MATERIALS STRENGTH I 59

PRACTICEN°3H
:YPERSTATICPROBLEMS
1. In the assembly shown in the figure, it is With a by
applied diameter of 1/12 in. If it is known that the effort
medium of rigid plates central compression forces of permissible for aluminum (E=10.4x106psi) is 14 ksi and
40 kips at both ends. If it is known that Eac= 29 X 106psi that the allowable stress for steel (E=29x106psi) is from
and Eto the10.1 times 106psi, determine a) the normal stresses in 18 ksi, determine the maximum load P that can be applied.
the steel core and in the aluminum shell, b) the
assembly deformation.

707.6N
σac-116.3 MPa;σaL-40.7 MPa. 6. Two cylindrical rods, one made of steel and the other of brass are
The 1.5 m concrete pole is reinforced with six bars. unen enCy are restricted by rigid supports inAy in
made of steel, one with a diameter of 28 mm. If it is known that Ea= E. For the shown load and knowing that Ea= 200 GPa y
200 GPa and Ec=25GPa. Determine the normal stresses in EL=105 GPa, determine a) the reactions in Ay at E, b) the
the steel and in the concrete when a load is applied to the pole deflection of point C.
axial center P of 1550 kN.

RA=62.8kN;RE=37.2kN;δC46.3um→
7.
Revisit the previous problem, and now suppose that the rod
This is made of brass and the rod is made of
steel.
67,1MPa; 8,38MPa RA45.5 kN; RE54.5 kNδC=48.8um→
3. For the pole of the previous problem, determine 8. A thesteelloadtube (E=29x106psi) with an outer diameter of
maximum central that can be applied if the normal stress 1¼ in. and a wall thickness of 1/8 in. is placed in a
permissible is 160 MPa in steel and 18 MPa in the press that adjusts in such a way that its jaws barely
concrete. (P=3330 kN) Touch the ends of the tube without applying pressure on them.
Then, the two forces shown are applied to the tube.
3 steel rods (E=200 GPa) support a load P After the application of these forces, the press adjusts
36 kN. Each of the rods A, B, and C has an area of to reduce the distance between its jaws by 0.008 in.
cross section of 200 mm2and the rod has an area Determine a) the forces exerted by the press on the tube
cross section of 625 mm . Ignoring the
2
at the end, b) the change in length in the portion BC of the
deformation of the rod determines the change of tube.
length in the rodEFyb) the stress in each rod.

RA=58.6kN;RD=50.6kN;δBC=39.2x10-3mm
9. The A-36 steel column, which has a cross-sectional area of
18 inches2, it is embedded in high strength concrete like
0.0762mm;38.1MPa
it is shown. If an axial load of 60 klb is applied to the
Three wires are used to suspend the plate that is column, determine the average compression stress in the
shown in the figure. Aluminum wires are used in Ay concrete and in steel. How much does the column shorten? The
with a diameter of 1/8 in. and uses steel wire in The column has an original height of 8 feet.

Lic. Carlos E. Joo García – APPLIED PHYSICS

60 MATERIALS STRENGTH

fixed before being loaded, determine the reaction in the

walls when subjected to the shown load.

Fc=4.80kN;FA11.2 kN

15. The composite bar consists of a steel segment AB A-

36 of 20 mm in diameter and with extreme segments DA and CB
10. The A-36 steel column is embedded in high-strength concrete. C83400 bronze with a diameter of 50 mm. Determine the
resistance as shown in the figure above. If you average normal effort in each segment due to the
apply an axial load of 60 klb to the column. determine the applied load.
required steel area so that the force is σAD=55 MPa;σAB134 MPa.σBC80.4 MPa.
equally shared between steel and concrete. How much
Does the column shorten? The column has an original height16.
of The composite bar consists of a segment AB made of steel A-
8 feet (18.2 inches)20.00545 in.
36 of 20 mm in diameter and extreme segments DA and CB
A steel tube is filled with concrete and subjected to a C83400 bronze with a diameter of 50 mm. Determine the
compression force of 80 kN. Determine the stress in the displacement of A with respect to B due to the applied load.
concrete and in the steel due to this load. The tube has a
outer diameter of 80 mm and an inner diameter of 70 mm.
Eac = 200 GPa. Ec = 24 GPa.

