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Determining Rydberg Constant with Helium

The document outlines an experiment to determine the Rydberg Constant using a Helium source and a diffraction grating. It includes theoretical background on energy transitions of electrons, the necessary apparatus, and a detailed procedure for data collection and analysis. Experimental results are to be recorded in tables, and a graph is to be plotted to derive the wavelength and subsequently calculate the Rydberg Constant.

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maitrayee.guharoy
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71 views4 pages

Determining Rydberg Constant with Helium

The document outlines an experiment to determine the Rydberg Constant using a Helium source and a diffraction grating. It includes theoretical background on energy transitions of electrons, the necessary apparatus, and a detailed procedure for data collection and analysis. Experimental results are to be recorded in tables, and a graph is to be plotted to derive the wavelength and subsequently calculate the Rydberg Constant.

Uploaded by

maitrayee.guharoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Rydberg Constant

AIM: To determine the Rydberg Constant using Helium source

THEORY: When an electron jumps from an orbit of quantum number n2 to an orbit of quantum
number n1, the difference of energies in the two orbits is radiated in the form of electromagnetic
radiation of energy hν. Now,

En2 – En1 = hν

Where

h is Planck’s constant
m is the mass of the electron
e is the charge of an electron
ν is the frequency of the radiation
εo is the permittivity of vacuum

or,

WORKING FORMULA:

For Helium red,


Rydberg constant

where, λ is the wavelength of He red which is determined by plane transmission diffraction


grating.
When light is incident normally on a plane transmission diffraction grating, for 1st order principal
maxima
sinθ = Nλ
where, N is no. of rulings/cm. of the grating, θ is the angle of diffraction corresponding to 1st
order principal maxima.
Sinθ vs. λ curve will be a straight line passing through origin. From the graph, λ is determined.
APPARATUS:

1.​ Spectrometer
2.​ Grating
3.​ Helium discharge tube
The Scale

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:

Reading for the vernier constant of the spectrometer

1 smallest main scale division (msd) = …


60 v.s.d = 59 m.s.d
1 ’’ = 59/60 msd

1 V.C = 1 m.s.d. – 1 v.s.d


= (1-59/60) m.s.d
= (1/60) × m.s.d
=……

Table I : Data for Sin θ - λ curve for first order​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Vern
ier Reading for
No. st
Reading for the 1 order direct position of the Angle of Mean sinθ
Colour Of Line diffracted image telescope diffraction θ
with θ
Wavelength Main Vernier Total Main Vernier Total (a~c) or
( Å) Scale Scale Scale Scale (b~d)

Red 1 c Ver 1 a
2 d
Yellow 1 c
5876 2 d
Green 1 c
5016 2 d
Bluish Green 1 c Ver 2 b
4922 2 d
Blue 1 c
4713 2 d
Violet 1 c
4471 2 d

Table II: Determination of wavelength of unknown radiation and hence calculation of Rydberg
Constant ​
Wavelength (λ) RH (cm-1)
From graph ( cm )

Show Calculation:​ ​ = ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​

DISCUSSIONS:

1.​ The slit should be made very narrow to increase the brightness of the diffracted images.

2.​ The source position should be so adjusted as to make the diffracted images on both sides of the
central one equally bright.

3.​ The rays must fall on the grating surface normally, otherwise the working formula is not valid.
4.​ Also Read:

PROCEDURE

1.​ Take reading from both the verniers for central bright image.

2.​ Move the telescope either to the left or right of the central image and coincide the junction of the
crosswires with the centre of the distinctly visible bright [Link] the readings from the two
verniers for the colors mentioned in table II.

3.​ Draw a graph with sinθ along y-axis and λ along x-axis. The graph will be a straight line passing
through the origin.

4.​ Determine the value of the wavelength of red from the graph.

5.​ Hence from the working formula calculate RH.


NATURE OF THE GRAPH

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