Access the newest edition of Practical Data

Science Cookbook Data pre processing analysis and

visualization using R and Python Prabhanjan Tattar
– complete downloadable copy.

https://textbookfull.com/product/practical-data-science-cookbook-
data-pre-processing-analysis-and-visualization-using-r-and-python-
prabhanjan-tattar/

If the link above fails to open, search for it directly in your

browser:
textbookfull.com/?p=24571

★★★★★ 4.6/5.0 (1606 reviews) ✓ 238 downloads Customer Favorites

"Fantastic resource, thank you!" - Robert W.

textbookfull.com

Instant PDF Download

Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
The text on this page is estimated to be only 6.70%
accurate

The true fortmicture. of QlCHjLKD ~WHITIW&TON fhn, of

Land on a verhwus and Acidly juanjitll oftjojd'Wdrks land tlicfc^..
the, Gatt of London calledNewcgatc. which bcfor: \\lv a mi/rr.iHc
dowi^ 'WJntJnfjtvn ColUd^c drnudc itanMmofc hot^firjtoore people
Als& he bnildeda greattjwrtF off hqjjjinillo/- S*J±ardiolomewcs in
tyeJtsmimfteldinLondonJ&aJfe bnildcd tlie beanti full Lib rar\ • //A i'
Cn\n •friers inLonJc, called Cht'iitcs Ho faitnll -4.1JP lie buildcd~tlie
GriiildcILiflc Clurpc!! and uicrt\il. \Liii ettac of tfte fated halleibejtdc
num- otkef/feotl t^wcrkes •
The text on this page is estimated to be only 27.99%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 161 764 AT WHITINGTONS

CAT — A cat walking, in the field. JRev. IN LONG LANE . [16J57— In
the field, i. M. M. The tradition of Whittington's cat has served to
amuse and delight the childhood of many many thousands ; nor is it
possible in more adult years to shake off the delusion cherished and
imbibed in our youthful dreams. Still, it has no reality ; it is a
pleasing fiction, so agreeable to our better feelings, so happy in its
believed results, that regret is excited when it happens not to be
true. Sir Richard Whittington, thrice lord mayor of London, in the
years 1397, 1406, and 1419, was born in 1360, the son of Sir
William Whittington, knight, and dame Joan his wife. He was
therefore not a poor boy ; and the story of his halting, a tired
justifiable runaway, and resting on a stone at Holloway, while Bow
bells merrily sounded to his hearing, " Turn again Whittington, thrice
lord mayor of London !" has no other origin than a flourish of fancy
created by some poetical brain. He was a mercer, amassed great
wealth, and served the office of sheriff in 1393, but is not known to
have been a merchant adventurer. He lent large sums to King Henry
the Fifth, for advancing the war against France, was knighted by that
monarch, and died in 1425. The only fact in the story is the
circumstance that the maiden name of Sir Richard's wife was Alice
Fitzwarren ; all else is falsified history. The historians of the fifteenth
century are altogether silent as to the superlative value of puss. The
Whittington's Head, as a sign, has not occurred to the writer,
probably on account of his having while mayor in 1419-20, entered
on a sort of crusade against the ale-sellers, and fined them so
heavily, that in the Brewers' records of the following year, they
minute, " in consequence of the grievances and great charges
imposed on the brewers by Richard Whytingdon, all the year of his
mayoralty, they declined making feasts or breakfasts, or to provide
for their yearly livery." Early in the reign of King James the First,
Reginald Elstracke engraved a portrait of Sir Richard Whittington, his
right hand resting on a skull, according to the religious notions of
the age ; in this state it is of great rarity and price. At the sale of the
Delabere collection of portraits, March 29th, 1811, an impression in
that state was purchased by the elder Manson, for ten guineas.
Peter Stent, a printseller in Pye-corner, who died of the plague on
Michaelmas-day, 1665, on obtaining the plate, altered it according to
the received tradition, and transformed the skull into a cat. The
impression now presented to the reader is from the ORIGINAL
COPPER PLATE, and is proffered as some atonement on the part of
the writer, for the graceless attempt to dissolve the baseless fabric of
a vision, the legend of Whittington and his cat. " Sir Richard
Whittington's advancement ; being an historical account of his
education, unexpected fortune, and charity," is parcel of the ballad
lore of a bygone age*. The earliest notice of Whittington the writer
has seen occurs in the first scene of the fourth act of Eastward Hoe,
printed in 1605 ; where Touchstone assures Golding he hopes to see
him reckoned one of the worthies of the city of London, " when the
famous fable of Whittington and his puss shall be forgotten." That
further mention was current among contemporary writers, in
accordance Ballads, edited by Thomas Evans, edit. 1777, duod., vol.
i. p. 292. M
The text on this page is estimated to be only 26.19%
accurate