δA/B0.335mm
17. The central post B of the set has an original length of
124.7 mm, while posts A and C have a length
of 125 mm. If the top and bottom covers are considered rigid,
determine the average normal stress on each post. The
48.8MPa; 5.85 MPa Posts are made of aluminum and each one has an area.
12. A concrete column is reinforced by means of four cross-section of 400 mm². Eal = 70 GPa.
reinforcement steel bars, each one 18 mm of
diameter. Determine the stress in the concrete and in the steel
if the column is subjected to an axial load of 800 kN. Eac
= 200 GPa, Ec = 25 GPa. (R:65.9MPa; 8.24MPa)
13. The column is constructed with high-strength concrete and
four A-36 steel reinforcement bars. If it is subjected to
an axial force of 800 kN. determine the required diameter
for each rod so that a quarter of the load is
supported by steel and three quarters by concrete.
Eac = 200 GPa, Ec = 25 GPa. (R:33.9mm)

18. The distributed load is supported by three bars of

suspension. AB and EF are made of aluminum and CD is
made of steel. If each bar has a cross-sectional area of
450 mm2, determine the maximum intensity w of the load
distributed in such a way that it does not exceed a permissible effort
180 MPa in steel and 94 MPa in aluminum. Eac = 200
GPa, £Eal = 70 GPa.

14. The A-36 steel pipe has an exterior radius of 20 mm and a

interior radius of 15 mm. If it fits snugly between the walls

Lic. Carlos E. Joo G.

 MATERIALS STRENGTH I 61

normals induced in the AB and BC sections by a

temperature rise of 90°F, b) the deflection
corresponding to point B.

19. The beam is hinged at A and supported by two bars.

aluminum; each bar has a diameter of 1 inch and a modulus
of elasticity Eal = 10(103) klb/pulg2. If it is supposed that the 24. Go back to the previous problem, and now assume that the portion
the beam is rigid and initially horizontal, determine the The composite rod is made of steel and that the
displacement of end B when applied to it portion BC is made of brass.
a load of 5 klb. 25. Two steel bars (Ea=200 GPa, αa=11.7x10-6/°C) is
20. The bar is hinged at A and is supported by two rods. they are used to reinforce a brass bar (EL=105 GPa,
made of aluminum, each with a diameter of 1 inch and modulus of
αL=20.9x10-6(°C) that is subjected to a load P=25 kN.
elasticity Eal = 10(103) klb/pulg2. If it is assumed that the bar When the steel bars were manufactured, the distance between
it is rigid and initially in a horizontal position, the centers of the holes that were to fit into the
determine the force in each bar when the load is applied The fasteners were reduced by 0.5 mm in relation to the 2 m that were
of 5 kg. they needed. Therefore, the steel bars were placed in a
oven to increase its length, in order to
they will adjust the laces. After this process, the
the temperature of the steel bars was reduced to the temperature
environment. Determine a) the increase in temperature that
made it possible for the steel bar to fit to the
fasteners, b) the stress on the brass bar after
apply the load on it.

THERMAL EFFECTS
21. A rod that consists of two cylindrical portions AB and BC
is restricted at both ends. The portion AB is
steel (Ea=200 GPa, αa11.7X10-6/°C), and the BC portion is
made of brass (EL=105 GPa, αL=20.9X10-6/°C). If it is known
that the rod is initially without stress,
Determine the induced compression force in ABC when
the temperature rises 50°C.

21.4°C;3.68MPa
26. Determine the maximum load P that can be applied to the bar
of the previous problem 2.55, if the allowable stress in the
the steel bars is 30 MPa and the permissible stress in the
brass bar is 25 MPa. (5.70 MPa).
27. A brass link (El=105 GPa,αl20.9x10-6/°C) and a
steel bar (Ea= 200 GPa, αa = 11.7x10-6°C) to a
temperature of 20°C has the dimensions shown
142.6 kN in the figure. The steel rod is cooled until it fits with
22. A steel rail track (Ea=29x106psi, αa6.5 times 10- freedom in the brass link. The temperature of everything
6It was laid out at a temperature of 30°F. Determine the The assembly then heats up to 45°C. Determine a) the stress
normal effort on the rails when the temperature reaches final in the steel rod, b) the final length of the rod
125°F, if the rails a) are welded to form a track steel.
continues, b) they are 39 ft in length with separations of
1/4in. between them. (-124MPa; -24MPa)
23. A rod made of two cylindrical portions AB and BC is
restricted at both ends. The AB portion is made of brass
(EL15 times 106psi, αL11.6x10-6(°F) and the BC portion is made of steel
(Ea=29x106psi, αa=6.5x10-6(°F). If it is known that the rod is
initially without stresses, determine a) the stresses

Lic. Carlos E. Joo García – APPLIED PHYSICS

62 MATERIALS STRENGTH

the press each have a diameter of 10 mm and barely

they tighten the cylinder with negligible force against the
rigid heads, determine the force on the cylinder when the
temperature rises to T2= 130 °C. (904N)
33. The cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm is made of
magnesium Am 1004-T61 and is placed in the press when the
temperature is T1= 15 °C. If the stainless steel bolts
304 of the press each have a diameter of 10 mm and
they just press the cylinder with negligible force against the
rigid heads, determine the temperature at which the
average normal effort in aluminum or in steel results
28. If it is known that there is a separation of 0.02 in. when be 12the
MPa (244 °C)
temperatures of 75°F, determine a) the temperature at which
the normal stress of the aluminum bar will be equal to -11 ksi,
b) the exact corresponding length of the aluminum bar.

