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40th China Mathematical Olympiad Problems

The document outlines problems from the 40th China Mathematical Olympiad, divided into two days. It includes mathematical proofs and conjectures involving sequences, geometry, number theory, and inequalities. Each problem requires rigorous mathematical reasoning to establish the proposed statements.

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201 views2 pages

40th China Mathematical Olympiad Problems

The document outlines problems from the 40th China Mathematical Olympiad, divided into two days. It includes mathematical proofs and conjectures involving sequences, geometry, number theory, and inequalities. Each problem requires rigorous mathematical reasoning to establish the proposed statements.

Uploaded by

jsksksksksjsjsjjsiss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The 40th China Mathematical Olympiad

Day 1

α2
1. Let α > 1 be an irrational number and L be a integer such that L > α−1 . A
sequence x1 , x2 , · · · satisfies that x1 > L and for all positive integers n,
(
bαxn c if xn 6 L
xn+1 =  xn  .
α if xn > L

Prove that
(i) {xn } is eventually periodic.
(ii) The eventual fundamental period of {xn } is an odd integer which doesn’t depend
on the choice of x1 .

2. Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I. Denote the midpoints of AI, AC and CI by
L, M and N respectively. Point D lies on segment AM such that BC = BD. Let
the incircle of triangle ABD be tangent to AD and BD at E and F respectively.
Denote the circumcenter of triangle AIC by J, and the circumcircle of triangle
JM D by ω. Lines M N and JL meet ω again at P and Q respectively. Prove that
P Q, LN and EF are concurrent.

3. Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be integers such that a1 > a2 > · · · > an > 1. Let M =


lcm (a1 , a2 , . . . , an ). For any finite nonempty set X of positive integers, define
Xx
f (X) = min .
16i6n ai
x∈X

Such a set X is called minimal if for every proper subset Y of it, f (Y ) < f (X)
always holds.
2
Suppose X is minimal and f (X) > an . Prove that

|X| 6 f (X) · M.
The 40th China Mathematical Olympiad

Day 2

4. The fractional distance between two points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is defined as
q
kx1 − x2 k2 + ky1 − y2 k2 ,

where kxk denotes the distance between x and its nearest integer. Find the largest
real r such that there exists four points on the plane whose pairwise fractional
distance are all at least r.

5. Let p be a prime number and f be a bijection from {0, 1, . . . , p − 1} to itself. Suppose


that for integers a, b ∈ {0, 1, . . . , p − 1}, |f (a) − f (b)| 6 2024 if p | a2 − b. Prove that
there exists infinite many p such that there exists such an f and there also exists
infinite many p such that there doesn’t exist such an f .

Pn Pn 2
Pn 3
6. Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be real numbers such that i=1 ai = n, i=1 ai = 2n, i=1 ai =
3n.
(i) Find the largest constant C, such that for all n > 4,

max {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } − min {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } > C.

(ii) Prove that there exists a positive constant C2 , such that


3
max {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } − min {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } > C + C2 n− 2 ,

where C is the constant determined in (i).

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