162 LONDON TRADERS, TAVERN, with the tradition, cannot

be doubted, as is evidenced by that of Henry Parrott, in his Springes
for Woodcocks, 1613 : " 'Tis said that Whittington was raised of
nought, And by a cat hath divers wonders wrought." Taylor the
water poet, in his Motto, printed in 1621, 8vo, while noticing his
avoidance of care, observes — " For long agoe I doe remember that
There was a proverb, ' care will kill a cat.' And it is said, a cat 's a
wond'rous beast, And that she hath in her nine lives at least ; And
sure if any cat this care should shun It was the famous cat of
Whittington ; For whom was giv'n a ship rich fraught with ware, And
for a lucky pusse like that, / care." 765 MATHIAS SHELDRAKE — In
the field, a sugar-loaf. Rev. IN LONG LANE — A tobacco-roll, in the
field. 766 ROBART WILDBORE AT Y^ — A harp, in the field. Rev. IN
LONG LANE — In the field, R. M. w. 767 CHRISTOPHER MILLER —
Stag's head and antlers, in field. Rev. YE HORNES . LONGE LANE —
In the field, C. E. M. 768 RAINBIRD DVGDALE — In the field, HIS
HALFE PENY. Rev. AT YE — Wheatsheaf, in the field, IN LONGE
LANE. Dugdale was a mealman or corn-chandler ; another of the
same family or name was located at that period in Fleet lane ; see
No. 479. 769 THOMAS MORTON IN — In the field, a grasshopper.
Rev. LONG LANE. HIS HALF PENY — T. M. M. 1666. The Grasshopper
is a frequent sign among grocers, who adopt it in a supposed
compliment to Sir Thomas Gresham, founder of the Royal Exchange,
the vane of that edifice being also formerly a grasshopper. Sir
Thomas however was a mercer, not a grocer. The grasshopper was
the original family crest of the Greshams, and appears on the seals
of James Gresham, great-grandfather of Sir Thomas, affixed to
letters addressed by him from London, to Sir John Paston, in 1449,
and other years ; the motto, FOETVNE AMES. The sign of Sir
Thomas Gresham's house in Lombard street, used by him as a
banker, was a grasshopper. The site of the house is now occupied by
that of Messrs Martin, Stone, and Company. Some grocers have
recently in encomiastic verse eulogised the excellence of their wares
; with them the grasshopper would be an appropriate sign ; the
Chinese having a notion that the soul of a poet passes into a
grasshopper, they giving as a reason, because that insect sings till it
starves.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.92%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 163 LOTHBURY. 770

THOMAS BROWNE. OYLE: — Weavers Company arms, in field. Rev.
SHOP. LOTHBVRY — T. M. B., in monogram. 771 MICHAEL WOLRICH
— The Prince's plume or feathers. Rev. IN LOATHBVRY. 1656 — In
the field, M. w. The Feathers tavern was situated immediately
opposite the end of Tokenhouse yard. Subsequently it gave name to
Prince's court, the site of which is now within the walls of the Bank
of England. 772 AT THE WEST CVNTRY COFFEE — In the field, I. S.
Rev. HOVSE IN LOTHEBVRY — A hand pouring coffee. The only
trader's token in the far-famed Earl of Pembroke's cabinet. See
Nicolo Francis Haym's Numismata Pembrochiana, part iv. pi. 21.
LUDGATE HILL. 773 AT YE s. IOHNS HEAD — Baptist's head, in a
charger. Rev. ON LVDGATE HILL .1649 — In the field, M. M. N.
Among the steward's items of expenses incurred by and disbursed
for Sir John Howard, are noticed, "February 12th, 1464-5. Item,.
paid at the Sayn Johns hede, at Lodgate, for wyne, xcZ." Again,
under February 6th, 1466-7 : " Item, my mastyr paid fore costes at
the taverne at Lodgate, whane my lord of Oxenford soped there,
blank." Later, Machin, in his Diary, July, 1559, mentions the suicide
of " a haberdasher dwelling against the St. John's head, at Ludgate."
In all catholic countries the head of the Baptist has long been
venerated as a precious relique ; and the saint's head has been
amazingly multiplied, almost as numerously as the sign-boards, for
the gratification of believers in such absurdities. The abbot Villeloin,
in his memoirs, remarks that the head of St. John the Baptist was
saluted by him at Amiens ; he adds, that it was the fifth or sixth he
had had the honour to kiss. 774 RICHARD HAWKINS AT THE —
Three tuns; Vintners' arms. Rev. TAVERNE ON LVDGATE HILL — R.
H. in monogram. LUDGATE STREET. 775 HENRY PAINE LVDGATE —
Initials, in the field, H. A. P. Rev. AT THE DOGG TAVERN — A dog,
collar and chain. The site of the Dog tavern, from a parcel of deeds
in the writer's possession, is shown to have been within Ludgate,
now called Ludgate street, and " in or M 2
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.27%
accurate

