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Understanding Slater's Rule and Z-eff

The document explains Slater's Rule for calculating the effective nuclear charge (Z-eff) experienced by electrons in an atom. It outlines the steps for determining the shielding constant (S) based on electron configurations and provides a specific example for calculating Z-eff for a 2p electron in fluorine. The document emphasizes the contributions of different electron groups to the shielding effect.

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42 views13 pages

Understanding Slater's Rule and Z-eff

The document explains Slater's Rule for calculating the effective nuclear charge (Z-eff) experienced by electrons in an atom. It outlines the steps for determining the shielding constant (S) based on electron configurations and provides a specific example for calculating Z-eff for a 2p electron in fluorine. The document emphasizes the contributions of different electron groups to the shielding effect.

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Dr. Santosh
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:SLATERS RULE:

DR. SANTOSH PASWAN


ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
MMM PG COLLEGE
BHATPARRANI DEORIA
Dr. SANTOSH PASWAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Effective nuclear charge (Z-eff)
.
It is the net charge an electron experiences in an atom with multiple electrons.

The core electrons are generally closer to the nucleus than valence electrons and
they are considered to ‘shield’ the valence electrons from the full electrostatic
attraction of the nucleus.

Effective nuclear charge (Zeffe )can be calculated as


Zeffe=Z –S
Where, Z= No. of protons in nucleus (atomic no.)
S =Shielding constant i.e. No. of electrons present in inner shells.

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Slater’s Rule:
•Step 1: Write the electron configuration of the atom in the following form:
• (1s) (2s, 2p) (3s, 3p) (3d) (4s, 4p) (4d) (4f) (5s, 5p) . . .
Step 2: For an electron considered in a group of s, p electrons the shielding
constant (S) is the sum "the following contributions: .
(a) No contribution for electrons in groups beyond the one considered.
(b) An amount of 0.35 for each electron in the group considered (except in
1s group where 0.30 is used instead of-0.35.
(c) An amount of 0.85 for each electron in the next inner shell (n-1).
(d) An amount of 1.00 for each of all other inner shell electrons.
Step 3: For an electron considered in d or f group, rules 2a and 2b apply as
such; however-rules 2c and2d are replaced with the rule that all other
electrons lying to the left of dor fgroup contribute 1.00 each.
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What is the Zeff for a 2p electron in F?
Solution

Step 1: Write out the electronic configuration of the element


•Electron configuration for F: 1s22s22p5
•Slater’s Groupings: (1s)2 (2s 2p)7
Step 2: Calculating S for a particular electron in an ns or np orbital
S = (6 * 0.35) + (2 * 0.85) = 3.8
Z_{eff} = 9 – 3.8 = 5.2
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