Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower

Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___

Grammar
Definition: A set of standard rules that indicates how our thoughts can be expressed is called
Grammar.
Or The particular analysis of the rule of a language is called Grammar.
Some important Terminologies
1. Alphabet: A set of letters, symbols, or characters that is arranged in a fixed order and is
used for writing a language and representing the basic sounds in speech is called
Alphabet.
2. Letter: A character that represents one or more of the sounds in speech is called Letter.
e.g. A, B, C, etc
3. Words: A meaningful sound or combination of sounds that is unit of a language and is
made up of letters is called word.
E.g. book, bat, boy, etc.
4. Phrase: A group of words that does not have any subject and verb, but express a
particular idea or meaning and form a part of sentence is called Phrase.
E. g in the class, on the table, between the streets, etc.
5. Clause: A group of words having a subject and verb that forms a part of sentence is
called Clause. E.g. Ali is sick, he cannot come today.
Clause Clause
6. Sentence: A group of words having a subject and a verb/predicate and which gives a
complete sense or meaning is called sentence.
Sentence written in English begin with a capital letter and usually end with a full stop
(affirmative sentence) or a question mark (interrogative sentence).
E.g. Ayan is from Saddo.
Where are you from?
Main Parts of a Sentence:
Sentence has two main parts:
1. Subject: The person or thing we are talking about in a sentence is called subject.
E.g. Ali plays cricket.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Ali is student.
2. Predicate: A part of the sentence talking about the subject is called predicate.
E.g. She eats a mango.
We study.
Predicate= verb+object / or simply a verb.
Exercise
Match the Definitions
Match the terms in Column A with their correct definitions in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Alphabet A. A group of words that express a complete idea.
2. Clause B. A set of letters used to write a language.
3. Sentence C. A meaningful combination of letters that form a unit of language.
4. Phrase D. A group of words with a subject and verb.
5. Word E. A group of words without a subject and verb.

Identify the Type

Read the following examples and write whether they are an Alphabet, Letter, Word, Phrase,
Clause, or Sentence.
1. A, B, C
2. In the park
3. The cat is sleeping.
4. Because it rained
5. Ball
6. Under the table
Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks using the correct grammatical terms:
1. A ______ is made up of letters and gives meaning.
2. A ______ starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop or question mark.
3. A ______ includes a subject and a predicate to form a complete idea.
4. ______ do not have both a subject and a verb.
5. A ______ represents one or more sounds in speech.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Create Examples
1. Write your own examples for:
o A phrase
o A clause
o A sentence
2. Identify the subject and predicate in the following sentences:
o Sara writes poetry.
o They are playing in the park.
True or False
Decide if the following statements are true or false:
1. A clause always contains a subject and a verb.
2. A sentence can be made without a predicate.
3. A phrase contains a subject and a verb.
4. Letters are the basic units of words.
5. The sentence "She eats mangoes" is an example of a clause.
Identify the Parts
Underline the subject and circle the predicate in these sentences:
1. The children are playing football.
2. Birds fly in the sky.
3. My mother is cooking dinner.
4. They will visit the museum tomorrow.
5. We are studying grammar.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Choose the correct answer:
1. What is a sentence?
a. A group of letters that form a word
b. A group of words that gives complete meaning
c. A character representing a sound
d. A set of rules for language

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
2. What does a clause always contain?
a. A verb and object
b. A subject and predicate
c. A subject and verb
d. A phrase
3. Which of the following is an example of a phrase?
a. She is reading.
b. On the table
c. Birds fly high.
d. I am learning grammar.
4. The main parts of a sentence are:
a. Words and letters
b. Subject and verb
c. Subject and predicate
d. Phrase and clause
5. What is the function of the predicate in a sentence?
a. It describes the subject.
b. It introduces a phrase.
c. It defines grammar rules.
d. It forms the alphabet.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Parts of Speech
Part: Means segment or section
Speech: Means talking or conversation
Parts of speech are a traditional term that refers to words that form speech.
Or: Words that are divided into different groups or classes according to their grammatical
function in a sentence is called parts of speech.
There are eight parts of speech in English.
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
1. Noun
It is derived from a Latin word “Nomen” which means “a name” or “naming word”.
Noun is a word or group of words that gives a title to a person, place, or thing.
Noun is a name that is used to name the following:
i. Person: Ali, Ahmad, Jamal
ii. Place: Pakistan, Islamabad, Afghanistan
iii. Thing: Pen, Pencil, Chair, Car
iv. Animal: Lion, Tiger, Cat, Dog
v. Idea: Sadness, Pain
vi. Quality of mind: Love, Like, Dislike, Hate
vii. Title: Doctor, Nurse, Teacher
Types of Noun:
Proper Noun
 Refers to specific names of people, places, or things.
 Always starts with a capital letter.
 Examples: Ali, Islamabad, Quran
Common Noun
 Refers to general names of people, places, or things.
 Examples: boy, city, book
Concrete Noun
 Refers to things that can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, or tasted.
 Examples: table, apple, dog