164 LONDON TRADERS. near Ave Maria lane." The

property, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, appears to have belonged
to the Hulson family, severally described as goldsmiths and
scriveners. In February, 1608, Dionysia Partridge, widow, some time
wife of John Hulson deceased, held it by a life interest, the reversion
after her death having been purchased by John Fabian of
Westminster, gent. ; he, on the 16th of that month, sold his
reversionary right for 1602., to Richard Graves, haberdasher. The
messuage is described as being some time known by the name or
sign of the Castle, and some time by the sign of the Bell, then
occupied by — Bell, a tailor ; and some time before that, was a
tavern, known by the sign of the Queen's Arms, in the tenure of one
— Harris, or Harrison, vintner ; and some time in the several tenures
of Matthew Pehell, alias Peele, barber-surgeon, Richard Oliffe,
clothworker, and John Crooke, gent., or their assignees. Richard
Graves was deceased, 1632, 8th of Charles I., as by an inquisition in
that year it was found that he had held the said messuage in free
burgage of the city of London ; and it became the property of his
son and heir Richard Graves, of Lincoln's Inn, esq., and of Helen his
wife, who subsequently leased the same to Henry Hothersall,
vintner, for twenty-one years, at 402. per annum, by indenture dated
July 7th, 1649 ; that term commencing from the feast of the nativity
of St. John the Baptist last past. By a deed of sale dated October
10th, 1654, Richard Graves* and Helen his wife sold the said
messuage or tenement, then described as " now or late in the
tenure or occupation of Henry Hothersall, vintner, and now used,
with other rooms thereto adjoyning, parcel of the possessions and
holden by lease of the company of Stationers, for a tavern,
commonly called or known by the name or sign of the Talbot, or the
Dog tavern ;" to Martin Dallison, of Haringay, alias •Hornsey,
gentleman, subject to the aforesaid lease, but relinquishing all claim
to accruing rent, for 6002. Martin Dallison of Hammersmith, gent.,
his son and heir, held it by descent in September, 1666, when in the
great conflagration the Dog tavern was wholly destroyed. In March,
1671, Dallison disposed of the site (the consideration does not
appear) to William Williams, of St. Clement Danes, glazier, by whom
the Dog tavern was rebuilt. The land measurement now first
appears, and is thus estimated ; from north to south twenty -nine
feet, and from west to east twenty-eight feet four inches ; having
also another piece of ground on the south annexed, heretofore used
as a court-yard, extending from north to south twelve feet, and from
west to east seventeen feet four inches. Subsequent deeds show the
heirs of Williams to have bee.n possessors for very short periods ; in
fact, wealth acquired towards the evening of life affords but too
frequently a brief space of enjoyment. Of this Richard Graves,
bencher and reader of Lincoln's Inn, clerk of the peace, and
receiver-general for the county of Middlesex, there is a fine portrait,
engraved by Vertue. He was twice married, and by his two wives had
issue nineteen children, six sons and thirteen daughters. He died in
1669, aged 59. Helen, his wife, who attests this deed, and was
doubtless a person of some wealth and consideration, could not
write, and has only affixed an H as her mark. That her namesake
Ellen or Eleanor Gwynne could not write, and in similar
circumstances could only affix her initials, will not cause much
surprise ; only, here Mrs. Graves's affixture is evidently formed by
using a pen, while Nelly's, in the deeds the writer has seen in Gray's
Inn, relative to her house in Pall Mall, has all the roughness of
having been traced by a wooden skewer.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 26.53%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 165 MAID LANE, Southwark.

Maid lane appears to have derived its name from Jacob Meade, a
waterman and landowner, who, shortly after the destruction of the
Globe (Shakespeare's theatre) on the Bankside, June 29th, 1613,
entered into articles of partnership with Philip Henslowe, for the
converting of the Paris Garden bear-baiting house into a theatre, for
scenic representations. When Henslowe's interest in Paris Garden
ceased has not been ascertained ; but Jacob Meade, described as of
St. Saviour's parish, waterman, was sent for by warrant from the
lords of the privy council, for some matter connected with that
theatre, and on August 26th, 1620, gave sureties, himself for 100Z.,
and two others, to appear before the lords at half a day's warning.
776 MICHAELL STEEL AT THE — Wine-pipe and crane? Rev. IN
MAID LANE . SOVTHWARK — HIS HALF PENY. The device on the
obverse indicates a pipe of wine, and apparently the wheel of a
crane with rope attached. Query, a tun with the worm of a still ? 777
ELIZABETH IOYNE AT Y*= — An anchor, in the field. Rev. IN MAIDE
LANE . 1667 — HER HALF PENY. MAIDEN LANE, Wood Street.
Maiden lane was, in 1845, named Gresham street west. 778 AT THE
COCK — In field, a cock. Rev, IN MEADEN LANE — T. E. K., in the
field. 779 GEORGE BARTMAKER AT CAMDEN — A tiled house. Rev.
HOVSE IN MAIDEN LANE . 1668 — HIS HALFE PENY. G. E. B. ST.
MARGARET'S HILL, Southwark. 780 THE BLACK BOY AT MARG. —
Virginian boy smoking. Rev. HILL IN SOVTHWARKE — In the field, H.
p. H. MARK LANE, Fenchurch Street. Stow, in reference to this public
way, in 1598, describes it as " Mart lane, so called of a privilege
sometime enjoyed to keep a mart there, but long since dis 
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.11%
accurate

