QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
Under the Guidance of M K YADAV Sir & Team
INDEX
1 FACTSHEET & GRAPHS (SAMPLE) 2
- FACTS TO GRAPH (PRACTICE SHEET)
2 KEYWORDS & USAGE 7
- KEYWORDS & USAGE (PRACTICE SHEET)
3 BEST FORMULAE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT 10
- FORMULA (ON EXPECTED TOPICS): PRACTICE SHEET
4 CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES: Local, National, International 12
5 FROM THE SPEECHES: PM, PRESIDENT, & VP 15
6 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/REPORTS/INDICES 16
7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT: QUICK REVISION CARD 17
8 CURRENT UPDATES FROM NEWSPAPER (SELF-NOTES) 19
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
Under the Guidance of M K YADAV Sir & Team
1 FACTSHEET & GRAPHS
GRAPHS BASED FACTSHEET
SUB-HEADING GRAPH
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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FACTS TO GRAPH (PRACTICE SHEET)
• 3rd most vulnerable to disasters (World Risk Report
2024)
India’s
Vulnerability
• 50% of public infrastructure in India is unprepared
for disaster management. (CBRE + CII survey).
CYCLONES
• India exposed to nearly 10% of World’s Tropical
Cyclones.
• Cyclone & Tsunami: 75% Indian coastline prone.
Vulnerable
Zones/Areas
• 8% of the area and 1/3rd of Indian population
vulnerable to cyclone-related disasters.
• Sunderbans: cyclone capital of India.
EARTHQUAKES
• About 60% area of India is vulnerable to earthquakes
where >80% of the population live.
Vulnerability
• India recorded about 160 earthquakes in just 4 last
months (Feb, 2025), raising concerns.
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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FLOODS
• >12% of India’s land is prone to floods and river
erosion.
Vulnerability & • Children and women more vulnerable: constituting
Impact 85% of the deaths during disasters.
• Monetary cost of flood in India: >$3 Billion in 2021
(WMO)
DROUGHTS
• >40% of India’s land area & 70% of cropped area
prone to drought, affecting nearly 40% of the
population.
Drought
Vulnerability
• Increase in drought-prone areas by 60% (in last 25
years).
• India’s GDP reduced by 2-5% (between 1998-2017)
due to droughts (UNCCD Report)
DESERTIFICATION & LAND DEGRADATION
World
• 25% of world’s land area has been degraded.
• 40% of world’s population is impacted negatively
Land Degradation
India
• 30% of India’s land underwent degradation in 2018-19
(ISRO Report).
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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HEATWAVE
• Globally: Since the 1980s, each decade has been warmer
than the previous one. 2024 has been warmest till date.
Heat Waves
Vulnerability
• India: Nearly 90% of India is in a “danger zone” from
heatwave impact (PLOS Climate).
URBAN FIRES
Incidences • 60% of Fire related fatalities occur in Residential
buildings (NCRB).
• Economic Cost: Fire outbreak is 4th biggest risk to
business continuity & operations (India Risk Survey
(IRS) 2022)
Impact
• Impact on vulnerables - Of all fire related deaths, >60%
were women (NCRB)
FOREST FIRE
• >35% of forest cover is fire prone (ISFR – 23).
Vulnerability & • 75% of fires are due to human activities (WWF)
Impact
• > 5000 forest fire incidents in Uttarakhand alone
between 2022-23 (ISFR – 23).
• Economic Cost: 1.75 lakh cr annually (MoEFCC)
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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LANDSLIDES
• India is among the Top 5 landslide-prone countries
globally.
Vulnerability
(Landslide atlas -
ISRO) • About 13% of India’s geographical land area is prone
to landslides.
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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S 2 THEME WISE KEYWORDS
Sr.# KEYWORDS FOR USE IN BODY OF THE ANSWER
• Disaster as a calendar event in India
- Usage:
1
• Creeping Disasters, Slow-onset disasters (drought, coastal erosion, heatwave), Silent Killers, Silent Vs.
