HISTORY OE

VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball inl895by
was invented

[Link],phyical of
director
the Young Men'sChristian
Association
(YMCA) inHolyoke,
Massachusetts.
Itwas designedas an indoorsportforbusinessmenwho found
thenew game ofbasketball
toovigorous.

Mongan called
thesportmintonette," a professor
until from
CollegeinMassachusetts
Sspringfield natureof
notedthe volleying
playand proposedthename ofvolleyball."
The original
rules
were
by Morgan andprinted
written inthe first ofthe Official
edition
[Link]
Leagueofthe YoungMen'sChristian
Associations
of NorthAmerica(I897).
The game soon provedto

have wide appealforbothmales and femalesinschools,

thearmed forces,
playgrounds, and otherorganizations
inthe
UnitedStates,
and itwas subsequently
introduced
toother
countries.
 PLAYFIELD
| Ran bench
Soorers
tabia
am bench

Ubero LIbero
replacement
zena Substitution
zone replacement zone
Free zone

line
1Coachs estriction
Sdoins

m
3-8 metres

Back zoe Rack 2ne

Servicezone ServiceZone

Front Front
20ne 20ne 3-8 matres
Sidllne

9metres 9 metres
Antenna

24-34 metres

DIMENSIONS
courtisl&m longand 9m wide and issuroundedby a
The playing
freezone 3m wide on allsides.

The space above theplaying

areaisknown as thefreeplaying

space andisa minimum ofZm highfrom theplaying

surface.

PLAYING SURFACE
surfaceisAlatand a ight
The playing For FIVB,
colour. worldand
official onlya wooden orsynthetic
competitions, surface
is
allowed.

Whitecoloursare required Otherdifferent

forthe lines. colours
are required
fortheplaying
courtandfreezone.
LINE MARKINGS
Alllines
on thecourtare 5cm wide and are a light
colourdiffere
from the colourofthefloor.

The boundarylines
arethetwo sidelines
and end lines.
The
centreline
divides
theplaying
courtintotwo equalcourts,
Sm x
Im [Link]
extendsfrom beneaththenetfrom sideline
to

each courttherearedge oftheattackline

[Link] isdrawn
Sm back from the middleofthe centreline
and marksthefront
ZOne.

ZONES AND AREAs

The front by the axisofthe centre
zone on each courtislimited
and therearedge ofthe attackline.
line The front
zoneextends
to the end ofthefreezone.
beyondthesidelines
zone isa Fm wide area behindeach end line
The service and
extendstotheend [Link]
is15cm longand drawn
20cm behindtheend line ofthe sidelines.
as an extension

The substitution
zone extendsfrom bothattacklines
tothe
table.
scorer's
The Libero
Replacement
zoneispartof thefreezone on the
same sideas theteam benches,extending
from the attackline
up
to the end line.

Apenalty
area,Im x lm,islocated of
area outside
inthe control
theendlines.
 NETS AND POSTS
The netis2.43m highformen and 2.24m highforwomen. It
is

placedvertically lt
overthecentreline. islmwideand 9.5m-1Om
longand isIOcm squareblackmesh.
ofthenetismeasuredfromthecentreoftheplaying
The height
court.

NetAntennagivesvolleyball
The Volleyball players
and
referees
a visual isinplayor
aidtojudgewhetherornota ball
outofboundsas it
travels Net
overthe [Link] Volleyball
Antennafeatures
positive-traction
molded clampsthatfasten
firmly
to thetop and
bottomcables

The 2.55m highpostsare [Link] outside

theside
lines.

The postsare roundedand fixed

tothegroundwithout
wires.

12 9
 RULES
AND THE LATEST CHANCES

1THE SIZE OF A VOLLEYBALL TEAM

The sizeoftheteam varies butmost offenfeam

inleagues,

Can have 12 players

on the roster.
One oftheplayers
iscaleda libero,
defensive
specialist
colorshirt.
who iswearingdifferent
(Oftenininternational
tournamentsand matchesbetween

teams a roster
thenational 2 ofthem
can include14 players,

beingliberos).
A match isplayedby two feams of6 players.

[Link] THE VOLLEYBALL COURT

The courtis
divided row and backrow.3
to front of the

players
arefront
row players
and other& are backrow

players.
 PLAYERS ROTATION INVOLLEYBALL
Players -everytimea team winsa
rotateon thecourtclockwise

rally
after
theopponent's
serve.

Players
won'trotateafter a poit
winning after
own serve.

BASIC RULES OF VLLEYBALL:

Only6 playerson thefloor
atany giventime:3
inthefront
row
and 3 intheback row.

•Pointsaremade on everyserveforthewinningteam ofthe rally

(rally-point
scoring).
Players
may baltwiceinsuccession
not hitthe (ablockis
not
considered
a hit).