166 continued, and therefore forgotten, so as nothing

remaineth for memory but the name of Mart lane, and that corruptly
termed Marke lane." Mark lane is described in old records, as " the
narrowe way called Martelane," in the parish of St. Dunstan the
bishop, towards the Tower of London. " The narrow way called Marte
lane, and a tenement called Cokedenhall, standing at the corner on
the east," and a tenement near " the narrow way called
Mengehouslane, " are noticed in a survey of lands and quit-rents
belonging to London Bridge in the fifteenth century. — Harl. MS.
6016. 781 w. PAYNE . TAL . CHANDLER — A man dipping candles. >.
IN MARKE LANE . 1651 — In field, W. M. P. 782 ALEXANDER
STRINGER — Clothworkers Company arms. Rev. IN MARKE LANE .
1666— In field, A. M. s. Mary Stringer issued a token from a coffee-
house in Little Trinity lane, in 1669. Query, was she his widow ? 783
WILLIAM PARKER . 1669 —In field, three tuns. Rev. OYLEMAN IN
MARK LANE — HIS HALF PENY. W. K. P. 784 AT THE FOX AND
GOOSE — Fox bearing off a goose. Rev. AT MARKE LANE END — T.
p. B., in the field. MARKET PLACE, Westminster. The Westminster
hospital occupies the site of the Westminster market. See
Fourdrinier's Map of Westminster, 1761. 785 FRANCIS DORINGTON
IN— A hart lodged, in the field. Rev. MARKET PLACE WESTMINSTER
— In field, F. A. D. Apparently the White Hart. 786 THOMAS
IENN[IN]GS IN— A man dipping candles. Rev. WESTMIN. OR
MAR[KET] LANE— T. E. i., in field. Market lane had reference to his
connection with St. James's market. 787 NICHOLAS REEVE IN YE
MARK? — In the field, a rose. Rev. PLACE IN WESTMINSTER — HIS
HALFE PENY. 1668.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.87%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 167 788 AT THE SO[A]P

BOX IN THE — Barber's soap-box, in field. Rev. M. P. IN
WESTMENESTER — In the field, I. E. T. On a Barber : " Tonsorius
onely lives by cutting haire, And yet he brags that kings to him sit
bare : Methinks he should not brag and boast of it, Since he must
stand to beggars, while they sit." Wit's Recreations, 1663. 789
HENRY WEAVER IN — In the field, a ship sailing. Rev.
WESTMINSTER MARKET — H. s. w., in the field. Market Street, see
ST. JAMES'S MARKET. MAESHALSEY PEISON. 790 IOHN LOWMAN AT
THE — A portclose : I. M. L., above. Rev. MARSHALSEY IN
SOVTHWARK — HIS HALFE PENNY. " The ocean the Suretie-ship
sails in is the spacious Marshal sea ; sometimes she ankers at the
King's-bench, sometimes at the gulph of the Gate-house, sometimes
at the White-lyon creeke, sometimes at Newgate road, sometimes at
Ludgate baye, sometimes at Wood-street harbour, and sometimes at
the Poultrey haven." — Taylor the water poet's Navy of Land Ships.
ST. MAETIN'S-LE-GEAND. Visitants in a prison are thus characterized
by Geflray Mynshull, in 1618 — " They are like the rings and chaines
bought at S. Martines, that weare faire for a little time, but shortly
after will prove alchimy, or rather pure copper." " St. Martin's beades
and bracelets" are noticed by Taylor the water poet, in his Navy of
Land Ships, among the gear of the Lady -ship. 791 THE BLACK
MORES HEAD — A Moor's head, in the field. Rev. IN ST MARTINS
ALDERSG — In the field, E. A. I. Among other regulations effected
by King Edward the First, for the better governance of the city of
London, " no taverner was to keep open his tavern, or to sell wine or
beer, after covrefeu sounds at St. Martin's-le-graund ; but to shut up
his tavern close after such hour, as he will answer to the peace of
the king : and being found guilty to forfeit forty pence the first time ;
and found again, to be amerced half a mark ; and the third time ten
shillings ; and the fourth time to pay the whole pain double, that is,
twenty shillings."
The text on this page is estimated to be only 26.03%
accurate

168 LONDON TRADERS, TAVERN, 792 IN THE BORDET

ENTRY — The Drapers' arms, in field. Rev. IN ST MARTINS LE
GRAND — In the field, w. A. S. By " bordet" is implied the boarded
entry. The armorial insignia of the Drapers Company were obtained
by grant from King Henry the Sixth, in 1439. 793 IOHN CORNE — In
the field, a lady's shoe. Rev. IN MARTINES LE GRAND — I. C. C., in
the field. The west or remaining side of St. Martin's-le-grand,
opposite to the General Post Office, was in the olden time, so early
as the reign of King Henry the Seventh, called Shoemakers' row ;
the particular trades in this scene of extracivic immunity having
formerly had their distinctive quarters. 794 los. WILSON. CHANDLER
— A shoe : and I. M. w. above it. Rev. IN MARTINS LE GRAND —
HIS HALF PEN Y.I 669. ST. MARTIN'S LANE. The tokens inscribed St.
Martin's lane have reference to St. Martin's-le-grand. Markham,
common Serjeant, and John Carpenter, town clerk, in their defence
of the sheriffs' attempt to dissolve the sanctuary of that precinct, in
the time of Henry the Sixth, proved that in the reign of Edward the
Second the main street was then distinguished as the venella, or
common way, called St. Martin's lane. Stow, in 1598, while speaking
of Aldersgate ward, writes " then have ye the main street of this
ward which is called St. Martin's lane, including St. Martin on the
east side thereof, and so down on both the sides to Aldersgate." 795
AT THE BLEW BELL — A bell, in the field. Rev. IN ST. MARTINS LANE
— In the field, I. s. c. Bell court, a passage from Foster lane, leading
out by the Three Tun tavern into St. Martin's-le-grand, vanished in
the general demolition for the new Post Office, in 1818. 796
WILLIAM CARTER — Crown and crossed sceptres, in field. Rev. IN
ST. MARTINS LANE — In the field, w. K. c. 797 GEORGE
GVNTHORPE AT THE — A man dipping candles. Rev. LOWER END
OF ST. MARTINS LANE — HIS HALF PENY. 1667. 798 IOHN
ROBOTTOM AT YE FLEESE — In the field, a fleece. Rev. TAVERN IN
ST. MARTINS LANE — HIS HALFE PENNY. 1667.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.24%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 169 799 WILLIAM WEBB AT