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Abstract Noun
 Refers to ideas, feelings, or qualities that cannot be seen or touched.
 Examples: love, bravery, freedom
Countable Noun
 Refers to things that can be counted.
 Examples: books, chairs, apples
Uncountable Noun
 Refers to things that cannot be counted.
 Examples: water, air, sugar
Collective Noun
 Refers to a group of people, animals, or things.
 Examples: team, herd, bunch

Exercise
Matching Definitions
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Terms Definitions
Noun A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Proper Noun A noun that refers to a specific name or title.
Common Noun A noun that refers to general names of people or things.
Abstract Noun A noun that names feelings or qualities.
Concrete Noun A noun that can be perceived by the five senses.

Find the Nouns

Read the following sentences and underline the nouns. Then, classify them into the appropriate
categories (Proper, Common, Abstract, etc.).
1. Ali is reading a book under a tree in Islamabad.
2. The team showed great bravery during the match.
3. The teacher distributed sugar to students as a reward.
Noun Hunt
Walk around your home and list examples for each type of noun:
1. Proper Nouns
2. Common Nouns
3. Abstract Nouns
4. Concrete Nouns
5. Countable Nouns
6. Uncountable Nouns
7. Collective Nouns
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct noun from the box.
Word Bank:
Ali, happiness, water, team, apple, teacher, freedom, chair, car, Pakistan

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 Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
1. The ___ drove his students to a competition.
2. An ___ a day keeps the doctor away.
3. The ___ worked together to win the game.
4. ___ is essential for life on Earth.
5. My family is planning a trip to ___ during the holidays.
6. ___ is something everyone deserves in life.
7. The ___ is speaking about the importance of education.
8. Ali's smile shows his ___ after receiving an award.
9. ___ bought a new book yesterday.
10. Please sit on the ___ while we wait

2. Pronoun
It is derived from a Latin word “Pronomen” which means “for a noun”

A word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition and simplify sentences. It refers to people,
places, things, or ideas without explicitly naming them.
Examples: He is Ali.
They are Ayan and Muhsin.
She is Marwa.
He is Ahmad.
Types of Pronouns
I. Personal Pronouns
 Refer to specific people or things.
 Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them.

Subjective case: Used as the subject of a sentence.
I am learning grammar to improve my English.
You are invited to my birthday party.
He plays football every evening in the park.
She is reading a novel in the library.
It is raining heavily outside.
We are going on a trip to the mountains next week.
They have completed their homework on time.

Objective case: Used as the object of a verb or preposition.

The teacher praised me for my hard work.
She gave the book to him.
Can you please help her.
The teacher called us after the class.
She invited them to her birthday party.

II. Demonstrative Pronouns

 Point to specific things or people.
 Examples: this, that, these, those.

This is my favorite dress.

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 Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
That looks like a beautiful painting.
These are the flowers I bought yesterday.
Those were the best days of my life.
Exercise
Identify the Pronouns
Read the sentences below and underline the pronouns. Then, classify them as Personal
Pronouns (Subjective/Objective) or Demonstrative Pronouns.
1. I am preparing for the exam.
2. This is the gift I wanted to buy.
3. The teacher praised her for her hard work.
4. They are planning a surprise party.
5. Can you please pass me that book?
6. We are visiting the museum tomorrow.
7. These are the shoes I bought last week.
8. She gave the chocolate to him.
Fill in the Blanks
Choose the correct pronoun to complete each sentence.
1. ___ (I/Me) enjoy reading novels during my free time.
2. Please give the keys to ___ (he/him).
3. ___ (That/These) is an interesting painting.
4. My friends and I are going on a trip, and ___ (they/them) will join us later.
5. ___ (This/Those) are the best cupcakes I have ever tasted.
6. Can ___ (you/they) help us with the decorations?
7. The teacher called ___ (we/us) after the class.
8. ___ (She/Her) is reading a storybook in the library.

