KISHORI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY-2602

BEED MAHARASHTRA INDIA

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

Guided By : [Link] BHOSALE

Principal :DR. [Link]

Presented By: [Link] T. GHAMAT

ABSTRACT
The primary objective of this research is to formulate and evaluate a herbal shampoo, as well as to find out
its physicochemical performance with a focus on product safety, efficacy and quality. Herbal shampoo is a
natural hair care solution that removes grease, dirt and dandruff and promotes hair growth, strength and
thickness. It also gives softness, smoothness and shine to the hair. Shampoo for cosmetics is made up of
different types of drugs. Hair loss, increased scaling, itching, pain, nausea and headache are some of the
negative effects of these drugs. Consequently, efforts are being made to produce herbal shampoos that are
free from adverse effects. The main objective of this study was to remove harmful synthetic ingredients from
the formulation of shampoos and replace them with safe natural ingredients.
Keywords: Aloe vera, Cosmetic, Herbal shampoo, Dandruff, Acasia concinna, Sapindus mukorossi,
Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Azadirachta indica and Glyccerrhiza glabra.

INTRODUCTION :-
An essential component of human beauty is hair. Human hair has several
functions, including sebum production, apocrine sweat, pheromonas production,
thermoregulation, and defense against environmental aggressors. The main
purpose of hair care products is to clean the hair. Additionally, it changes the
texture of the hair, nourishes it, and gives it a healthy appearance.
The most popular hair care product is shampoo. It can be used to clean hair and
scalp of grime, leftover hair style product residue, and environmental
contaminants. It comes in both viscous liquid and powder form. Shampoos used
to just be used to clean the hair and scalp, but modern shampoos are considerably
more versatile. It is effortless to use and leaves the hair shiny, manageable, and
easy to comb after cleansing. These days, a large variety of shampoos with
various purposes are sold in the market, including synthetic, herbal, medicated,
and non-medicated shampoos. The most well-liked herbal shampoos are those
that seem to have superior purity, safety, and effectiveness.
Similar to ordinary shampoo, herbal shampoos are made with natural components
and are intended to clean hair and scalp. These shampoos have good stability, are
less damaging than synthetic shampoo, and have no adverse effects because no
surfactants are used. Surfactants are present in synthetic shampoo. Serious side
effects, such as split ends, eye irritation, hair loss, drying out, and graying of the
hair, can result from using these surfactants over an extended period of time.
Because herbal, medicated, and non-medicated shampoos on the market these days,
but customers are becoming more and more interested in herbal shampoo because
they think that since it comes from natural sources, it is safe and doesn't have any
negative effects. Shampoo contains synthetic surfactants mainly for foaming and
cleaning purposes; nevertheless, prolonged usage of these surfactants can cause hair
loss, scalp discomfort, and eye irritation. Herbal shampoo recipes are
thought to be an alternative to synthetic ones, but making cosmetics with just natural
ingredients is challenging. Numerous medicinal plants are frequently utilized in
shampoo formulations because of their purportedly therapeutic benefits
FORMULATION AND EVOLUTION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO
on hair.

These plant components can be utilized in derivative, refined extract, powdered, or

crude form. Making a herbal shampoo with just one natural ingredient that is as safe
and mild as a synthetic one while still competing well in terms of foaming,
detergency, and solid content is really challenging. As a result, we thought about
creating a pure herbal shampoo using plants that are widely and historically used in
Oman and the Gulf, particularly India, for hair cleaning. For millennia, the Indian
folklore system has employed the pericarp of Spindus mukorossi, also known as
soapnut or reetha, the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, also known as Amla, and the
dried pods of Acacia concinna (Sheekakai) to wash hair (Kapoor, 2005). Because
Reetha and Sheekakai have a high saponin content, they create a rich lather when
shaken with water. Additionally, they have been shown to have positive effects on
the skin and other organ systems. Amla fruit, which is high in vitamin C, is used in
hair treatments as a strengthening agent, anti-dandruff agent, and hair growth
stimulator. The Ziziphus spina-christi tree, known as Sidr in Arabic, is indigenous to
the Middle East including Oman, and its leaves are traditionally used by women to
wash, darken and lengthen hairs . It is reported to contain four saponin glycosides
that help in removing excess sebum without causing adverse reactions . Saponins
also exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities that make them important
ingredients of cosmetic applications.

HISTORY :
Hans Schwarzkopf created the original liquid shampoo in 1927, which was still
referred to as "soap." Liquid has been the most widely used form factor for hair
cleaning since 1927. Hans Schwarzkopf did not develop a soap-free liquid until
1933.
'Kneading' or'massaging' is the meaning of the Hindi phrase shampoo (often
champi/Champy or champ), which is where the English word'shampoo'
originates.
A herbal shampoo is formulated with natural oil, mineral, and Ayurvedic plant
extracts. Shampoos that are high in chemicals can damage hair roots and result in
a number of scalp-related problems. However, herbal shampoos can gently
cleanse the scalp, restore any lost nutrients, and enhance the condition of hair.