YB COVLT AND — A Colt in a cradle. Rev. CRADLE IN ST. MARTINS
LANE — HIS HALFE PENNY. 1667. ST. MARTIN'S IN THE FIELDS. 800
IOHN LADD IN ST. MARTINS LAN — HIS HALFE PENY. 1667. Rev. IN
YE FEILDES . NEARE CHVRCH — In the field, I. A. L. 801 IAMES
HOPKINS AT YB HARROW IN— A harrow ; 1668. Rev. ST. MARTINS
LANE . IN YE FEILDES — HIS HALFE PENY. I. T. H. ST. MARY-AT-
HILL, Billingsgate. 802 WILL. LAFTON . MEAL — A wheatsheaf, in
the field. Rev. MAN AT ST. MARY HILL — In the field, w. S. L. 803
IOHN HIVE AT THE — Bee-hive, in the field. Rev. ON ST. MARY HILL.
1667 — HIS HALF PENY. I. D. H. 804 THOMAS HVNTE AT Y*= —
The Salters Company arras. Rev. AT ST. MARY HILL — In the field, T.
s. H. 805 EDMOND LAWRENCE — The Fishmongers Company arms.
Rev. ON ST. MARYS HILL — In the field, E. E. L. 806 MARGRET
NORTH AT THE — In field, ship sailing, 1668. Rev. ON S. MARY HILL
— HER HALF PENNY. M. N. Octangular in shape. ST. MARY AXE,
Leadenhall Street. The church dedicated to the Virgin Mary formerly
stood in the street that bears its name, on the north side of
Leadenhall street, and derived the appellation of St. Mary at the Axe,
from a house having that sign near its east end. The parishes of St.
Andrew Undershaffc, and St. Mary, were united in 1565, and the
latter church not being required, it was let for the purposes of
warehouses, when from neglect it became an useless ruin, and was
at length rased to the ground.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 24.85%
accurate

170 LONDON TRADERS, TAVERN, 807 MARY DELL IN — In

the field, a bell. Rev. SEN MARY ACTS . 1657 — M. D., in the field.
ST. MARY MAGDALEN, Old Fish Street. 808 HENRY RICHARDSON AT
THE — Qu. a bear? in the field. Rev. IN MARY MAYDLING COVRT
YARD — HIS HALFE PENY. Octangular in form. The legend on the
reverse is in six lines. Thomas Heywood's English Traveller, 1633,
was " printed by Robert Raworth, dwelling in Old Fish-street, neere
St. Mary Maudlin's church." 809 FRANCIS WOOD AT Y^ —
Commonwealth arms, in field. Rev. IN MARY MAGDLENS — In the
field, F. I. w. Another token issued by John Ward, in New Gravel
lane, and this by Francis Wood, are all that appear to have adopted
the State's arms. THE MAZE, Southwark. Aubrey, noticing the mazes
in imitation of the labyrinths of the ancients, formerly in England,
observes " at Southwarke was a maze, now converted into buildings
bearing that name." — Lansdowne MS. 231, fol. 143 r. 810 MICH.
BLOWER AT YE — A cock, in the field. Rev. MAZE IN SOVTHWORKE
— In the field, M. A. B. MERCEES STREET, Long Acre. 811 THOMAS
LVCKE IN MERCERS — Between two roses, 1666. Rev. STREET .
BREWER . HIS HALFE PENY — T. M. L. ST. MICHAEL'S LANE, Thames
Street. 812 THOMAS NVTT IN MICALS— Object in the field indistinct.
Rev. LANE NEER THE OLD SWAN — HIS HALF PENY. MILE END. 813
HENRY BARTLETT— A dolphin, in the field. Rev. IN MILEND . 1658
— In the field, H. E. B. The dolphin is rendered familiar by the
classical fable of Arion.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.22%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 171 814 GEORGE SMITH IN

