UiTM SERI ISKANDAR
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING &
SURVEYING
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II
COLUMNS & BEAMS
CODE:
BST150
MATRIC NO:
2022836928
NAME:
MUHAMMAD NAJMI BIN NOR AMALI
GROUP:
AP119/2D
LECTURER NAME:
SITI ZUBAIDAH BINTI HASHIM
BST150 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 DETAILS OF BUILDING SELECTED ........................................................................................1
1.1 TITLE ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 LOCATION ..................................................................................................................................2
1.3 BUILDING AREA .......................................................................................................................3
1.4 LAND AREA ...............................................................................................................................4
2.0 COLUMNS ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Introduction of Column .......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Method of Construction for Column ...................................................................................5
2.2 BEAMS ............................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction of Beam .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Method of Construction for Beam .......................................................................................8
3.0 PLAN OF BUILDING SELECTED ............................................................................................11
4.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13
TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 1: Location of Sports Complex building ............................................................................... 2
Figure 2: The Sports Complex building .......................................................................................... 2
Figure 3: Building of area for Sports Complex ................................................................................3
Figure 4: Land of area for Sports Complex ..................................................................................... 4
Figure 5: Plan of Sport Complex ....................................................................................................5
Figure 6: Formwork for the column ...............................................................................................6
Figure 7: In the process of pouring the concrete ............................................................................7
Figure 8: Pouring the water to increase the strength of concrete ................................................... 7
Figure 9: Building Plan Section A-A ............................................................................................... 8
Figure 10: In the process of installing the formwork ...................................................................... 9
Figure 11: The process of curing and strength development ........................................................ 10
Figure 12: In the process to remove the formwork ...................................................................... 10
Figure 13: Plan building 1st floor ................................................................................................ 11
Figure 14: Plan building 2nd floor ............................................................................................... 11
Figure 15: Plan building 3rd floor ................................................................................................ 12
Figure 16: Plan building Section A-A ............................................................................................12
Figure 17: Plan building Section B-B ............................................................................................ 12
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BST150 2023
1.0 DETAILS OF BUILDING SELECTED
1.1 TITLE
The selected Sports Complex at University Technology Mara (UiTM) Seri Iskandar,
Perak, is situated adjacent to the sports field, providing ample space for multiple courts. Due
to its size and flexibility, this building can also function as a versatile multipurpose hall,
serving various purposes depending on the requirements.
The Sports Complex operates primarily from 8 am to 5 pm, with special permission
granted to individuals like athletes and participants in club activities to use the facilities
beyond these hours. Additionally, the Sports Complex serves as a storage facility for sports
equipment, making it accessible to other students for their use. This arrangement is among
the advantages that the Sports Complex offers to the students of UiTM Seri Iskandar, Perak.
Additionally, the existence of this building can be a motivation for the student to keep
a healthy lifestyle because of various reasons. Of course, if the Sports Complex exists, there
must be a field or court for other related sports such as a tennis court, takraw court, futsal,
and others. In a university setting, a sports complex with a gym or sporting goods can benefit
students in a number of ways.
One of it is that students can participate in physical activities and regular exercise at
a sports complex. They can improve their strength, endurance, flexibility, and general fitness
by using the gym and sporting equipment. Physical health, energy levels, and mental well-
being can all be enhanced by regular exercise.
Overall, having a sports complex with a gym and sporting goods offers university
students various advantages, including improved physical and mental health, skill
development, social interaction, and overall campus life.
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1.2 LOCATION
The location of the building is nearby the main entrance and back entrance of UiTM.
The students who live in the area of Kolej Pasir Salak(KPS) are the most farther than any
other students who live in UiTM.
Figure 1: Location of Sports Complex building
The view of the building from the front
Figure 2: The Sports Complex building
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1.3 BUILDING AREA
After knowing the location of the building we use google maps as a method to find
the area of the building and measure it. Later we make a calculation and found how large the
building is in meters per square (m2).
Figure 3: Building of area for Sports Complex
This is the total building area for the Sports Complex building:
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1.4 LAND AREA
The land area of the Sports Complex is larger than the building area and we estimate
it is around 5 times larger than the building area. The image that has been provided can act
as proof of the total land area around the building.
Figure 4: Land of area for Sports Complex
This is the total land area for the Sports Complex:
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2.0 COLUMNS
2.1 Introduction of Column
Columns are vertical structural components that move loads from a building's upper
levels to the ground floor or lower levels. In most cases, they are made to withstand
compressive forces and offer vertical support for the weight of the structure above.
Depending on the architectural and structural requirements, columns can be square,
rectangular, circular, or even customised in size and shape.
Columns are usually designed to resist compressive forces, as they primarily carry
vertical loads. They are used in various types of structures, including residential buildings,
commercial complexes, bridges, and industrial facilities. Columns can be constructed using
materials such as concrete, steel, timber, or composite materials, depending on the specific
requirements of the project.
In other words, columns are vertical structural elements that provide support and
stability to buildings and other structures. They transfer loads from the upper parts of the
structure to the foundation or lower levels, ensuring the safe distribution of load. Columns
are designed and constructed to withstand compressive load and play a crucial role in
maintaining the overall structural integrity of the building.
2.2 Method of Construction for Column
Figure 5: Plan of Sport Complex
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Figure 5 shows the construction plan for the sports complex at UiTM Seri Iskandar in
Perak. The black pitch square within the red circle represents a column that protects the
building from falls or other unforeseen events. According to my research, the type of column
for the sports complex is similar to a tied column or rectangular column.
