االسم :حازم محيي محمد محمد اباظة
الفرقة الرابعة ميكانيكا
الرقم المسلسل21:
Report: Types of Refrigeration
system
Following are the types of refrigeration that are
explained below:
1. Mechanical compression refrigeration
2. Evaporative cooling
3. Absorption refrigeration
4. Thermoelectric refrigeration
5. Vapor refrigeration
#1 Mechanical Compression Refrigeration
Mechanical compression refrigeration systems are
commonly used for commercial and industrial refrigeration
as well as air conditioning. In these types of refrigeration
systems, the refrigerant vapor is compressed by means of
a centrifugal, screw, or reciprocating compressor.
Mechanical refrigeration systems have high power
consumption for the compressor and pumps needed for
the cooling water circuit. After compression, the vapor
passes to a condenser where it condenses, this vapor is
then expanded into an expansion valve and gives a
cooling effect.
#2 Evaporative Cooling
Evaporative cooling systems use water to cool the air
brought in from outside the home. Water is pumped onto
the pad through which air passes, and the air loses its
heat from the water, this process is known as evaporative
cooling. Then electrical power is supplied to the pumps
and blower fans.
An evaporate cooling system is easier than an air
conditioner-based refrigerant because it takes less power
to cool the air. It also has the benefit of bringing fresh air
and increasing humidity in dry conditions.
#3 Absorption Refrigeration
Absorption refrigeration is a system that uses a heat
source (which may be solar power or a fossil-fueled flame)
to provide the energy needed to run the cooling process. It
uses two types of coolant; the first coolant performs
evaporative cooling and is then absorbed into the second
coolant.
Now, heat is required to reset the two coolants to their
primary state. This principle also is used for air-
conditioning buildings using waste heat from gas
turbines or water heaters. Absorption refrigeration
systems are commonly used in recreational vehicles,
campers, and caravans
#4 Thermoelectric Refrigeration
The thermoelectric refrigeration system normally works on
the principle of the Peltier effect. This effect makes a
variation in temperature by transferring heat between the
two conductor junctions. A voltage is applied between the
connected conductors to produce electric current.
When current passes through the junctions of two
conductors, heat is eliminated at one junction and cooling
occurs. Now, heat is collected at the second junction.
However, practically the main application of the Peltier
effect is cooling. It can also be used as a temperature
controller which can be either hot or cold.
#5 Vapor Refrigeration
The vapor refrigeration can be further classified as:
1. Vapor compression refrigeration
2. Vapor absorption refrigeration
1. Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR):
This type of refrigeration uses a liquid refrigerant in a
closed system that circulates the refrigerant through four
stages in which it is compressed and expanded to
alternate between vapor and liquid form without leaving
the refrigerating area.
During the evaporation process, it absorbs heat from the
cold body, and this heat is used as its latent heat to
convert from liquid to vapor. In condensing process, the
heat is rejected to external bodies, thus creating a cooling
effect in the working fluid.
This method is widely used for the air conditioning of
buildings and automobiles. Moreover, oil refineries,
chemical processing plants, and natural gas processing
plants are types of industrial plants that often use vapor-
compression refrigeration systems.
2. Vapor Absorption Refrigeration (VAR):
These types of refrigeration consist of evaporators, absorbers,
generators, condensers, expansion valves, pumps, and
reducing valves. Vapor absorption refrigeration systems
(VARS) are primarily used where high power is not readily
available.
VAR systems use water-lithium bromide sets and are used
extensively in large-capacity air conditioning systems. In these
systems, water is used as the refrigerant and a solution of
lithium bromide in water is used as the absorbent.
Vapor absorption refrigeration systems use heat energy for
refrigeration which is less expensive to produce than VCR
systems. VAR systems are suitable for locations where heat
energy is available at a low cost. These are widely used in
steam power plants.
