LJ UNIVERSITY

LJ INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
SEMESTER: IV

Subject Name: Medicinal Chemistry-I

Subject Code: BP403TP

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure, chemistry and therapeutic value of
drugs. The subject emphasizes on structure activity relationships of drugs, importance of physicochemical properties and
metabolism of drugs. The syllabus also emphasizes on chemical synthesis of important drugs under each class.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

1. Familiarize with introduction, history and development of medicinal chemistry, drug metabolism and understand
the physicochemical properties related to biological activity.
2. Understand structure, chemistry and SAR of autonomic nervous system including Adrenergic Neurotransmitters,
Sympathomimetic agents and Adrenergic Antagonists.
3. Attribute concepts of Cholinergic neurotransmitters, Parasympathomimetic agents and Cholinergic Blocking
agents.
4. Familiarize with mechanism of action, SAR, therapeutic uses of Drugs acting on Central Nervous System which
includes Sedatives and Hypnotics, Antipsychotics and Anticonvulsants.
5. Summarize mechanism of action, SAR, therapeutic uses of General anesthetics, Narcotic and non-narcotic
analgesics, Narcotic antagonists and Anti-inflammatory agents.
Teaching scheme and examination scheme:

Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme

Theory Practical
Theory Tutorial Practical Total
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 6 75 25 35 15

Sr. No. Course Contents Hours

1.1 Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
History and development of medicinal chemistry
1.2 Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action
Ionization, Solubility, Partition Coefficient, Hydrogen bonding, Protein binding, Chelation,
1 10
Bioisosterism, Optical and Geometrical isomerism.
1.3 Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism principles- Phase I and Phase II.
Factors affecting drug metabolism including stereo chemical aspects.
2.1 Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System Adrenergic Neurotransmitters:
Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine.
Adrenergic receptors (Alpha & Beta) and their distribution.
2.2 Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents
Direct acting: Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine*, Dopamine,
Methyldopa, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Salbutamol*, Bitolterol,
2 10
Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline.
Indirect acting agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine, Propylhexedrine.
Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol.
2.3 Adrenergic Antagonists:
Alpha adrenergic blockers: Tolazoline*, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin,
Dihydroergotamine, Methysergide.
 Beta adrenergic blockers: SAR of beta blockers, Propranolol*, Metibranolol, Atenolol,
Betazolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Labetolol, Carvedilol.
3.1 Cholinergic neurotransmitters:
Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine.
Cholinergic receptors (Muscarinic & Nicotinic) and their distribution.
3.2 Parasympathomimetic agents: SAR of Parasympathomimetic agents
Direct acting agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol*, Bethanechol, Methacholine, Pilocarpine.
Indirect acting/ Cholinesterase inhibitors (Reversible & Irreversible): Physostigmine,
Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium chloride, Tacrine hydrochloride, Ambenonium
chloride, Isofluorphate, Echothiophate iodide, Parathione, Malathion.
3 10
Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime chloride.
3.3 Cholinergic Blocking agents: SAR of cholinolytic agents
Solanaceous alkaloids and analogues: Atropine sulphate, Hyoscyamine sulphate,
Scopolamine hydrobromide, Homatropine hydrobromide, Ipratropium bromide*.
Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate hydrochloride, Clidinium
bromide, Dicyclomine hydrochloride*, Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline bromide, Propantheline
bromide, Benztropine mesylate, Orphenadrine citrate, Biperidine hydrochloride, Procyclidine
hydrochloride*, Tridihexethyl chloride, Isopropamide iodide, Ethopropazine hydrochloride.
4. Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
4.1 Sedatives and Hypnotics:
Benzodiazepines: SAR of Benzodiazepines, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam*, Oxazepam,
Chlorazepate, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Zolpidem
Barbiturtes: SAR of barbiturates, Barbital*, Phenobarbital, Mephobarbital, Amobarbital,
Butabarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital
Miscelleneous:
Amides & imides: Glutethmide.
Alcohol & their carbamate derivatives: Meprobomate, Ethchlorvynol. Aldehyde & their
derivatives: Triclofos sodium, Paraldehyde.
4.2 Antipsychotics
Phenothiazeines: SAR of Phenothiazeines - Promazine hydrochloride, Chlorpromazine
hydrochloride*, Triflupromazine, Thioridazine hydrochloride, Piperacetazine hydrochloride,
4 Prochlorperazine maleate, Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. 08
Ring Analogues of Phenothiazeines: Chlorprothixene, Thiothixene, Loxapine succinate,
Clozapine.
Fluro buterophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol, Risperidone. SAR of Buterophenones
Beta amino ketones: Molindone hydrochloride.
Benzamides: Sulpieride.
4.3 Anticonvulsants: SAR of Anticonvulsants, mechanism of anticonvulsant action
Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Methabarbital.
Hydantoins: Phenytoin*, Mephenytoin, Ethotoin
Oxazolidine diones: Trimethadione, Paramethadione
Succinimides: Phensuximide, Methsuximide, Ethosuximide*
Urea and monoacylureas: Phenacemide, Carbamazepine*
Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam
Miscellaneous: Primidone, Valproic acid, Gabapentin, Felbamate
5. Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
5.1 Anti-parkinson: Levodopa*
5.2 Alzheimer’s Disease
5.3 Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics
Morphine and related drugs: SAR of Morphine analogues, Morphine sulphate, Codeine,
Meperidine hydrochloride, Anilerdine hydrochloride, Diphenoxylate hydrochloride,
5 07
Loperamide hydrochloride, Fentanyl citrate*, Methadone hydrochloride*, Propoxyphene
hydrochloride, Pentazocine, Levorphanol tartarate.
Narcotic antagonists: Nalorphine hydrochloride, Levallorphan tartarate, Naloxone
hydrochloride.
Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Mefenamic acid*, Meclofenamate,
Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepriac, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen,
 Piroxicam, Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone.
Total Hours 45

Practical
1. Preparation of drugs/ intermediates
1. 1,3-pyrazole
2. Benzimidazole
3. Benztriazole
4. 2,3- diphenyl quinoxaline
5. Phenytoin
6. Aspirin
7. Methyl salicylate
2. Assay of drugs
1. Chlorpromazine
2. Atropine
3. Ibuprofen
4. Aspirin
5. Furosemide
3. Determination of Partition coefficient for any two drugs
4. To perform thin layer Chromatography
Recommended Books:
1. Wilson and Giswold’s Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
2. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
3. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams
5. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
6. Martindale’s extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1-5.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia
[Link] book of practical organic chemistry – A. I. Vogel