— The Weavers Company arms. Rev. MILEND . WEAVER . 1658 — In
the field, G. M. s. 815 IOSEPH ALMOND AT Y^ SHIP — In the field,
a ship. Ee/O. IN MILE END. 1668 — HIS HALF PENY. I. I. A. MILK
STREET, Cheapside. Milk street is memorable in a celebrated
controversy between two noble families, recorded in the Scrope and
Grosvenor Roll. It was also the birth-place of Sir Thomas More, as
Fuller quaintly observes, " the brightest star that ever shone in that
via lactea." The street derived its name from being in ages past a
market for the sale of milk. 816 AT THE BO ARES HEAD — Boar's
head, lemon in mouth. B&O. IN MILKE STREET — In the field, W. S.
I. The boar's head was anciently a sumptuous dish at Christmas and
other public festivities. Queen Margaret, wife to King James the
Fourth of Scotland, at her wedding dinner, was served at the first
course, " within a fayr platter, of a wyld boore's hed gylt." At
Queen's college, Oxford, the boar's head dish is still continued, but
the head is a block of wood neatly carved. Various carols are extant,
which preceded the boar's head as it was borne to the table ; among
them, the following : " Caput apri defero, JRedd&ns laudes domino.
The bore's heed in hand bring I, With garland gay and rosemary ; I
pray you all sing merrely, Qui estis in convivio. The bore's heed, I
understande, Is the chefe servyce in this lande ; Loke where ever it
be fande, Servite own cantico. Be gladde, lordes, both more and
lesse, For this hath ordeyned our stewarde, To chere you all this
Christmasse, The bore's heed with mustarde." Christmas Carrolles,
impr. by Wynkyn de Worde, 1521. 817 WILLIAM RIXON AT THE— A
COW, in field. Ee<0. RED COW IN MILKE STREET — HIS HALF PENY
TOKEN. The earliest published London Directory, 1677, entitled " The
Names of the Merchants living in London," notices " Tho. Framton,
near the Red Cow, in Milk street."
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.02%
accurate

172 LONDON TRADERS, TAVERN, MILLBANK, Westminster.

818 THOMAS MASCALL AT — Scales, from the Bakers' arms. Rev.
MILLBANCKE . WESTMINSTER — In the field, HIS HALFE PENNY. T.
M. 819 IOHN STANDBROOK . LYME MAN — Man bearing a Back.
Rev. AT MILL BANCKE . HIS HALF PENY — I. E. S. There was also a
John Standbrooke, lime-man, in Southwark, at St. Mary Overy's
stairs. The initials on that token are I. S. S. MILL LANE, Tooley
Street. 820 IAMES TOVCHIN AT Y* RED — Lion passant gardant; I.
H. T. Rev. IN MILL LANE. 1666 — HIS HALF PENY. Mill lane derived
that appellation from the mill belonging to the abbot of Battle.—
Collect. Topogr. et Geneal., vol. viii. p. 252. In MiU lane is stiU " the
Red Lion and Key," possibly the same sign. MINORIES, Aldgate. 821
AT THE 2 SMITHES — Two smiths working at anvil. Rev. IN THE
MINORIES . 1654 — In the field, I. s. P. 822 THOMAS PIERSON IN
— In the field, man dipping candles. Rev. THE MINORIES. 1655 — T.
L. p., in the field. 823 GEORGE cox AT THE 2 — Man dipping
candles, in field. Rev. COKS IN THE MINORIES — In the field, G. E.
c. The candle-maker has here perpetrated a vile pun on his name ;
certes he would have invoked the wrath of the great lexicographer,
who boldly averred that " the man that would make a pun would
pick a pocket." 824 ELENOR STONE — In the field, HER HALF PENY.
Rev. IN THE MINOR YES — Name in monogram, in field. 825 THO.
WASHBVRNE AT — Three crowns, in the field. Rev. IN THE
MINORIES — Grocers Company arms. The three crowns imply the
diadems of the three kingdoms, England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Queen Caroline, wife of King George the Second, in most respects
The text on this page is estimated to be only 26.71%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 173 endeared to the people

of England,, having conceived the idea of excluding the public from
St. James's park, and converting it into a noble garden for the
palace, consulted Sir Robert Walpole as to its probable cost ; his
memorable reply was, " only Three Crowns." 826 RICH. BVRTON AT
THE — Ship, in the field. Rev. IN THE MINORIES . 1666 — In the
field, R. M. B. 827 HENRY SADD IN YE MINORIES — Rose and crown
; H. s. Rev. A COFFEE HALFE PENNY [16] 66 — In the field, a Turk's
head ; H. s. LITTLE MINORIES. 828 MARY TAYLOR IN THE — An
unicorn, in the field. Rev. LITTLE MINORIES — In the field, M. T.
THE MINT, Southwark. South wark, in the time of Edward the
Confessor, appears, before 1053, to have been a corporation
governed by a bailiff, and was certainly a royal Saxon mint in the
antecedent reign. Pennies of silver were coined here by Canute,
Edward the Confessor, William the Norman, William Rufus, and
Henry the First. The royal domain was opposite the church of St.
George ; and early in the reign of King Henry the Eighth a
magnificent structure called Suffolk Place was erected here by his
brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk ; from him it passed
to the king, who then named it Southwark Place, restored the mint,
and also coined money. Edward the Sixth continued the mint. John
Yorke, sheriff of London in 1550-51, appointed in 1548, the second
year of his reign, sole master and worker, employed this mint ; and
the coins struck under his authority bear as a mint-mark an old
English Y. The coinage here ceased with this reign, and the building,
hitherto the mint, became a place of public resort for drinking, and
was long after known as Hogmagog hall. Southwark Place was
eventually in great part demolished, and the ground, gradually
covered by small tenements, became a densely populated vicinage,
still bearing the precinctal appellation of the Mint. An admirably
etched view of the ducal palace of Charles Brandon, as in 1546, from
a drawing by Anthony Van den Wyngrerde, is an illustration in the
fifth volume of Brayley's History of Surrey, 1850. 829 IOHN BELL IN
THE MINT — Three bells, in the field. Rev. IN SOVTHWARKE . 1669
— HIS HALF PENY. 830 RICHARD PERKINS — In the field, the
Mercers Company arms. Rev. IN MINT. SOVTHWARKE — R. M. p.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 26.32%
accurate