3. Adjective:
It is derived from a Latin word “Adjectivus” which means to add.
A word that explains, modifies, or give further information about a noun or pronoun is called
Adjective.
Examples:
Ali is smart boy.
He is intelligent.
She is a good doctor.
Peshawar is hot.
Exercise
Identify the Adjectives
Read the sentences below and underline the adjectives.
1. Ali is a brilliant student.
2. She is wearing a beautiful dress.
3. The weather in Peshawar is hot during summer.
4. My car is new and runs smoothly.
5. He gave a long and interesting speech.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Fill in the Blanks
Choose an appropriate adjective from the word bank to complete each sentence.

Word Bank: smart, tall, fresh, happy, cold

1. The coffee is still ___.
2. She is a ___ girl who loves to learn.
3. The sky looks ___ after the rain.
4. Ali felt ___ after solving the puzzle.
5. The boy is very ___ compared to his classmates.

Adjective Hunt
Look around your surroundings and write down five adjectives that describe objects or
people you see.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. ________________________________________________________________________

4. Verb:
It is derived from a Latin word “Verbum” which means an action/state.
Verb is a word that shows an action or state.
It shows the following:
i. It shows what a person or thing does.
Ali plays Cricket.
My Computer works fast.
ii. Verb shows what is done to a person or thing.
Ali was beaten by his friends.
My car is fixed by mechanic.
iii. A verb shows that a person or thing is (state).
We are students.
My computer is old.
Types of Verbs:
There are two main kinds of verbs:
i. Main verb: A verb that is used to show action or state is called main verb.
Examples: She eats a mango.
ii. Auxiliary/helping verb: They help main verbs to form different tenses.
Example: He is going to school.
Ali was absent today.
We are learning grammar.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Exercise
Identify the Verbs
Read the sentences below and underline the verbs. Then, label each verb as Main Verb or
Auxiliary Verb.
1. Ali plays cricket every evening.
2. We are learning grammar in class.
3. My computer works very fast.
4. She was reading a book.
5. The car is fixed by the mechanic.

Sentence Formation
Write one sentence for each type of verb listed below:
1. A sentence with a Main Verb to show action.
2. A sentence with a Main Verb to show state.
3. A sentence with an Auxiliary Verb helping the main verb.
Example:
 Main Verb (Action): Ali plays cricket every evening.
 Main Verb (State): My computer is old.
 Auxiliary Verb: We are learning grammar.

5. Adverb:
It is derived from Latin word “Adverbium” which means to add something to the meaning of a
verb.

Adverb is a word, Phrase or a clause which modifies or adds something to the meaning of a verb,
adjective, another adverb, clause and a sentence.
In most cases adverb ends with “ly”
Examples:
She dances beautifully.
He eats quickly.
He teaches well.
He works hard.
She lives happily.
Exercise
Identify the Adverbs
Read the sentences below and underline the adverbs. Then, identify which word the adverb
modifies (verb, adjective, or another adverb).
1. She sings beautifully.
2. He completed the task quickly.
3. The baby is sleeping peacefully.
4. The athlete runs very fast.
5. They spoke quite loudly during the meeting.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Fill in the Blanks
Choose the correct adverb from the word bank to complete each sentence.
Word Bank: happily, slowly, well, loudly, carefully
1. The children played in the park ___.
2. He drives his car ___.
3. She explained the topic very ___.
4. The teacher spoke ___ to get the students’ attention.
5. The old man walks ___ every morning.

Match the Adverb to the Sentence

Match each adverb to the sentence it fits best.

Adverb Sentence
Happily He ran ___ to catch the bus.
Energetically She entered the room ___.
Brilliantly The student solved the problem ___.
Quickly They celebrated their victory ___.
Quietly The dancer performed ___.

Sentence Formation
Write one sentence for each of the following adverbs:
1. Beautifully
2. Hard
3. Happily
4. Slowly
5. Carefully
6. Preposition:
It is derived from a Latin word “Preaposition” which means placing before.
A word or group of words that is placed before noun or pronoun to show its relationship to some
other words in a sentence is called Preposition.
On (Indicating position or surface)
 The cup is on the table.

In (Indicating location or inside of something)

 She is in the room.