Many herbs and their extracts have been used as shampoos on the Indian
subcontinent from ancient times. The Indus Valley Civilization was the first
source of shampoo.
The filtered extract from boiling Sapindus with dried Indian gooseberry (amla)
and a few other herbs formed a very efficient early shampoo. The fruit pulp of the
tropical sapindus tree, commonly referred to as soapberries or soapnuts and found
throughout India, contains saponins, a naturally occurring surfactant. In ancient
Indian scriptures, the sapindus tree is known as ksuna. Indian literature refer to
the lather produced by soapberry extract as "phenaka." The hair is left
manageable, lustrous, and silky after. Shikakai (Acacia concinna), hibiscus
flowers, ritha (Sapindus mukorossi), and arappu (Albizzia amara) were additional
treatments used for hair cleaning. In the sixteenth century, the founder and first
Guru of Sikhism, Guru Nanak, mentioned soap and the soapberry tree.
Early Indian colonial traders indulged in body massages (champu) and hair
cleaning during their daily baths. They brought the newly acquired habits,
including the hair treatment they termed shampoo, back to Europe when they
arrived.

Ideal characters of shampoo

• Should effectively and completely remove the dust, excessive sebum.
• Should effectively wash hair. Should produce a good amount of foam
• The shampoo should be easily removed by rinsing with water.
• Should leave the hair non dry, soft, lustrous with good, manageability.
• Should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.
• Should not make the hand rough and chapped. Should not have any side effects
or cause irritation to skin or eye.

Composition of shampoo
• Principal surfactant
• Secondary surfactant Antidandruff agents
• Conditioning agents
• Pearlescent agents
• Sequestrants
• Thickening agents
• Colours, perfumes and preservatives.

Types of shampoo
• Liquid shampoo
• Solid cream shampoo
• Jelly shampoo
• Powder shampoo Lotion shampoo
Aerosol foam shampoo

➢ REQUIREMENTS OF SHAMPOO:-
• It should remove sebum and atmospheric pollutants from scalp and hair.

• It should remove the residues of previously applied hair styling lotions and
sprays.
It should deliver an optimal level of foam to satisfy the expectations of the user
• It should be nontoxic and non-irritating to the hair and scalp.

➢ Specialized shampoo◻
• Baby shampoo

• Anti-dandruff shampoo

• Conditioning shampoo

• Two-layer shampoo

➢ ANTAMONY OF HAIR :◻
The hair is made up of 95% keratin a fibrous, helicoidal protein (shaped like a
helix) that forms part of the skin and all its attachments (body hair, nails etc.).
The hair structure consists of 3 different parts:
• Medulla: It is the innermost layer of the hair shaft, made up of an amorphous,
soft, oily substances.

• Cuticle: Thin protective outer layer that contains nutrients beneficial for hair
growth. It is highly keratinized with cells shaped like scales

Cortex: It is the main constituent of the hair, containing long keratin chains which
gives elasticity, suppleness and resistance to the hair. The cells of the cortex are
joined together by an intercellular cement rich in lipids and proteins.

➢ GROWTH CYCLE OF HAIR :

Hair growth cycle consists of four phases:
• Anagen (growth phase): It is the growing phase. This phase lasts for several
years.

• Catagen (transitional phase): during this phase the hair follicle shrinks and
hair growth slows.

• Telogen (resting phase): It is the resting phase where hair growth stops and
new hair begins the growth phase, pushing the old hair out.

• Exogen phase: last phase of hair growth cycle where hair strand completely
detaches from the scalp and sheds off
 [Link].1 Hair structure [Link].2 Growth cycle of hair

➢ HAIR PROBLEMS:-
• HAIR LOSS: The main reason behind the hair loss is Stress, medication,
changes in hormone and many hair styling products can contribute to hair loss.

• OILY HAIR/GREASY HAIR: Oily hair is caused by excessive production of

natural oil (sebum) by the scalp. Sebum is produced by sebaceous glands which
sometimes “work overtime’’ leading to excessive amount of oil.

• DANDRUFF: Dandruff is a non-inflammatory harmless skin condition that

affects scalp and might result in hair loss. It is scaly and adheres to the root of the
hair.

DRY HAIR: Dry hair occurs due to deficiency of proteins in the diet.
Menopause, anemia, hormonal imbalance, birth control pill can also lead to dry
hair.
• SPILT ENDS: Splits ends occur when the hair ends dry and other reasons are
exposure to extreme weather conditions. Hair care techniques such as
straightening and curling and chemical hair products may cause spilt ends.
MATERIAL COMMONLY USED IN HERBAL SHAMPOO :

Botanical name Common name. Functions/uses Figure

Lawsonia
Inermis
Henna Promotes growth
of hair, conditioner

Azadirac Neem Antimicrobial agent,

htaindica Prevents thedryness
of hairsand flaking
ofhairs.

Ocim um Tulsi Antimicrobial

sanctu m andanti- lice property
 Benefits :
• Stimulates the scalp for healthy hair growth
• Helps to add strength and elasticity to dry and brittle strands
• Helps hair to become less prone to breakage
• Helps build hair’s resilience to protect from future damage, breakage and
split ends
• Leaves hair shiny, soft and manageable
• Lowers Risk Of Side Effects. Herbal supplements are well tolerated by
people who are allergic to components in prescription drugs.
• Symptomatic Relief.
• Cost Effective.
• Readily Available.
• Treats Chronic Conditions.
•

AIM and OBJECTIVE

Aim :
To Formulate and Evaluate a Shampoo using natural herbs.