•Ball
may be playedoff a volley
the netdluring and on a serve.
A ballhitting
a boundarylineisin.
A ball it
isoutif hitsa antennae,
thefloor
completely
outside
the

any ofthenetor cables

court, outside
theantennae,
thereferee
standor pole,or
or theceiling
above a non-playable
area.
Itis tocontact
legal the ball
withany partofa player's
body.
tisilegal .
to catch holdorthrowtheball.

•Aplayercannotblockor attacka sevefrom on or inside

the 10
footline.

Affertheserve,front-line
playersmay switchpositionsatthenet.
• Matchesaremade up ofsets;thenumber depends on level
of
play.
VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS
rule
Committingany ofthesevolleyball violafions ina
results

fortheopponent
point

whilemaking
linewhen serving
Steppingon or acrosstheservice
contactwiththe ball.

toservetheballoverthenetsuccessfully.
Failure

Bal-kandling theballilgally
errorsand contacting (double
carying
liting,
fouching, etc)
throwing,

Touchingthenetwithany partofthe body whiletheballisin

play.
•Blocking ball
a comingfromtheopponent's
courtand contacfin
the ball overthenetif
when reaching youropponenthas notused
S contactsAND has a player
theretomake a playon theball

a ball
Attacking courtand
comingfromtheopponant's
theball
contacting overthenetwhen thebllhas
when reaching
planeofthenet.
notyetbrokenthe vertical

Crossing withany partofyourbody,with

thecourtcenterline
theexception Itis
ofa hand or foot. onlyconsidered if
a violation
theentire footcrossesthecourtcenterline.
hand or entire

outofrotation
Serving or outoforde.
 •Back row playerblocking(deflecting
a bll coming fromthe

theback row
pponet) when, atthemoment ofcontact,
body above thetop
isnearthenetand has partoftheir
player
[Link] ilegal
block.
a ball
aftacking
Back row player thefront
inside zone (the

areainsidethe3M/I0-foot when, atthemoment of

line)

theballis
contact, above [Link] illegal
completely

attack

CHANGES MADE IN VOLLEYBALL 2022-2024

TACCORDING TO FIVB]
andRulesoftheGame
ofthe FIVBRefereeing
The President

Comnission,
Guillermo
Paredes,
presented
theproposedchanges

toCongressdelegates 6 [Link]
on Saturday

were approvedwithl60votesfor,
proposals and I
3 against
abstention.

Rule5 was revised

Involleyball, to be eithe
toallowthelibero
that,
The Commissionreasoned
theteam or game captain.

although frequety
thelibero entersand leavesthecourt,
same

Lasteam captaininmany cases,thereis noreason

a to notallow

thelibero
to be captain.
 A changeto volleyball
Rule15.8was alsoapprovedto
prevent
a team which has already
exhausted
itssix
substitutios
from beingleft
incomplete
by theexpulsion
or
ofa player.
disqualification As such,teams will
now be able
inthe eventofa player
to playa substitute on courtbeing

expelled
or disqualitied ofthenumber of
regardless
substitutes
alreadyused.

Ryule 7 on playing
theball,
whichpreviously
specified
that
theball
can be recoveredby theteam overthescoring
table

KIbut
olyon thehalfofthetablethatison theirsideofthe
court, Thischange will
was corrected. ensureeven more

spectacular by allowing
rallies players
tojump overthe
scoring
tablewithout by a former
beinginterrupted
ofRule9.
fechnicality

Rulel4.6inboth volleyball
Inaddition, and beach volleyba
Was modified
toallowsimultaneous
contactbythe blocker
and attacker sideofthe net,and therefor
on the attacker's

improvethe flowofthegame.
Due to the postponementofthe ympe Games Tokyo
2020,theimplementation
ofthesenew rules
will
beginon
January2022
Ist
 EQUIPMENTS
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

AnkleBraces
•Arm Sleeves Poles
Bags and Backpacks • Scorecards
BallHammock
ServingMachines
Ball
Pump •Shoes
R Balls
Training
Equipment
Carts • Water Bottles
•Coaches Clipboard Locator
Rotation
•ElbowPads
Finger
Tape
•FloorTape
e Jerseys
KneePads
•LinePainter
Net

Penaltycards

RecoveryGear
 IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES

Yekaterina
DAY BANK C
Wallacede Souza Gamova Saeid Marouf
(Brazi) (Rysia) lran)

9 Shinhan

10
YaiNishida Yakilshikawa Kim Yeon-Koung
Japan) (Japan) (South Korea)

JimmnyGeorge MicahChristenson
(lndia) (USA)
 SKILL SET AND TERMINOL0GIES
INVOLLEYBALL
[Link] PASSING OR BUMPING
Itis
one of themost basicskills
in

alsoknown as
ispassing,
volleyball
[Link]
iswhen a player
contacts
the volleyball
withtheir
forearmsand
redirects toone oftheir
theball

teammates.A good pass will

make it

easierforthesetter
togeta good setup
"lt
tothehitter. witha pass"!
starts

2. NOLLEYING

isa more generictem that

A volley
the ball as an
means contacting

overhead pass with your hands

A set is
(mosty your fingers).
a typeofvolley.
actually

or it
can be used on yourowm sideofthecourt,
A volley can be used

the ballback overthe net.