The method of construction for the column is not very different from any other type
because it’s using the same material and is under the category of an RCC(Reinforced
Cement Concrete) Column.
The method of construction for the column in the Sports Complex:
1. Column Design: Structural engineers design the column based on the structural
requirements of the building and the expected loads it will bear. The design process takes
into account factors such as the type of structure, building codes, and safety regulations.
2. Formwork Installation: Formwork is constructed to provide a temporary mold or
framework for pouring concrete. The formwork is typically assembled using timber, plywood,
or steel panels and is securely braced to withstand the pressure exerted by the wet concrete
during pouring and curing.
Figure 6: Formwork for the column
3. Reinforcement Placement: Steel reinforcement bars, or rebars, are placed within the
formwork in accordance with the design specifications. The rebars are placed vertically
along the length of the column to ensure proper cover from the formwork and adequate
strength and corrosion resistance.
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BST150 2023
4. Concrete Pouring: Once the formwork and reinforcement are in place, concrete is
poured into the formwork. The concrete mixture is prepared based on the required strength
and durability specifications. It is poured carefully to ensure proper compaction and to
eliminate voids or air pockets.
Figure 7: In the process of pouring the concrete
5. Curing and Strength Development: After pouring, the concrete needs time to cure and
gain strength. Curing methods such as moist curing or the use of curing compounds may be
employed to maintain a controlled environment and promote proper hydration of the
concrete. This ensures the development of the desired strength and durability of the tied
column.
Figure 8: Pouring the water to increase the strength of concrete
6. Tying to Other Structural Elements: Once the tied column has achieved sufficient
strength, it is connected or tied to other structural elements such as beams or slabs. This
connection is typically achieved through steel reinforcement bars that extend from the
column and are embedded or tied into the adjacent elements. The reinforcement bars
provide continuity and transfer of loads between the column and the connected elements.
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2.2 BEAMS
2.1 Introduction of Beam
Beams are horizontal or inclined structural members that distribute loads, such as the
weight of the floors, walls, and roof, to the supporting columns or walls. They primarily resist
bending and transmit loads along their length to the vertical supports. Beams are typically
designed to resist bending, shear, and deflection, ensuring the safe distribution of loads
throughout the building.
Beams are commonly used in various types of structures, ranging from residential
homes and commercial buildings to bridges and industrial facilities. They can be made of
different materials, including concrete, steel, timber, or composite materials, depending on
the specific requirements of the project.
In general, beams are essential structural elements in building construction that
aids in load distribution and support. They are designed and built to withstand forces while
also ensuring the structure's overall stability and integrity.
2.2 Method of Construction for Beam
Figure 9: Building Plan Section A-A
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Figure 9 depicts a building plan from another perspective to show us the beam that
lies inside the building and is not visible from the outside. This plan, also known as Section
A-A, allows us to clearly see the beams, and the red circle indicates which one is the beam.
The beams within the Sports Complex are RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete)
Columns, which are strong against compression and tension, durable, and have long
lifespans. This is the most common and widely used type of beam in the building
construction industry. The beam in the Sports Complex is of the fixed beam type, which is
appropriate for this type of building.
The method of construction for the beam in the Sports Complex:
1. Design and Structural Analysis: The design of the beam is carried out by structural
engineers, and structural analysis is performed to determine the dimensions, reinforcement
requirements, and overall design of the beam.
2. Formwork Construction: Formwork, also known as shuttering, is constructed to provide
temporary support and shape for the concrete during pouring and curing. It is designed to
withstand the weight of the wet concrete and provide the desired shape and alignment for
the beam.
Figure 10: In the process of installing the formwork
3. Reinforcement Placement: Steel reinforcement bars, also known as rebars, are placed
within the formwork according to the design specifications. The rebars are positioned and
secured to provide strength and durability to the beam
4. Concrete Pouring: Once the formwork and reinforcement are in place, concrete is
poured into the formwork. The concrete mixture is prepared based on the required strength
and durability needs.
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5. Curing and Strength Development: After pouring, the concrete needs time to cure and
gain strength. Curing methods such as moist curing or the use of curing compounds may be
employed to maintain a controlled environment and promote proper hydration of the
concrete. This allows the beam to develop the desired strength over time.
Figure 11: The process of curing and strength development
6. Formwork Removal: After the concrete has sufficiently cured and gained strength, the
formwork can be removed. The formwork is carefully dismantled, taking precautions not to
damage the newly formed beam. The removed formwork can be reused for subsequent
construction activities
Figure 12: In the process to remove the formwork
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3.0 PLAN OF BUILDING SELECTED
Figure 13: Plan building 1st floor
Figure 14: Plan building 2nd floor
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Figure 15: Plan building 3rd floor
Figure 16: Plan building Section A-A
Figure 17: Plan building Section B-B
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4.0 REFERENCES
Internet:
1. (30/06/2023), Madeh Izat Hamakareem, (18/09/2018), Types of Column in Building,
[Link]
2. (30/06/2023), Ramjack, (16/12/2020), Why beam & column are important,
[Link]
construction#:~:text=Beams%20support%20the%20weight%20of,called%20transfer%20bea
ms%20are%20used.
3. (30/06/2023), Vinay Jain, (16/10/2016), Type of RCC column & it’s methods,
[Link]
4. (01/07/2023), Madeh Izat Hamakareem (12/09/2018), Beam Construction Process,
[Link]
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