Presented by: Priya
Presented To: Dr. Meenakshi Nandal
Title and slide content layout
❖ Introduction to disaster management
❖ Disaster management cycle
❖ Type of disaster
❖ Examples of disaster
Cyclone
Earthquake
Forest Fires
❖ Control and Prevention measure
❖ Challenges in disaster Management
❖ Conclusion
Introduction To Disaster
Management
Meaning:
Disaster Management is the process of preparing for, responding to, and
recovering from natural or human-made disasters to reduce loss of life,property
and environment.
Key Terms:
❏ Hazard: A possible danger (like floods,earthquakes).
❏ Vulnerability: How much people or areas can be affected.
❏ Risk: Chance that a hazard will cause damage.
❏ Capacity/Resilience: Ability to cope and recover.
Disaster Management Cycle
Meaning:
The disaster management cycle shows the continuous process of reducing disaster risks, preparing for emergencies,responding quickly,and recovering after a
disaster.
● fi. Mitigation (Before Disaster)
● Reduce or prevent disaster impacts
● Examples: Safe buildings,flood control,land-use planning
● 2. Preparedness (Before Disaster)
● Get ready to respond
● Examples: Warning systems, training , mock drills
● 3. Response (During Disaster)
● Immediate help to save lives and property Examples : Rescue,medical aid,relief camps
● 4. Recovery (After Disaster)
● Rebuild and restore normal life
● Examples: Reconstruct houses, restore livelihoods
●
It’s a continuous process
Recovery— leads to better Mitigation and Preparedness for the next disaster.
Types of Disasters
Disasters can be broadly classified based on their origin -
natural or [Link]’s a detailed breakdown :
★ Natural Disasters
★ Human-Made Disasters
★ Complex or hybrid Disasters.
Natural Disasters
These occur due to natural processes of the Earth. They can be further
categorized as:
a. Geophysical Disasters
● Earthquakes
● Volcanoes
● Tsunamis
● Landslides
● Avalanches
b.
●
Meteorological Disasters
Cyclones, Hurricanes, Typhoons
● Tornadoes
● Storms and Thunderstorms
● Extreme heat waves or cold waves
c.
●
Hydrological Disasters
Floods
● Droughts
● Glacial lake outburst floods
d.
●
Biological Disasters
Epidemics and Pandemics
● Insect infestations
e.
●
Extraterrestrial Disasters
Asteroid impacts
● Solar flares
Human-Made
(Anthropogenic)Disasters
These result from Human actions or negligence.
a. Industrial and Technological Disasters
● Chemical spills
● Nuclear accidents
● Factory explosions
b. Transport Disasters
● Train derailments
● Plane crashes
● Shipwrecks
c. Social and Political Disasters
● Wars and armed conflicts
● Terrorist attacks
● Riots and civil unrest
d. Environmental Degradation
● Deforestation leading to flood or soil erosion
● Oil spills
● Urban fires
Complex or Hybrid Disaster
Definition:
A complex or hybrid disaster occurs when a natural event triggers, amplifies or interacts
with human vulnerabilities or when human activities exacerbate a natural hazard.
Key Characteristics:
● Involves both natural and human-made causes
● Often leads to cascading effects
● Harder to predict and manage than single-cause disaster
Example:
● Floods caused by dam failure
● Wildfires due to human negligence during droughts
● Landslides due to deforestation.
Now we Discuss some Disasters:-
fi. Cyclones:-
A cyclone is a powerful,destructive natural disaster characterized by large,rotating storm systems than form over warm oceans .
Key Points -
● Origin- Over tropical oceans
● Rotation- Counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere , clockwise in the southern hemisphere
● Formation- Formed over warm oceans water (above 26 degree celsius)
● Energy derived from ocean evaporation and condensation.
Types Of Cyclones-
● Tropical cyclones- Form over tropical oceans (eg. Indian Ocean)
● Extratropical Cyclones- Form outside the tropics.
● Examples- Cyclones Amphan (2020),Cyclone Fani(2019)
Cyclone management and control
● Early warning system by IMD ( India
Meteorological department)
● Evacuation Plans and cyclone shelters
● Mangrove Plantation to reduce coastal erosion
● Post disaster relief and rehabilitation programs.
Earthquake
An earthquake is a sudden shaking or vibration of the earth’s surface caused
by the movement of Tectonic plates beneath the earth’s crust . It happen
when stress builds up along faults (crack’s in the earth’s crust ) and is
suddenly released as seismic waves , which travel through the ground and
cause the surface to shake.
Causes:-
➔ Movement of tectonic plates
➔ Volcanic activities
➔ Human induced causes like mining, dam construction or nuclear testing.
Control and management Measures
fi. Preparedness-
● Earthquake drills and public awareness programs.
● Creating emergency plans and early warning systems.
● Storing emergency supplies (food,water,medical kits)
2. Mitigation-
● Seismic zoning maps to identify high risk areas.
● Earthquake-resistant construction.
● Strict building codes and land use planning in seismic zones.
3. Response -
● Rapid rescue and relief operations
● Development of trained teams (like NDRF in India)
4. Recovery-
● Rebuilding homes and infrastructure using improved designs
● Long-term monitoring and research on fault lines
Forest-Fires
A Forest fire (or wildfire ) is an uncontrolled burning of
trees ,shrubs and other vegetation in forests or
grasslands . It occur when dry conditions, high
temperature and wind combine to ignite vegetation
-either naturally (like lightning) or by human activities
such as campfires, burning waste or negligence
Control and prevention measures:-
fi. Prevention-
● Creation of fire lines (gaps of vegetation to stop fire spread
● Controlled or prescribed burning to reduce dry fuel
● Public awareness programs on fire safety
2. Detection and Monitoring -
● Use of satellite remote sensing and early warning systems.
● Watch towers and forest petrol for quick detection.
3. Fire Suppression-
● Firefighting teams using water sprays ,soil and chemical retardants.
● Aerial firefighting using helicopters and aircrafts
4. Post-fire rehabilitation-
● Reforestation and afforestation programs
● Soil stabilization and erosion control measures.
● Monitoring regrowth and restoring ecosystems.
Challenges in Disaster Management
1. Lack of preparedness and awareness :- many communities are unaware of
disaster risks and safety measures.
2. Poor coordination among agencies:- multiple departments (govt. , NGO’s ,local
bodies) often work separately.
3. Inadequate infrastructure and resources:- shortage of shelters, medical
facilities , weak transport and communication networks.
4. Rapid urbanizations and population growth:- over crowded cities are more
vulnerable to earthquakes
Conclusion
Disaster management plays a vital role in protecting lives, property and the
environment from natural hazards like cyclones,earthquakes and forest fires.
➔ Effective management requires preparedness , early warning system, quick
response and active community participation.
➔ Although challenges such as poor coordination , lack of resources and
climate change remain , technology , education and sustainable planning
can greatly reduce disaster risks.