Violent Disasters
- Usage:
• Disaster ‘Hotspots’ ➔ Confluence of Climate change, Natural disasters, and Human density
- Usage:
• Collective failure (of Humanity, Nations, Government, communities, etc)
- Usage:
KEYWORDS FOR USE IN WAY FORWARD/CONCLUSIONS
• Build Back Better
- Usage:
• ‘Local Resilience’ through ‘Local participation’
- Usage:
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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• From ‘response and relief’ to ‘prevention and mitigation’ centric approach
- Usage:
• From ‘Fractional ownership’ to ‘Responsibility Matrix’
- Usage:
• Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM)
- Usage:
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• Combination of Top-down, institutional changes and strategies, with Bottom-up, local and
community-based approaches
- Usage:
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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KEYWORDS & USAGE (PRACTICE SHEET)
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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3 BEST FORMULAE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
FORMULAE BY theIAShub
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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FORMULA (ON EXPECTED TOPICS): PRACTICE SHEET
CROWD DISASTERS
HEAT/COLD WAVE
FOREST FIRES
URBAN FLOODS
CYCLONE MANAGEMENT
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
CRISIS VS DISASTER MANAGEMENT
COALITION FOR DISASTER RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE (CDRI)
CHEMICAL/INDUSTRIAL DISASTER
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4 CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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INTERNATIONAL
• Philippines, Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR):
- Purok System: It is promoted as a voluntary self-organization at the sub-village level which
strengthens community resilience to natural hazards.
- Includes: information dissemination and evacuation measurements between all levels of political
administration that stem from the system’s remarkable enforcement of human and social capital.
• Thailand, Disaster Risk Reduction in Schools: Students learn about hazards, preparedness, and
response strategies. This initiative has empowered students to become agents of change and
disseminate disaster risk reduction knowledge within their communities.
• New Zealand: Christchurch Earthquake Recovery
- Christchurch implemented a comprehensive recovery plan focusing on building resilient
infrastructure, community engagement, and urban redevelopment.
- Earthquake Education Program: Integrated earthquake preparedness education into its school
curriculum to raise awareness and empower students to respond effectively.
• Japan:
- Tsunami & Floods: It includes constructing tsunami-resistant buildings, improving coastal defenses,
and implementing strict building codes to ensure structural resilience.
✓ Coastal forest as effective barrier; GPS buoy system for monitoring waves and tidal levels.
- Urgent earthquake detection and alarm system to shut off electricity supply. Quake proof
technology - jacket method in bridges, seismic isolation at homes.
- Quake proof technology - jacket method in bridges, seismic isolation at homes.
• Netherlands, Flood Risk Management: An integrated approach, combining engineering solutions (such
as dams and dikes) with natural measures (such as wetland restoration and coastal protection).
• World Food Programme, Emergency Telecommunications Cluster (ETC): It deploys mobile
communication equipment, satellite connections, and other ICT solutions to enable effective
communication among responders, affected communities, and humanitarian organizations.
• Philippines, Purok System: voluntary self-organization at the sub-village level which strengthens
community resilience to natural hazards.
• China: To fight urban flooding and creating sustainable urban infrastructure.
- China is trying to transform 30 of its megacities into “sponge cities”.
- Green roofs to slow down run-off into drains, urban forests to enable percolation, groundwater
recharge and wetlands to absorb and reuse two-thirds of their water.
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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5 FROM THE SPEECHES: PM, PRESIDENT, & VP
5.1 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER
‘SPEECHES’ TO ‘FORMULA’ (Can use in GS & Ethics)
• Jan Chetna (Public awareness) + Jan Bhagidari (public participation) + Jan Suraksha (people’s
protection) = Jan Kalyan in Disasters (Public Welfare in crises)
• Recognition of Risk + Reform of Systems + Redesign of Response = Reduced Disaster Vulnerability
• Build Back Better + Build Back Greener + Build Back Safer = Bharat That Builds Back Wiser
• Preparedness + Participation + Presence of Mind = Suraksha (Safety) as a Mindset
[PM-Suraksha is not a policy, it is a mindset.]
