Department of Computer Science

Course Code: CSC-101 L

Course Title: Introduction to Computing
Fall 2025
Lab 07
To demonstrate basic features of Packet Tracer

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 UIT University
Department of Computer Science
CSC101 L - Introduction to Computing
Lab 07

Instructions
State the instruction that student needs to follow for performing the example and exercises.
Some sample instructions are given below which can be altered as needed
E.g.
 Come to the lab in time. Students who are late more than 15 minutes, will not be
allowed to attend the lab.
 Students have to perform the examples and exercises by themselves.
 Raise your hand if you face any difficulty in understanding and solving the examples
or exercises.
 Lab work must be submitted on or before the submission date.

1. Objective

The purpose of this lab is to increase awareness about Packet Tracer.

2. Lab Description
I. IP Address: -
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique number given to each device (like a computer, laptop, or
phone) in a network so that data knows where to go.
Just like you need a home address for receiving letters, devices need an IP address to receive information
(like a web page, email, or file).

Types:
 IPv4: The most common format, written as four numbers separated by dots (e.g., [Link]).
Each number can be from 0 to 255.
 IPv6: A newer format because IPv4 addresses are running out. It looks longer and uses letters
as well (e.g., [Link]).

Example:
 PC1 → [Link]
 PC2 → [Link]

II. MAC Address: -

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a permanent, unique code built into the Network Interface Card
(NIC) of your device. Unlike an IP (which you can change), a MAC address is fixed and unchangeable for
that device.
Written as 6 pairs of characters (numbers and letters), e.g., [Link].
MAC addresses are used to identify devices inside a local network. For example, in a classroom Wi-Fi,
every student’s laptop has its own MAC address.

Example:
 PC1 → MAC = [Link]
 PC2 → MAC = [Link]
III. Gateway: -
A Gateway is a device (usually a router) that connects your local network (like your home Wi-Fi) to other
networks (like the Internet).
Without a gateway, devices can only talk to each other inside the same local network but cannot go
outside. The gateway works as a translator between your local network and the outside world.

Example:
 Default Gateway = [Link] (router address).
 PC1 ([Link]) sends data → goes to gateway (router) → forwards data to Internet.

IV. PING: -
PING stands for Packet Internet Groper. It is a simple tool that helps us check if one computer can
communicate with another computer over a network.
When you “ping” a device, your computer sends small packets of data to it and waits for a reply. If the reply
comes back, the connection works fine. If not, the device is unreachable.

Syntax & Examples:

 ping [Link] → checks if you can reach Google.
 ping [Link] → checks if PC1 can talk to PC2 using IP.
 ping -n 5 [Link] → sends 5 ping requests.
 ping -a [Link] → tries to find the domain name of the IP address.

Uses of PING:
 Test if two PCs are connected.
 Check if Internet is working.
 Diagnose network issues.

V. Packet Tracer: -
Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulator. That means it’s a software tool where you can build a computer
network without buying real devices like routers, switches, or cables.
You can drag-and-drop devices (like PCs, routers, and switches) into the workspace and connect them
virtually with cables.
It shows you a pictorial view (images of devices) so you can easily understand what’s happening.
You can also send packets (small pieces of data) between devices and watch them travel.

A. Modes of Packet Tracer: -

Packet Tracer has two ways (modes) to run a network:

Real-Time Mode:
 In this mode, the network works instantly, just like real hardware.
 If you connect two PCs and set IP addresses, you can immediately test connectivity using
PING.
 Best for quick practice.
 Example: You ping PC1 from PC2 and immediately see the reply (like in the real Internet).

Simulation Mode:
 In this mode, you can pause time and watch how data (packets) move step by step.
 You can see which layers (from the OSI model) are being used when sending data.

 Best for learning how networks actually work inside.

  Example: You send a ping in simulation mode → you can watch how the packet leaves
PC1, travels through a switch, reaches the router, and then comes to PC2.

Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulator. That means it’s a software tool where you can build a computer
net

At the bottom there is a list of devices which you can select. Drag n drop devices on
to the main working area.

Above screen shows two PCs selected for

interconnection. List of some of the icons are shown:
Press the right most icons this icon is of “Connections” you will see different options like
straight, cross-over or fiber if you don’t know the type of connection that will be used then
simply select “Automatically Choose connection type” this will be the first option you will see
after selecting “connections”.

Between similar devices if connection needs to be done then type of wire used is
“Copper Cross Over”. Select type of wire using mouse and click on PC0 then Click
it again on PC1 your connection will establish.

A screen will open. Look at the top of this screen and you will see three tabs.

Now, Click Desktop

Now click Command Prompt.

At command prompt type “ipconfig” to see IP address of PC

If all fields are Null then exit this window and go to “IP Configuration” Tab shown below
Do the same for PC1.
Set IP and Default Gateway [Link]
Now use PING command to check connection.
 3. Lab Task

LAB TASK: -
1. Differentiate between IP and MAC address
2. Take two PCs, connect them with suitable wire and also describe the reason of
selection of wire. Assign them IP addresses and check their connectivity by using PING
command. (Use Packet tracer for this task).
3. Design and configure the network given in the figure below and check the connectivity
by PING command. Also describe the functionality of HUB device in given scenario.

4. Consider the following figure. The PC is connected to the console port of the switch. All
the other connections are made through Fast Ethernet links. Which types of UTP cables
can be used with segment 1, 2 and 3?

Network plan

 PC1: connected to Router1 (R1)

o PC1 IP: [Link] / Mask [Link]
o Default Gateway: [Link]
o R1 side of this LAN: [Link]
 PC2: connected to Router2 (R2)
o PC2 IP: [Link] / Mask [Link]
o Default Gateway: [Link]
o R2 side of this LAN: [Link]
 R1 <> R2 link (router-to-router)
o Use network [Link]/30
o R1 IP on link: [Link]
o R2 IP on link: [Link]
Router 1:
R1> enable
R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# interface FastEthernet0/0
R1(config-if)# description to-PC1-LAN
R1(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface FastEthernet0/1
R1(config-if)# description to-R2
R1(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
R1(config)# end
R1# write memory

What it does:
 Sets R1 LAN port to [Link].
 Sets router-to-router port to [Link]/30.
 Adds a static route telling R1 how to reach the [Link] network: send via [Link] (R2).

Router 2 :
R2> enable
R2# configure terminal
R2(config)# interface FastEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)# description to-PC2-LAN
R2(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)# description to-R1
R2(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
R2(config)# end
R2# write memory

What this does

 Sets R2 LAN port to [Link].
 Sets router-to-router port to [Link]/30.
 Adds a static route telling R2 how to reach [Link]: send via [Link] (R1).

On each router CLI type:

1. show ip interface brief: shows interfaces and IPs, and if they are up/up.
2. show ip route: shows routing table (should include static route to the other LAN).
Test the network

1. Ping R1 from PC1

o On PC0 → Desktop → Command Prompt:
o ping [Link]
o Expected: replies. If not, check PC IP, gateway, and cable.
2. Ping R2 from R1
o On R1 CLI:
o ping [Link]
o Expected: replies. If not, check the router-to-router cable and no shutdown.
3. Ping PC2 from PC1 (full test)
o On PC0 Command Prompt:
o ping [Link]
o Expected: Reply from [Link] — this means PC1 → R1 → R2 → PC2
works.

If ping fails at step 3 but earlier pings worked, it’s likely a routing problem — check static
routes on both routers (show ip route).