Objective :
Primary Objectives:

1. Develop a safe and effective herbal shampoo: Formulate a shampoo using natural ingredients
that is gentle on hair and scalp.
2. Evaluate the efficacy of herbal shampoo: Assess the cleansing, nourishing, and protective
properties of the herbal shampoo.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Improve hair health: Enhance hair strength, shine, and manageability.

2. Reduce dandruff and other scalp issues: Soothe and calm the scalp, reducing irritation and
flaking.
3. Promote hair growth: Stimulate hair growth and reduce hair fall.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

1) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition, See

Shampoo; Also see Shampoo. Hobson-Jobson (1903), University of Chicago.
Abstract:
A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases" is a well-known work of Anglo-Indian lexicography,
originally published in 1886 by Henry Yule and A.C. Burnell. A revised and updated edition was published in 1903,
edited by William Crooke. The 1903 edition, edited by William Crooke, is available online through various libraries
and archives. It's a significant resource for understanding the evolution of Anglo-Indian English and the influence of
Indian languages on English during the British colonial period.

2) kSuNa, Sanskrit Lexicon, Monier-Williams Dictionary (1872)

Abstract:
1. Kauna: A term potentially related to a specific plant or concept.
2. Sanskrit Lexicon: A reference to Sanskrit language dictionaries or resources.
3. Monier-Williams Dictionary (1872): A renowned Sanskrit-English dictionary compiled by Sir Monier Monier-
Williams.

This dictionary is a valuable resource for understanding Sanskrit terms, including those related to:

1. Botany
2. Ayurveda
3. Hinduism
4. Indian culture

3) eltscher, Kate (2000). "The Shampooing Surgeon and the Persian Prince:
Two Indians in Early Nineteenth-century Britain". Interventions: International
Journal of Postcolonial Studies. 2 (3): 409–23. doi:10.1080/13698010020019226.
S2CID 161906676.
Abstract:
India Inscribed: European and British Writing on India, 1600-1800* (1995): A book exploring European and
British writings on India.
- The High Road to China: George Bogle, the Panchen Lama, and the First British Expedition to Tibet (2006): A
historical account of George Bogle's expedition to Tibet, praised for its engaging narrative and insightful analysis.
- Palace of Palms: Tropical Dreams and the Making of Kew (2020): A book about the making of Kew Gardens,
recognized as a Times and New Statesman Book of the Year.
- Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India: An edited version of this glossary, showcasing her
expertise in colonial writing and lexicography.
(4)Diaz, Eden C. (1990). Home Economics, Practical Arts and Livelihood
Education for College: Book Two. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 75. ISBN 978-
971-23-0795-9. Retrieved 18.
Abstract:
India has become a dumping ground for the products which are banned in Europe and USA,whether it is
FMCG products or
popular drugs. One such thing is shampoo with harmful chemical ingredients,some of the popular
shampoo brands available in
Indian market contain ingredients dangerous for our [Link] found in these shampoo brands
may pose a threat to our
[Link] has shown that various chemicals lurking inside popular shampoo brands may induce
serious health risks, like
memory loss, eye and skin irritation, hair follicle damage that can lead to hair loss, and even
[Link] glycol is main
ingredient of shampoo. It can cause allergic [Link] lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate
are common causes of
eye irritation as well as cancer. They can also damage hair follicles. When absorbed into the body from
continuous contact, they
can bring on asthma attacks. Synthetic fragrances contain hundreds of chemicals, some of which have
been known to cause
headaches, dizziness, rash, hyper pigmentation, coughing and vomiting. Diethanolamine (DEA ) is readily
absorbed through the
skin and can also be toxic to the brain. KALON LUEUR AD Shampoo, A Revolutionary Approach to
provide nutritive solution
to hairs with new age nanocosmeceutical technology developed by scientists of pugos nutrition research
centre Hyderabad with
NO harmful chemical ingredients with new age nanocosmeceutical technology provides nutritive healthy
solution to hairs

5) Kothari S, Patidar K, Solanki R. Polyherbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo: Basic