174 LONDON TRADERS, TAVERN, MONTAGUE CLOSE,

Southward 831 AT THE CROOKED BILLET — A billet, in the field.
Rev. IN MOVNTAGVE GLOSS — In the field, T. i. c. 832 STEPHEN
OVERMAN — An unicorn, in the field. Rev. MOVNTAGV CLOSE — In
the field, s. M. o. MOOKFIELDS. 833 AT THE — An angel, in the field
— MOREFIELDS. Rev. NEARE BADLAM - GATE — H. s. c., in the field.
834 IN MORE FEILDES — A still, Distillers' arms, in the field. Rev.
NEARE BEDLAM GATE — HENRY YOVNG. I? Henry Young, the issuer
of this token, "a distiller of hot waters/' previously to September,
1666, established on Ludgate hill, deposed before one of the
committees of inquiry instituted after the great fire, that " about
April, 1661, being in the Jesuits' college in Antwerp, one Powell, an
English Jesuit, persuaded him to turn Roman catholic ; and told him
if he intended to save his life and estate he had best turn so, for
within seven years he should see all England of that religion." Young
replied, " the city of London would never endure it." Powell
answered, " within five or six years they would break the power and
strength of London in pieces ; they had been contriving it these
twenty years, and if Young did live he should see it done." Young
further deposed that, shortly after his coming into England,
Thompson and Copervel, both papists, several times affirmed that, '
( within five or six years at the furthest, the Roman catholic religion
would be all over the kingdom." In Akerman's London Tradesmen's
Tokens, No. 1233, figured in plate vii. No. 82, is a token supposed to
have emanated from the Belle Sauvage inn on Ludgate hill ; but to
that it has no reference. Henry Young was a distiller ; the figure
described as " an Indian woman" is the sinister supporter of the
Distillers Company arms, and no " belle sauvage" at all. The fire in
September, 1666, destroyed all the buildings on Ludgate hill, and
subsequently, Young established his business near Bedlam gate in
Moorfields, where, adopting a still as his sign, he issued the
pennysized token above noticed. No sign in the metropolis has been
the occasion of more varied conjectures than the far-famed " Belle
Sauvage." Mr. Douce quotes the inedited metrical romance of
Alexander, conjectured to have been written by Adam Davie, at the
beginning of the fourteenth century, for the fact that king Solomon,
being visited at Jerusalem by the fair queep of Sabba, a city in
Macropy, the Macropii in Ethiopia of Pliny, " Thennes cam Sibely
savage," for her love, forsook his God above. " ' Sibely savage' is the
person who in our modern bibles is called the queen of Sheba, and
the sign has been corrupted into that of the Bell Savage ; the same
sign, corrupted in like manner, was so adopted
The text on this page is estimated to be only 27.29%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 175 on the continent." Mr.

Douce adds, " Sibely savage, as a proper name, is another
perversion of si belle sauvage ; and though the lady was supposed
to have come from the remotest parts of Africa, and might have
been as black as a negro, we are not now to dispute the superlative
beauty of the mistress of Solomon, here converted into a savage. It
must be admitted the queen of Sheba was as well adapted for the
purpose of a sign as the Wise Men of the East, afterwards
metamorphosed into the ' Three Kings of Cologne.' " These are
poetical deductions. Pegge, in his Anecdotes of the English
Language, p. 291, intimates that a friend had seen a lease of the
Bell Savage inn (he should have said ' the Bell inn,') to Isabella
Savage ; affording an elucidation that overthrew the conjectures
about a bell and a savage, or la belle sauvage. Douce was disposed
to treat this altogether as an anomaly ; he conceived it probable that
Pegge's friend had been in some way or other deceived, the date of
the lease not being mentioned ; and if the name of Isabella Savage
really appeared in the document it might have been an accidental
circumstance, at a period not very distant*; but a deed, enrolled on
the Close roll of 1453, certifies a fact that places the point in dispute
beyond all doubt. By that deed, dated at London, February 5th, 31
Hen. VI., John Frensh, eldest son of John Frensh late citizen and
goldsmith of London, confirmed to Joan Frensh, widow, his mother, "
totum ten' sive hospicium cum suis pertin' vocat' Savagesynne, alias
vocat' le Belle on the Hope ;" all that tenement or inn with its
appurtenances, called Savage's inn, otherwise called the Bell on the
Hoop, in the parish of St. Bridget in Fleet street, London, to have
and to hold the same for term of her life, without impeachment of
waste. The sign in the olden day was the Bell; " on the hoop"
implied the ivy-bush, fashioned, as was the custom, as a garland.
The association of Savage's inn with the sign of the Bell certainly
gave an impulse to the perversion or new name of "la belle Sauvage
:" when that occurred is another question. Machin, in his Diary,
February 7th, 1553-4, the day being Ash Wednesday, is very minute
on the untoward incident of Wyat's rebellion ; by him the Belle
Sauvage inn is not mentioned; but Howes, in his enlargement of
Stow, 1631, p. 621, notices particularly, as well known, the " Bell
Savage, an inn nigh unto Ludgate ;" and that ' ' Wyat, baffled in
passing with his forces through Ludgate, rested him awhile upon a
stall over against the Belle Savage gate, and at the last returned
towards Charing crosse." LITTLE MOORFIELDS, Cripplegate. 835
SIMON BOND AT THE — GREEN HOVSE, in the field. IN LITLE MOOR
FELDS — In8 field, S. A. B. 1666. A green -house was a garden
house with bowling-allies, of which there are frequent notices in our
contemporary dramatists, by whom there are constant allusions to
their immoral purposes. Chettle, in his Kind Heart's Dream, printed
at latest in 1593, notices the bowling-allies, or green-houses, in
Bedlam; and Mynshull, in his Essayes and Characters of a Prison,
1618, observes — "A nasty stinking lodging in a jayle is sweeter land
than any garden-house about Bunhill." After the fire, it was
proposed by the city authorities to establish a hay -market in Little
Moorfields ; the project, however, failed. Illustrations of
Shakespeare, edit. 1839, 8vo, p. 62.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 26.79%
accurate

