1 ratio.
133596144) What are the
methods of changing frequency of Wien bridge oscillator.