Concept, Benefits, and Challenges. Asian J. Pharm. 2018; 12(3): S849- 58
Abstract:
The objective of this review article is to provide information about various herbs used in dandruff
treatment along with causes and remedies of dandruff formation. This article also highlights the benefits
of herbal shampoo over synthetic shampoos. The hair is an integral part of the way to feel about the self-
appearance, and when the hairs are lost, it can be damaging to self-esteem and self-confidence. One
common reason is dandruff; a very common scalp disorder with high prevalence in population is caused
by numerous host factors in conjunction with Malassezia furfur. Most of the commercially available anti-
dandruff hair shampoos contain some form of antifungal agents that appear to reduce the incidence of the
disease. Synthetic product has poor efficacies, more side effects, and gives scope for recurrence of
symptoms. As the scalp is one of the most absorbent parts of the body, products applied to the scalp go
directly to the blood, without being filtered in any way. Hence, it is very important to know and
understand the effects of ingredients used in shampoo formulations
6) Ankule A, Wani S D, Murkute P M, Pundkar A S. Multipurpose herbal
powder shampoo. World j. pharm. life sci. 2020; 6(5): 166- 182.
Abstract:
marketed powder shampoo contains many natural ingredients with an emphasis on safety and efficacy,
which will avoid the risk posed by chemical ingredients. It clears dirt, dandruff, promote hair growth.
strengthens. and darken the hair. morever, it also act as a conditioning agent and performs all these actions
without affecting or damaging hair. The hearb amala, bhringaraj, hibiscus, shkakai, and ginger have been
selected to formulate the herbal shampoo powder on the basis of the traditional system and scientific
justification with modern use The major objective of the present study was to formulate an herbal
shampoo powder by means of eliminating harmful synthetic ingredients and substitute them with natural
ingredients. It is very difficult to get all the properties in one substance. Thats why we makes this product
unique is that we have made a quality powder shampoo with different properties. Such as anti dandruff,
antibacterial, hair growth promoter, conditioner, give smoothen hairs, reduce hair fallor dead skin, etc.
The main couse of dandruff is usually a fungus called "Pityrosporum ovale" ([Link]) which is a naturally
occurring yeast - like organism found most on the scalp and other part of the human skin. The fungus is
found most on skin areas with plenty of sebaceous glands : on the scalp where large no of sebaceous
glands can be found hence chances of dandruff in haire is more as compare to other body part. The reason
of hair problem are tension, scalp infection, harmone disturbances, lowers vitamin, food, minerals, and
large chemical shampoos are used. To overcome all this problems it was the main aim of our project, so
we prepared multipurpose powder herbal shampoo for hair treatment.

7) Joshi N, Patidar K, Solanki R, Mahawar V. Preparation and evaluation of

herbal hair growth promoting shampoo formulation containing Piper betle and
Psidium guajava leaves extract. Int. J. Green Pharm. 2018; 12(4): S835- 39.
Abstract:
Antioxidants are helpful in increasing the blood circulation and thus help in hair growth as well as in the
treatment of diseases. Alopecia is a dermatological disorder with psychosocial implications on patients
with hair loss. The antioxidant property of plant and different herbs can be utilized in hair fall conditions
or many diseases. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop an herbal hair growth promoting shampoo
using Piper betle and Psidium guajava leaves extract due to their antioxidant property. Materials and
Methods: Antioxidant activity of herbal shampoo formulation containing P. betle and P. guajava leaves
extract was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, 0.5 ml of each sample at
various concentrations was added to 1.5 ml of DPPH (0.004%) solution and allowed to stand in the dark at
room temperature for 20 min. The absorbance at 520 nm was recorded using UV spectroscopy which was
compared with ascorbic acid taken as standard. Results: The results of the study demonstrated that
formulation FC 3 exhibited best antioxidant activity and formulation was stable for 2 months. The
formulation FC 3 shows better pH, foamability, dirt dispersion, and wettability
8) Pundkar A S, Ingale S P. Formulation and evaluation of herbal liquid
shampoo. World [Link]. Res. 2020;9(5):901-11
Abstract:
uid or cream preparation of soap or detergent to wash the hair is
called as shampoo. Shampoos are the products which removes surface
grease, dust from the hair shaft and scalp. Shampooing is the most
common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily being
products aimed at cleansing the hair and scalp. In the present scenario,
it seems improbable that herbal shampoo, although better in
performance and safer than the synthetic ones, will be popular with the
consumers. A more radical approach in popularizing herbal shampoo
would be to change the consumer expectations from a shampoo, with
emphasis on safety and efficacy. The main objective of this study was
to eliminate harmful synthetic ingredient from herbal shampoo formulation and substitute
them with a safe natural ingredient