At (Indicating a specific point or place)

 I'll meet you at the park.

Under (Indicating a position beneath something)

 The shoes are under the bed.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Above (Indicating a higher position)

 The bird flew above the tree.

Between (Indicating the middle of two things)

 The park is between the library and the school.

Behind (Indicating a position at the back of something)

 The car is parked behind the house.

Through (Indicating movement in one side and out the other)

 She walked through the door.

Over (Indicating movement from one side to the other, or position above something)
 The airplane flew over the mountains.

With (Indicating association or accompaniment)

 She went to the store with her friend.

For (Indicating purpose or recipient)

 This gift is for you.

To (Indicating direction or movement towards a place)

 He is going to the office.

By (Indicating the means or agent)

 I traveled by bus to work.

From (Indicating the origin or starting point)

 She came from a small town.

About (Indicating the subject or topic)

 We were talking about the new course.

After (Indicating time following something)

 We will go for dinner after the meeting.

Before (Indicating time preceding something)

 Finish your homework before dinner.

During (Indicating time within an event or period)

 He called me during the class.

Along (Indicating movement in a line or direction)

 They walked along the beach.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Across (Indicating movement from one side to the other)
 The dog ran across the field.

Exercise
Identify the Prepositions
Underline the prepositions in the following sentences:

1. The cup is on the table.

2. She is in the room.
3. I shall meet you at the park.
4. The shoes are under the bed.
5. The bird flew above the tree.
6. The car is parked behind the house.
7. She walked through the door.
8. This gift is for you.

Fill in the Blanks

Choose the correct preposition from the options provided to complete the sentences.

1. The park is located ___ the library and the school. (between/under)
2. The airplane flew ___ the mountains. (over/behind)
3. She went to the store ___ her friend. (with/in)
4. He is going ___ the office. (to/above)
5. We will go for dinner ___ the meeting. (after/during)
6. The dog ran ___ the field. (across/along)
7. Finish your homework ___ dinner. (before/over)

Sentence Formation
Write one sentence using each of the following prepositions:

1. Above
2. Under
3. Through
4. Along
5. Between

7. Conjunction:
It is derived from a Latin word “Conjunct” which means to combine.
A word or group of words that combines words, phrases and clauses is called conjunction.

Co-ordinate Conjunction: It is also called coordinative or coordinating conjunction.

Conjunctions that combine words, phrases and clauses that are equal in grammar and meaning
are called coordinate conjunction.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Note: They are also called FANBOYS.

i. For (Indicating reason or cause)

 I stayed home for it was raining outside.

ii. And (Indicating addition)

 She likes coffee and tea.

iii. Nor (Used to introduce a negative alternative)

 He doesn't like apples, nor does he enjoy oranges.

iv. But (Indicating contrast)

 I want to go to the park, but I have to study.

v. Or (Indicating choice or alternative)

 You can have tea or coffee.

vi. Yet (Indicating contrast, similar to "but")

 She studied hard, yet she failed the exam.

vii. So (Indicating result or consequence)

 It was raining, so we stayed indoors.

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Oxford Public High School Saddo, Timergara Dir Lower
Winter Vacation Learning Assignment Date: ___ /___ /___
Exercise:

Identify the Conjunctions

Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences:

1. She likes coffee, but she doesn’t like tea.

2. We can go to the park, or we can stay home.
3. He is tired, yet he keeps working.
4. The movie was good, so we watched it twice.
5. Would you like pizza and burger for lunch?

Fill in the Blanks

Choose the correct conjunction from the word bank to complete the sentences.

Word Bank: and, but, or, so, for, yet

1. He didn’t study for the test, ___ he failed.

2. You can have an apple ___ an orange.
3. She wanted to go shopping, ___ it started raining.
4. He is not feeling well, ___ he still came to work.
5. I was hungry, ___ I made a sandwich.

8. Interjection:
It is a word or phrase that is used to show emotions or sudden feelings of mind. (Sadness,
happiness, surprise, etc)

Examples:
Wow, it is so nice car.
Hurrah, we won the match.
Ouch, you hurt my finger.
Alas! She died.
Shshsh, she is sleeping.
Oh! I forgot the keys.
Mmmmm, it tastes delicious.

Student Name: ______________________________

Father/Guardian Name: ______________________

Father/Guardian Signature: _________________________

Note: If the assignment is not complete, don’t sign it.

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