34. The set consists of a 2014-T6 aluminum cylinder

outer diameter of 200 mm and inner diameter of 150 mm
together with a solid inner concentric magnesium cylinder
Am 1004-T61 with a diameter of 125 mm. If the grip force
the force on bolts AB and CD is 4 kN when the temperature is
T1= 16 °C, determine the force in the bolts when the
the temperature rises to T2= 48 °C. Assume that the bolts and the
29. From the previous exercise, determine a) the compression headers
forceareinrigid. (598kN)
the bars shown after a lift in the
temperature of 180°F, b) the corresponding change in the
length of the bronze bar.
30. Three bars made of different materials are
connected to each other and situated between two walls when the
temperature is T1= 12 °C. Determine the force exerted on
the supports (rigid) when the temperature is T218 °C.
The properties of the material and the area of the section
The transversal of each bar is given in the figure.

A rigid bar with a weight W = 750 lb hangs from three wires.

equally spaced, two made of steel and one made of aluminum
(see the figure). The diameter of the wires is 1/8 in.
Before applying the load, the three wires had the same
length. What increase in temperature ΔT in the three
wires will result in all the load being supported
the steel wires? (Assume Es = 30 × 106psiαs =
4.20 kN
6.5 times 10-6/°F andαa = 12 × 10-6(R:185°F)
The composite bar has the diameters and materials
indicated. It is supported between the fixed supports when the
temperature is T170 °F. Determine the normal stress
average in each material when the temperature is T2=
110 °F.

A steel bar with a diameter of 15 mm is held.

firmly (but without initial efforts) between two walls
2.46 ksi; 5.52 ksi; 22.1 ksi.
rigid due to the configuration shown in the figure. (For
32. The cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm is made of magnesium.
I used the steel barα = 12 × 10-6/°C and E = 200 GPa.) (a)
1004-T61 is placed in the press when the temperature is
Calculate the temperature drop ΔT (degrees Celsius) at which
T1= 20 °C. If the stainless steel 304 bolts of the
the average shear stress in the 12 mm bolt

Lic. Carlos E. Joo G.

 MATERIALS STRENGTH I 63

The diameter is 45 MPa. (b) What are the support stresses? respectively? (b) If while the load P is acting, it increases
average in the bolt and the fork at A and the washer (d)w20 the temperature of the two wires at 180°F, what are the
mm) and the wall (t = 18 mm) at B? T forcesAy TB? (c) What additional increase in the
Will the temperature cause wire B to loosen?

37. Rectangular bars of copper and aluminum are held by

clamps at their ends, as shown in the figure.
Thin spacers provide a separation between
the bars. The copper bars have dimensions
transversals 0.5 in × 2.0 in and the aluminum bar has
dimensions 1.0 in × 2.0 in. Determine the shear stress in
the 7/16 in diameter pins if the temperature
increases by 100°F. (For copper, Ec = 18,000 ksi andαc=
9.5 times 10-6/°F; for aluminum, Ea = 10,000 ksi and αa = 13 ×
106/°F).

GROUP E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 OPC
(τ15.0 ksi
1 1 27
38. A rigid bar ABCD is articulated at point A and 2 3 25
supported by two cables at points B and C (see the 3 5 23
(figure). The cable at B has a nominal diameter dB = 12 mm and 4 7 21
the cable in C has a nominal diameter dC= 20 mm. A one 5 9 19
Load P acts at the end D of the bar. What is the load? 6 11 22
permissible P if the temperature increases by 60°C and is required 7 12 24
8 10 26
that each cable has a safety factor of at least 5
9 8 28
against its last load? (Note: the cables have modules of 10 6 21
effective elasticity E = 140 GPa and the coefficient of 11 4 23
thermal expansionα 12 times 10-6/°C. Other properties of the 12 2 25
Cables can be found in table 2.1 of section 2.2.) 13 13 27
14 15 29
15 17 32
16 19 34
17 20 36
18 18 38
19 16 31
20 14 33
21 1 39
22 2 38
23 3 37
Pperm=39.5 kN 24 4 36
39. A rigid triangular frame is hinged at C and is supported 25 5 35
by two identical wires at points A and B (see the 26 6 34
27 7 33
figure). Each wire has an axial stiffness EA= 120 k and a
28 8 32
thermal expansion coefficientα = 12.5 × 10-6/°F. (a) If a 29 9 31
Vertical load P = 500 lb acts at point D, what are the 30 10 30
tension forces TAy TBin wires A and B,

Lic. Carlos E. Joo García - APPLIED PHYSICS