9) Haritha PN, Supraja P, Samreen S, Hrudayanjali, Qureshi M, Sandya P,

Swetha T., A Review on Polyherbal Shampoo Powder. Int. J Pharm Res. 2021;
21(2): 346-63
Abstract:
The shampoo sector is probably the largest unit among the hair care products. Shampoos are one of the
cosmetic products used daily as the hair is a special and cherished feature of human being which
beautifies the look of every individual. Day by day dependency of people is raising on herbal formulations
not only for a chronic ailment but also for several acute problems. The assurance therapy with minimal
side effects has been proven with ayurvedic formulations. In the scenario of changing food habits, stress,
and dependent environment conditions, several hairs and skin disorders are encountered. In case of hair
disorders like dandruff, hair fall, dull hair, split ends, etc, a proper selection of ayurvedic ingredients with
the required amount, the dosage form can be formulated to fight against hair problems. This polyherbal
shampoo was formulated by using natural ingredients like Aloe vera (Barbadensis miller), Neem leaves
(Azadirachta indica), Reetha fruit (Sapindusmukurossi), Shikakai (Acacia concinna), Amla fruit (Emblica
officinalis), Hibiscus leaves(Hibiscus rosa- sinensis) with proven efficacy. The
combination of such ingredients has made it possible to secure highly effective dry powder shampoo. The
formulation at laboratory scale was evaluated for several organoleptic properties, general powder
characteristics and physicochemical evaluation to ensure the safety and efficacy of the formulatio
10) sales kinny (21 March 2014). "Thick, lush, sexy hair from drugstore
products".
Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014.
Retrieved 18 June 2021.
Abstract:
India has become a dumping ground for the products which are banned in Europe and USA,whether it is
FMCG products or popular drugs. One such thing is shampoo with harmful chemical ingredients,some of
the popular shampoo brands available in Indian market contain ingredients dangerous for our
[Link] found in these shampoo brands may pose a threat to our
[Link] has shown that various chemicals lurking inside popular shampoo brands may induce
serious health risks, like memory loss, eye and skin irritation, hair follicle damage that can lead to hair
loss, and even [Link] glycol is main
ingredient of shampoo. It can cause allergic [Link] lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate
are common causes of eye irritation as well as cancer. They can also damage hair follicles. When absorbed
into the body from continuous contact, they
can bring on asthma attacks. Synthetic fragrances contain hundreds of chemicals, some of which have
been known to cause headaches, dizziness, rash, hyper pigmentation, coughing and vomiting.
Diethanolamine (DEA ) is readily absorbed through the
skin and can also be toxic to the brain. KALON LUEUR AD Shampoo, A Revolutionary Approach to
provide nutritive solution to hairs with new age nanocosmeceutical technology developed by scientists of
pugos nutrition research centre Hyderabad with NO harmful chemical ingredients with new age
nanocosmeceutical technology provides nutritive healthy solution to hairs.

11) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition, See Shampoo; Also see
Shampoo. Hobson-Jobson
(1903), University of Chicago.
Abstract:
n the present study, herbal shampoo was formulated containing suitable ingredient such as Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis, Emblica officinalis, Acacia concinna, Sapindus indica, Eclipta prostrata, Aloe
barbadensis, and Cassia auriculata in different proportions to formulate and evaluate its
physicochemical properties

PLAN OF WORK :

Herbal shampoos often utilize plants with beneficial properties for hair and scalp health. Some
popular plants used in herbal shampoos include:

1. Aloe vera: Soothes and moisturizes the scalp.

2. Neem: Known for its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
3. Shikakai: Gentle cleanser that promotes healthy hair growth.
4. Amla: Rich in vitamin C, it nourishes and strengthens hair.
5. Rosemary: Stimulates hair growth and improves circulation.
6. Tea tree oil: Antifungal and antibacterial properties help control dandruff and itchiness.
These plants can help:

1. Nourish and moisturize hair

2. Promote healthy scalp conditions
3. Support hair growth
4. Reduce dandruff and itchiness

Herbal shampoos can be a great option for those seeking natural, gentle hair care.

DRUG PROFILE :

Table.1

Sr. Botanica Common Family Part Key Hair Benefits

No. l Name Used Phytochemical
Name
s
1 Sapindus Reetha Sapindaceae Fruit Saponins, Natural surfactant;
mukoross pericarp sugars provides cleansing
i and foaming;
antifungal action

2 Acacia Shikakai Fabaceae Pods Saponins, Strengthens hair

concinna flavonoids, roots, prevents
tannins dandruff,
imparts shine

3 Phyllant Amla Phyllanthacea Fruit Vitamin C, Stimulates hair

hus e tannins, growth, reduces
emblica flavonoids greying,
nourishes scalp
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIAL USED:
• Ritha Extract

• Amla Extract

• Shikakai Extract

• Methyle Paraben

• Gelatine Solution

• Citric Acid

• Rose oil

Table No 2

Ingredients and Ingredient Role of Ingredient

its Role: Sr. No.
1 Ritha Extract Foaming Agent
2 Amla Extract To provide nourishment to hair
3 Shikakai Extract Anti-Dandruff
4 Methyle Paraben Preservative
5 Gelatine Solution Base
6 Citric Acid To adjust pH
7 Rose oil Perfume

Table No 3 : Formulation of herbal shampoo

Sr. No. Ingredient Quentity given Quentity Taken
(for 100 gm.) (for 10 gm.)
1 Ritha Extract 1% 10 gm
2 Amla Extract 1% 10 gm
3 Shikakai Extract 1% 10 gm
4 Methyle Paraben 1ml 0.5%
5 Gelatine Solution 5%(qs) Qs
6 Citric Acid 1% Qs
7 Rose oil 0.1ml 0.01 ml
 PROCEDURE:
• Ritha Extract:
It is prepared by cold maceration method.

10 gm. of Ritha powder in 70% ethyl alcohol (30mL).

• Amla Extract:
10 gm. of Amla powder in 50ml water and boil

Shikakai Extract:

10 gm. of Shikakai powder boiled in 50 ml water.

• Gelatin Solution:

Boil 50 ml of water and add 1 gm. Gelatin powder and again boil for 5
[Link] mix all extracts and triturated together.

• PREPARATION METHODS :
METHOD 1:
The following steps are employed for the formulation of polyherbal shampoo
powder

Drying: All the ingredients required for the shampoo preparation are dried and
grinded.

• Weighing: All herbal powders required for the preparation are weighed
separately.

