Burj Khalifa Foundation and Construction Insights
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsBurj Khalifa Foundation and Construction Insights
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsNATIONAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
Higher School of Engineering and
Architecture Tecamachalco Unit
Learning Unit: Soil Mechanics
Professor: Ascension Albarrán Alfredo
Group: 1AM22
Alumno: Olier Castro Esteban Francisco
No. Boleta: 2017601751
FOUNDATION RESEARCH IN
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Burj Khalifa
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
Interior Design
FOUNDATION
SCHEMATIC SECTION
INDEX
Burj Khalifa
Skyscraper located in Dubai (United Arab Emirates). With 828
meters high, it is the tallest structure known.
record in history.
Construction began on January 6, 2004, being its
official inauguration on January 4, 2010.
The principal drafting architect of the project is Adrian Smith.
the construction of the Burj Khalifa had an estimated budget of
20 billion for the complete development of Downtown Burj
Khalifa.
The shape of the base of the Burj Khalifa is based on the shape
geometric of a flower.
It has 53 different elevators. Some reach 35 km per hour and rise 120 floors in less than 50 seconds.
seconds. The largest elevators transport 40 passengers.
The framework of the building combines the best of the framework and stone. It uses more than 30,000 tons of steel, the
steel is embedded in artificial stone, concrete. This reinforced concrete shaft will come dressed with a
high-tech glass and steel curtain wall. The wall is anchored to the building in units of up to 2
high plants. The panels are rigid, but the joints are flexible. If someone moves a heavy piece of furniture
towards the edge of the skyscraper, the ground will bend and push against the outer wall. But the flexible joint between the
wall panels absorb movement in such a way that the wall is not damaged. Furthermore, these
allow each section of the wall to expand and contract according to the desert sun through the skyscraper.
The most powerful force to withstand is the desert wind.
To protect it from the sun, it is with the curtain wall skin, where the glass has an outer layer and an inner layer.
The outer layer is to reflect the daily direct heat from the sun. This is covered by a thin metal plate.
bending ultraviolet light. The inner layer is coated with a thin sheet of silver, which maintains the
Heat rays outside. More than 30,000 glass panels protect it.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
The key to the speed of its construction is a technology called climbing formwork. The process begins in
the base of the building. Steelworkers assemble steel frameworks that will form the axes of the
walls, and floors. The kangaroo cranes lift the steel frames and fit them into special molds called
climbing formwork. Inside goes the concrete, once it is dried, the mold is pushed up by some
pistons leaving the concrete block behind, repeating the process.
To solve the wind problem, each part of the tower is designed to deflect the wind away from a
different form, this disrupts the power of the vortices and breaks the grip of the wind and the building.
According to what was anticipated, the resulting morphology of the 'Y' Party and the criterion of reducing the dimensions in
the branching plant of the wings, as the number of floors increases, produces a morphology that
It turns out to be efficient for 'confusing' the wind, disrupting its vortices.
EXTERIOR FACADE: it is completely clad with more than 26,000 high-performance glass panels in the double glazing format
hermetic (glass with an air chamber between 12mm to 18mm), composed of an outer glass with high solar control that rejects a large part of the
radiant solar heat, and a low-emissivity inner glass, such that the double-glazed hermetic glass has a very high energy efficiency
performance which significantly reduces the energy savings of climate control costs for the entire building.
ANTENNA: it is a telescopic antenna with telecommunications equipment made of more than 4,000 tons of steel. It was built inside the
building and was pushed by a hydraulic pump to its final height.
MECHANICAL FLOORS: seven mechanical levels located every 30 floors, where the machinery that governs the systems of the building is situated, such as
electric stations, water tanks and pumps, etc. Five of these floors can be distinguished on the facade of the building, as they are larger
than the other plants and have a darker glass color. The mechanical sixth floor is located on the lower floors of the building and the
seventh in the last.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT TO WHICH CONCRETE IS PUMPED: concrete was poured on plant number 159 at a height of 606m. Throughout the
construction, due to the high temperatures, the pumping of the concrete was only carried out at night, at a temperature of approximately 30 degrees.
And since the temperature was still excessive, the mixture was cooled by the addition of ice. During the pumping, not only was the control maintained
concrete temperature, the behavior of the mix was also monitored and periodically tested through the tests
The concrete took 40 minutes from when it was poured into the hopper until it reached plant 159 for its placement.
The installation of the pipes that carried the concrete to the different points of the tower was very well planned.
The base of the building has a core and three side sections.
that stand out from this. These wings or lateral sections rise up.
each one at a different height and they cause the structure of the building to go
being narrower.
The height to which each section of the wings rises forms a
spiral staircase with a left direction, surrounding the building
and helps to counteract strong winds and the numerous
sand storms of Dubai.
The structure of the building is made of reinforced concrete.
up to the 156th floor (586 m high). From the 156th floor, the floors
they are made of steel, which makes them lighter.
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
For the interior design, a
famous designer Nada Andric to
in front of Skidmore, Owings and
Merrill, who combined the use of
glass, stainless steel, stones
polished, stucco walls, textures
handcrafted and stone floors,
drawing inspiration from the local culture of
Dubai. Likewise, more than 1000 works
of art selected
meticulously adorn the building
and its surroundings.
INTERIOR DESIGN
FOUNDATION
In February 2004, the construction of the building's foundation began.
Burj Khalifa, in which nearly 200 piles were driven
down to a depth of almost 50 meters, being classified as the
largest foundation ever built, designed to withstand this
colossal structure, and that in addition to the piles, consists of an immense
reinforced concrete slab of 3.7 m thickness; consisting of 12,500 m.
of concrete.
Its design stems from an innovative thesis, which is supported by sophisticated
geotechnical and seismic-resistant studies. It is this plate that in turn
supported by the pile system, each of which has
1.5 meters in diameter at its base and 43 meters in length. In the
foundation, 45,000 m3 of concrete were used, making it
had an approximate weight of 110,000 tons.
Likewise, in the manufacture of friction piles, were used
concrete mixtures, where mineral additions were considered
substituting part of the cement content: 25% of fly ash
and 7% silica smoke.
The rock beneath the building is fragile and is filled with groundwater; any large hole will
it would immediately collapse, for this, they are filled with viscous polymer substances that push the waters
subterranean and rock fragments towards the ends of the holes keeping it open. The thick polymer is
denser than water, but more liquid than concrete. Concrete displaces the substance and ultimately hardens
to form a foundation. 200 foundations of these, called pillars, are what support the entire weight of the building. The
The depth of these is 50 m, their diameter is 1.50 m, with a maximum load of 3000 tons.
The piles underwent two static load tests. The first one was conducted at seven
test piles before construction. The second test was conducted on eight piles
during the construction phase (about 1% of the total).
Additionally, dynamic load tests were conducted on 10 of the tower's piles and on 31
from the podium. Finally, sonic integrity tests were conducted on several piles. The
The main objectives of the tests were to evaluate the general load behavior.
settlement of the piles for the expected duration under the tower, and verify the hypotheses
of design.
Due to the particularly severe conditions at the construction site of the
substructure, caused by the groundwater of the place (which is extremely
corrosive with chloride concentrations of up to 4.5%, and sulfates of up to 0.6%, even
higher than the concentrations in seawater), specialized systems were applied
of waterproofing on the surface of the concrete, in addition to adding to the mix
corrosion inhibitors to improve the durability conditions of the material. All
the piles were built using self-compacting concrete with relationships
water/cementing material less than 0.3, poured in a single cast.
SCHEMATIC CUT