way of getting
as an offensive
 [Link]

A setis
a specialized
typeof
li's
volley. thesecondhit,
usually
and it's
intended
tosetup one of

yourteammates toattackthebal. 10

So,itis
basically the ball
volleying
ina way thatmeans theattacker
can hit
theballoverthenet.
The difference
betweena setand a regular
volley
isthatyou are
iton targetisthemost
way. Getting
aimingyoursetina veryspecific
factor
important the
when setting bl.
4ATTACKING OR SPIKING

Hiting
orspiking
iswhen a jumps
player
witha one-armed
the ball
up and hits

motion,contacting
overheadswinging
slighty
theballsquarelywiththeir open
ofa hitispurepower
[Link] intent -
jumpinghelpsgeneratemore power and
momentum.

playeralsoaims the ball

A skilled
aroundtheblockand targetsthe areaof

theopposing areathat
team'splaying

theythinkhastheweakestdefense.
 5. DIVING/DIGGING

Diving
isbasically
crashingto inan al-out
thefloor attempttokeep
the ballfrom
touching Okay,its
thefloor. notreally
aboutcrashing

tothefloo.,
using wilnotonlyhelpyou save your,
a good technique
body some achesandpains, some skiland
butusing coordination
chance ofactually
means you have a better keeping
thebll inplay.

Affera
bit practice,
of digging It
becomnes second nature. iswhen the

player
divesandslides
fortheball,
keeping hand as flat
their on the
groundas possible, bounces offtheir
so thattheballjust handand
staysinplay.

6. BLOCKING

isa skill
Blocking whereinthe

player
deflects
theballfrom

theopponent,The goalisto
attack
preventa successful
andtheotherteam from
scoring The blocker'sjob
a point. isto blockthespikedballso that
it
goes backtotheopposingteam'[Link]
isa
defensive
play.
 7. SERVING
Everyplayin volleyball The player
witha serve.
starts who servesis
theserver",
called Usually
a serverusesone,open hand toswing

oveheadand sendthe ball

overthenetfrom behindtheendt tine.
UNDERHAND SERVE:

An underhand serveisa typeofserveinwhichthe playerholdstheballin

one hand,swingstheotherinan arcmotionbelow thewaistand stikes

the balfrom thebottomwitha fist

to putit
inplay.

OVERHAND:

An overhandserveinvolleyball
isa serveinwhichtheplayer
tossestheball
it
withone hand andstrikesinthe airabovetheir
headwiththeotherhand.

ismore advancedthanunderhandbutthatdoes notmean

Overhandserving
it's
impossible.
FLOATER:

A serveisa typeofserve
float whereinthe ball Thismakes it
does notspin.

to [Link]
and thus,more difficult
unpredictable, can go left,
right
oreven

drop abruptly. executedfloat

A properly serveinvolleyball
givesyourteam a
competitive
edge
TOPSPIN:

itspinsrapidly
forwardfrom [Link] servertosses
the ball higherthannormal,strikes
a little the ball
toward
thetop ofthe back ina downward and outwardmotion

and thenfollows swing

throughwiththeir
 COMMON INJURIES
ofacute
a risk
Althoughtheteams areseparatedby a net,thereisstill
Anklesprains
and beach volleybal.
inboth volleyball
jinury areimost

both ankles
have sprained
Many players
common injury. several

arealsocomnmon, buttheseinjuries
fingers
Sprained
fimes.
are

mild,allowing
usually fortheplayer faity
to recunetraining quicky.
Acutekneeinjuries
arefarless playes
common forvolleyball than
football
forhandballor players,but youngfemaleplayers
are, stil

tokneeligamentinjuries.
suscephible
knees,
youngandolder,
Among eliteplayers, and lower
shoulders

About 40% ofmale elite

backareoftentroublesome. players

|suffer kise.
fromjumper's Foryoung femaleplayers,
painsyndrome isa cómmon kneeproblem.
patelofemoral

Common injuries:
Anklesprain, ACL injury,
Fingersprain, Collateral
ligament

injury, painsyndrome,Low back

Jumper'sknee,Patellofemoral
shoulder
Thrower's
pain,
 SPECIFIC WARMING UP AND
CONDITIONING
warnupsand stretches
The 20 bestvolleyball are:

[Link]
[Link]
kneehug

[Link] [Link] Rotation

[Link]
laterally
I7.
Front legturn
straight

[Link] squat [Link] soldier

[Link] stretch 12Lateral

lungeandskip

[Link] 20,Highskips

[Link]-man
exeroise

[Link],
toesout

[Link]

[Link]

RHopscotch

12,Lungeelbowtuckwithhanstring
stretch

voleyball
I3,Basic shuffle

4,Sumo shuffle