• Size reduction: The weighed materials are subjected to size reduction using
hand driven mixer individually.

• Mixing: The fine powders are mixed methodically using mixer to form a
homogenous mixture.

• Sieving: The mixture is passed through sieve no 80, to get uniform size
particles and reduce the lumps.
• Packing and Labelling: Finally, the powder was packed and labelled suitably.
METHOD 2:
The following steps are involved in the preparation polyherbal liquid shampoo:
• Collection of materials: Ingredients required for the preparation are collected
and washed thoroughly and dried.

• Weighing: Ingredients are weighed individually and soaked overnight.

• Decoction preparation: Ingredients are boiled in the same water used for
soaking on medium flame, allow to cool and filter

• Incorporate preservative (eg: Methyl paraben) to prevent microbial growth

EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SHAMPOO POWDER :

• Organoleptic evaluation:

• Organoleptic evaluation includes the assessment of parameters such as color,

odor, texture taste etc.

General powder Characteristics:

• General powder characteristics includes the evaluation of parameters such bulk
density, particle size and angle of repose.

i. Particle size: Particle size affects grittiness and spreading properties of

powder.

Particle size is determined by using microscopy techniques.

ii. Angle of repose:

Funnel method:
Required quantity of powder is allowed to flow through a funnel which is placed
at a height of 6 cm from horizontal base. The powder is allowed to flow to form a
heap over the paper on the horizontal plane. The radius and the height of the
powder heap is noted down.
iii. Bulk density:
Bulk Density is the ratio between the given mass of a powder and its bulk
volume. Dried powder is filled into a 50 ml measuring cylinder upto 50 ml mark.
Then the cylinder is tapped onto soft surface from a height of 1 inch at 2 second
intervals. The volume of the powder is measured. The Bulk Density is calculated
by using the belowgiven formula.
iv. Tapped density:

The tapped density is obtained after mechanically tapping container containing

the powder. Dried powder is filled into 50 ml measuring cylinder upto 50 ml
mark. Then the cylinder is tapped 100 times onto soft surface. The volume of
powder is measured.
Physicochemical evaluation:
i. pH: The pH of the shampoo is measured by using pH meter.

ii. Washability: The ease and extent of washing can be checked manually by
applying on skin.

iii. Solubility: Solubility is ability of the substance to dissolve in solvent.

Solubility test is done by dissolving the sample in solvent followed by slight
warming, cooling and filtering. Then the residue obtained is weighed and noted
down.

iv. Loss on drying: Loss on drying is the loss of mass expressed in percent m/m.

About 2 g of powder is taken in a Petridish and placed in a desiccator for 2 days

over
• Dirt dispersion: Dirt dispersion ability of the shampoo can be determined by
using Indian ink. About 1% of shampoo solution taken in a test tube and 1 drop
of India ink is added. The test tube is stoppered and shaken for about 10 mins.
The amount of ink present in the foam is indicated as None, Light, Moderate, or
Heavy.

• Wetting time: Canvas paper is used to determine the wetting time of shampoo.
The canvas was cut into disc shape with 1 inch diameter with an average weight
of 0.44 g. the disc was allowed to float on the surface of 1% shampoo solution
and the time taken by the disc to start sinking in the shampoo solution is noted as
wetting time.

Foaming index: 1% w/v solution of the shampoo powder is prepared. Solution is

warmed slightly for 30 mins, cooled, filtered and volume is made upto 100 ml. 1,
2,…10ml of extract is taken separately in 10 test tubes and volume is made upto
10ml using water. Shake the test tubes at a speed of 2 frequency per second for
about 15 sec. then the test tubes are keptaside for 15 mins without shaking. Foam
height(a) is measured.

• Swelling index: About 1g of shampoo powder is taken into a glass stopper

cylinder containing 25ml of water. Then the measuring cylinder is shaken for 1
hour with an interval of 10 mins. The solution is kept aside for 3 hrs without
shaking. Volume is measured in ml.

• Nature of hair: By gathering the responses from volunteers’ nature of hair after
washing can be evaluated.

EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL LIQUID SHAMPOO :

• Organoleptic evaluation/visual assessment:

The prepared formulations are evaluated in terms of color, clarity, odor etc.
• pH determination:
The pH of the shampoo is measured by using pH meter.

• Percentage of solid content determination:

4g of shampoo is taken in a previously weighed evaporating dish and evaporated
by placing the evaporating dish on the hot plate. The final weight is noted down.
Percentage of solid contents of shampoo left after complete evaporation is
calculated.
• Rheological Evaluation:
The viscosity of the shampoo is determined by using Brookfield viscometer.

• Surface tension measurement:

Stalagmometer is used for determining surface tension of shampoo using chromic
acid and purified water. The data was calculated by equation given below:

R3 = (W3 -W1) n1×R1/(W2-W1) n2×R2

Where,
W1 is the weight of empty beaker.
W2 is the weight of beaker with distilled water.
W3 is the weight of beaker with shampoo solution.
N1 is the no. of drops of distilled water.
N2 is the no. of drops of shampoo solution.
R1 is the surface tension of distilled water at room temperature.
R2 is the surface tension of shampoo solution.