176 LONDON TRADERS, TAVERN, MOORGATE. 836 IOHN

RANDALL AT MOORE — Moorgate ; I. M. R. 1666. Rev. GATE . HIS
HALFE PENNY — In field, the same. The view in the field, on both
sides, exhibits Moorgate, that stood across the Fore-street end of
Finsbury place, erected in 1415, and reedified in 1472. Becoming
impaired by long standing, the gate shown on the token was
demolished in 1672. Moorgate, rebuilt, was sold by the
commissioners of the city lands, April 22d, 1761, for 166L, but while
being demolished, the stone was repurchased by the city authorities,
and flung into the Thames to arrest the havoc the tides were
causing to the starlings of the newly widened centre arch of London
Bridge. Smeaton, the eminent civil engineer, had been sent for
expressly from Yorkshire, for his advice, and although it was then
Sunday morning, the repurchase of the stone, as he advised, was
effected ; labourers, horses, carts, and barges were hired, and the
demolition of the gate, the conveyance of the stone, and the
immersion against the starlings, was continued with no intermission.
WITHIN MOORGATE. 837 OLIVER HOLMES AT — A boar, in field.
Rev. WITHIN MOOREGATE — In the field, o. A. H. The street now
known as London "Wall is the locality here indicated by Within
Moorgate. New Exchange, see STRAND, No. 1109. New Fish Street,
see FISH-STREET HILL. NEWGATE WITHOUT. 838 THOMAS
ANDREWS — In field, horse-shoe and sugar-loaf. Rev. WITHOVT
NEWGATE — T. A., in the field. 839 RALPH PACKMAN — In the field,
Merchant Tailors' arms. Rev. WITHOVT NEWGATE— A beaver hat,
and R. I. p. Vendors of beaver hats were at this time called
"haberdashers of hats," then highly expensive. Dugdale, in his Diary,
April 13th, 1661, minutes " payd for a bever hatt, 4Z. IQs. ;" the
fashion of it may be seen in Hollar's portrait of that distinguished
antiquary. Pepys too, who was as anxious to observe the fashions as
any courtier in his day, records in his Diary, June 27th, in the same
year, " this day, Mr. Holden sent me a bever which cost me 41. 5s."
Pepys had evidently bated the seller a crown.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 27.04%
accurate

AND COFFEE-HOUSE TOKENS. 177 NEWGATE PRISON. 840

BELONGING TO YE CELLOR ON THE MASTERS SIDE AT — 1669.
Rev. NEWGATE — The then Debtors' Prison. Newgate, mentioned by
Fitzstephen as one of the seven double gates in the wall of the city
of London, in the reign of King Henry the Second, stood at the west
end of Newgate street. The north end of the present Newgate prison
denotes the site, the gateway extending across the street. In the
reign of King John it is noticed as having long been the gaol or
prison for felons or trespassers ; and in the reign of King Henry the
Fifth had become, according to Grafton, " a most ugly and
loathsome prison, " so that the memorable Sir Richard Whittington,
touched in pity, bequeathed money for rebuilding it. License for that
purpose having been obtained in 1422, from King Henry the Sixth,
shortly after his accession, Whittington's executors faithfully
performed the purport of his instructions. The great fire early in
September, 1666, utterly destroyed Newgate ; but it was shortly
after rebuilt for its original uses, and as a debtors' prison. The token
was struck in 1669, as a monetary medium among the prisoners,
and is of the utmost rarity and interest from the delineation of the
prison it affords. Newgate continued till 1776, when it was
demolished. The diurnals record that ' ' on Tuesday, July 9th, the
statue of Whittington and his cat was taken down from Newgate ;
that statue with the others are to be placed in the new prison in the
Old Bailey." The same diurnals, on the 10th, intimated as a caution,
that " the person who is now taking down the gaol of Newgate
ought to put up a scaffold on each side of the gate, to save the
passengers from the danger of having their brains beaten out by the
stones, which, in spite of every caution, are liable to fall on their
heads." NEWGATE MARKET. The market without Newgate, held on
the verge of the former lands and possessions of the collegiate
church of St. Martin -le-grand, is of very remote date. Stephen king
of England, in one of his precepts of restitution of certain lands of
which he had despoiled that church, particularized among others,