• Foaming ability and Foaming stability:

The cylinder shake method is employed in the foaming ability and stability test. In
this method 50ml of the 1% shampoo solution is taken in a 250ml graduated
cylinder and covered the cylinder with hand. The cylinder is then shaken for 10
times. The volume of the foam appeared due to shaking is measured after every
one minute consecutively for 5 minutes.

• Wetting time test:

Canvas paper is used to determine the wetting time of shampoo. The canvas was
cut into disc shape with 1 inch diameter with an average weight of 0.44 g. the
disc was allowed to float on the surface of 1% shampoo solution and the time
taken by the disc to start sinking in the shampoo solution is noted as wetting time.

• Dirt dispersion test

About 1% of shampoo solution taken in a test tube and 1 drop of India ink is
added. The test tube is stoppered and shaken for about 10 mins. The amount of
ink present in the foam is indicated as None, Light, Moderate, or Heavy.

• Cleaning action:
About 1 g of grease is spread on non-adsorbent cotton and kept in conical flask
containing 1% shampoo solution. The conical flask is shaken for 1 hr in
mechanical shaker. Cotton is collected, dried and weighed. The amount of grease
removed is :
T
DP = 100 (1 − )
C
Where,
C - Weight of grease in control sample
T - Weight of grease in test sample
DP-Percentage of detergency power

• Skin sensitization test:

Guinea pigs are used for skin sensitization test. They are divided into 7 groups
(n=3). Hairs on the back of the guinea pigs are shaved previously. Shampoos are
applied on the onto nude skin of animals. Formalin solution (0.8 %v/v) is applied
as a standard irritant on animal. The application site is graded according to the
erythema produced as: 0-none, 1-slight, 2-well defined, 3-moderate, 4-scar
formation(severe).

Conditioning performance evaluation:

Artificial hair strands measuring roughly 10 cm in length are gathered from
salons and split into two batches (control and test). One test hair sample is
washed with a specially designed shampoo, while the control sample is left
unwashed. The test sample needs to be dried and shampooed at least ten times.
Shampoo's conditioning efficacy is evaluated using the blind touch test method.
After being chosen, about twenty student volunteers are forced to handle the hair
samples. A number of 1 -4 indicates how well the shampoo conditions hair (4-
excellent, 3-good, 2-satisfactory, and 1-poor).
Eye irritation test:
Albino rabbits can be used for performing eye irritation test. The prepared
shampoo solution is allowed to fall into eyes of six albino rabbits. The damage
that is caused to rabbit’s eye at different time intervals is recorded. Eye Irritation
can be caused due to ulceration,
RESULT AND DISCUSSION :

Table No. 4 Test results of Herbal Shampoo

[Link]. Parameters Result

1. Colour Dark
Brownish
2. Odour Aromatic

3. pH Mild acidic
(6.2)
4. Foam type Small, Dense

5. Solid Content 1.12 gram

6. Texture Smooth

The Formulated shampoo was clear and good appealing. It demonstrated good stability,
detergency, cleansing, small bubble size, low surface strain and execute good conditioning
property.

The herbal shampoos are the preparations which are used for the washing and cleaning of hairs
and to provide nourishment. The herbal shampoos are widely used due to their no or less side
effects as compared to conventional shampoos, because it contains pure natural or herbal
ingredients rather than synthetic chemicals. Herbal shampoo does not require animal testing and
it is skin friendly. Herbal shampoo was formulated by mixing different Ingredients in specific
proportions. Selected plant materials are rich in polyphenol compounds such as alkaloid,
flavonoid, tannins and saponin. They have found to exhibit Anti hairfall, Anti dandruff,
cleansing, moisturising and surfactant properties. Physicochemical properties of the herbal
shampoo were statistically evaluated. The effectiveness of herbal shampoo containing Ficus
religiosa leaves, Hibiscus petals, Aloevera, Shikakai and Reetha can vary depending on several
factors, including individual hair type and condition. While these ingredients are commonly
used in ayurvedic and herbal hair care remedies, there is limited scientific research specifically
on the combination of these ingredients in shampoo form.
CONCLUSION:
The applications and significance of herbal shampoo are the main topics of this
review. Given that it is widely held that herbal products are risk-free and devoid
of adverse effects, it also covers the awareness of and necessity for cosmetics
containing herbal elements. It focuses on the kinds, preparation techniques, and
assessment of polyherbal shampoos.
The purpose of this study was to create a shampoo that is entirely herbal and
comparable to the synthetic shampoos that are sold now. We created a herbal
shampoo by utilizing plant extracts, which are widely utilized in traditional Asian
medicine and highly praised for their ability to cleanse hair. All of the
components that go into making shampoo are safer than synthetic conditioning
agents like silicones and polyquaterniums, and they also significantly lessen the
loss of hair or protein when combing. To deliver the conditioning properties, we
have used extracts from plants such as Sheekakai, Amla, Ziziphus, and others,
rather than cationic conditioners.
To assess and contrast the physicochemical characteristics of shampoos that were
prepared and commercialized, a number of tests were conducted. In quality
control tests, our prepared shampoo performed similarly to commercially
available shampoos, but more investigation and improvement are needed to raise
the product's overall caliber.
Herbal shampoos for hair growth are made to strengthen the hair follicles by
giving essential oils and nourishment all through the root and follicles. This, in
turn, promotes hair growth and stimulates

REFERENCE
1) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition, See
Shampoo; Also see Shampoo. Hobson-Jobson (1903), University of Chicago.

2) Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Koeln, Germany, (2008).

3) Shampoo, Etymology Dictionary (2006).

4) kSuNa, Sanskrit Lexicon, Monier-Williams Dictionary (1872)

5) phenaka, Spoken Sanskrit, University of Koeln, Germany

6) Rahman, History of Indian Science, Technology and Culture at Google Books,

Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195646528, 3
7) Tamil Nadu Medicinal plants board" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
on July21, 2011.

8) "Forestry :: Nursery Technologies". [Link].

9) Khushwant Singh, Hymns of Guru Nanak, Orient Longman, ISBN 978-

8125011613

10) Virginia Smith (2007), Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity,
OxfordUniversity Press, ISBN 978-0199297795

11) Teltscher, Kate (2000). "The Shampooing Surgeon and the Persian Prince:
Two Indians in Early Nineteenth-century Britain". Interventions: International
Journal of Postcolonial Studies. 2 (3): 409–23. doi:10.1080/13698010020019226.
S2CID 161906676.

12) Victoria Sherrow, Encyclopedia of hair: a cultural history, 2007 s.v.

"Advertising" p. 7.

13) "From Pert: Do You Wash and Go?". Company Science Behind the Brands.
Procter andGamble. Archived from the original on 2007-02-16. Retrieved 2007-
03-26.

14) "Agar RAMBUT Selalu Sehat". Kompas Cyber Media. 2004-04-11.

Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-26.

15) Diaz, Eden C. (1990). Home Economics, Practical Arts and Livelihood
Education for College: Book Two. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 75. ISBN 978-
971-23-0795-9. Retrieved 18.
16) Kothari S, Patidar K, Solanki R. Polyherbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo: Basic
Concept, Benefits, and Challenges. Asian J. Pharm. 2018; 12(3): S849- 58.

17) Ankule A, Wani S D, Murkute P M, Pundkar A S. Multipurpose herbal

powder shampoo. World j. pharm. life sci. 2020; 6(5): 166- 182.

18) Gubitosa J, Rizzi V, Fini P, Cosma P. Hair Care Cosmetics: From Traditional
Shampoo toSolid Clay and Herbal Shampoo, A Review. Cosmetics. 2019; 6(13): 1-
16.

19) Mottram F.J. Hair Shampoos. In: ButlerH. (eds)Poucher’s Perfumes,

Cosmetics and [Link] Britain: academic publishers;1993.

20) Joshi N, Patidar K, Solanki R, Mahawar V. Preparation and evaluation of

herbal hair growth promoting shampoo formulation containing Piper betle and

Psidium guajava leaves extract. Int. J. Green Pharm. 2018; 12(4): S835- 39.

21) Pundkar A S, Ingale S P. Formulation and evaluation of herbal liquid

shampoo. World [Link]. Res. 2020;9(5):901-11.

22) .[Link]

hair/retrieved on 19/08/2021

23) [Link]
hair/retrieved on 20/08/2021

24) Haritha PN, Supraja P, Samreen S, Hrudayanjali, Qureshi M, Sandya P,

Swetha T., A Review on Polyherbal Shampoo Powder. Int. J Pharm Res. 2021;
21(2): 346-63.

25) Jacob Rhea, Sakthivel KM, Kannan N, Guruvayoorappan C. Formulation of

cost- effective herbal shampoo powder: a comparative study with market
 shampoos. Int. J.
Curr. Res. 2015;7(2):12645-49.
26) Patil SS, Mane YJ, Mohite SK. Formulation and evaluation of herbal
shampoo powder. Int. J. [Link].2015;3(3):939-46.

27) Pundkar A S, Ingale S P. Formulation and evaluation of herbal liquid

shampoo. World [Link]. Res. 2020;9(5):901-11.

28) Snehal1 W, Nitin K, Vaibhav B. Preparation & evaluation of antidandruff

polyherbal powder shampoo. Pharmacophore. 2014; 5(1): 77

29) M. J. Campion, Hobson-Jobson: The words English owes to India. BBC

News, 11 July 2012.

30) Salas, Kinny (21 March 2014). "Thick, lush, sexy hair from drugstore
products".
Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014.
Retrieved 18 June 2021.

31) Gonzales, Lucas L.; Quimio, Marcos J. Jr.; Calinawan, Rogelio. "Response of
gugo to differing potting media" (PDF). Canopy International. Department of
Environment
Natural Resources. 27: 3. ISSN 0115-0960. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18
June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.

33) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition, See Shampoo;
Also see Shampoo. Hobson-Jobson
(1903), University of Chicago.

34) "Agar RAMBUT Selalu Sehat". Kompas Cyber Media. 2004-04-11. Archived from
the original on 2007-03-12.
Retrieved 2007-03-26

35) Harrison JL, Davis KD. Cold-evoked pain varieswith skin type and cooling rate:
a psychophysical study in humans Pain., 1999; 83: 123–135