• CDRI + G20 Resilience Agenda + One Earth Vision = Global Good, Local Resilience
• Early Warning + Fast Response + Last Mile Reach = From Disaster Victim to Disaster Warrior
5.2 SOME QUOTES FROM FAMOUS PERSONALITIES (FOR ESSAY)
• When disaster strikes, it tears the curtain away from the festering problems that we have beneath them. -
Barak Obama
• Sometimes it takes a natural disaster to reveal a social disaster. - Jim Wallis
• Disaster mitigatio increases the self-reliance of people who are at risk – in other words, it is empowering. -Ian
Davis
• Preparation through education is less costly than learning through tragedy. - Max Mayfield
• Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will. – Gandhiji
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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6 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/REPORTS/INDICES/RECOMMENDATIONS
ECONOMIC SURVEY: DISASTER & ITS MANAGEMENT
ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024-25 has highlighted:
• Role of technology: Technologies like geo-targeted and automated multi hazard, multi-media early warning
alerts to citizens have reinforced India’s resilience against natural disasters.
• PAHAL - A repository of designs of housing typologies that are suitable to different regions/ states has been
developed and made available to the beneficiaries.
- These designs incorporate elements of disaster resilience, the use of eco-friendly local materials and skills,
the use of cost-effective technologies etc.
• Disaster and impact on women: Climate change and frequent disasters disproportionately impact women,
especially those in rural and low-income households, threatening their livelihoods.
• India as the 7th most vulnerable country to climate change, highlighting the country's susceptibility to:
- Extreme weather events
- Slow onset phenomena like sea-level rise
- Biodiversity loss
- Growing water insecurity
- It pointed: India faces severe weather extremes, with 93% of days in 2024 marked by significant climate
events such as heatwaves, cyclones, and floods.
IMPORTANT INITIATIVES
• Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI): Global initiative by India-42 countries & 7 orgs joined;
supports SIDS, sectors like power & telecom.
• UNDRR Work Programme 2024–25: Focuses on accelerating disaster risk reduction aligned with the Strategic
Framework 2022–2025.
• G20 DRR Working Group: Under India’s G20 Presidency-Identified 5 DRR priority areas; boosted global
cooperation.
• Regional Cooperation (SCO, BIMSTEC, IORA): MHA & NDMA: Joint exercises and exchange of disaster
management best practices.
• Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC): INCOIS- Real-time risk predictions for Indian Ocean region;
UNDRR recognized.
• HADR Missions (e.g., Turkiye & Syria 2023): Demonstrated global solidarity; dispatched rescue & medical teams’
post-earthquake.
IMPORTANT ACTS/COMMITTEES/COMMISSIONS
• NDMA Guidelines: stress on coordinated disaster preparedness, timely response, community engagement,
infrastructure resilience, risk reduction, capacity building, and technology integration for effective disaster
management ➔ National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)
• Regulatory Measures for Climate Resilience: The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notifications (2011 & 2019),
specifically targets the management of mangroves, coral reefs, and other critical ecosystems.
• Subhas Chandra Garg Committee-(2019): Reviewed functioning of the Disaster Response Funds (SDRF/NDRF)
and recommended guidelines for fund utilization.
• 14th & 15th Finance Commission: Allocated funds for disaster response and mitigation under NDRF and SDRF;
focused on strengthening state-level capacity.
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9 DISASTER MANAGEMENT: READY-MADE VALUE ADDITION
INTRODUCTION:
Disaster Definition based
• A disaster is a sudden, severe disruption causing significant human, economic, or
environmental losses, which exceeds the ability of affected community to cope
using its own resources.
Disaster Definition based
Management • Disaster Management is the organization and management of resources and
responsibilities to deal with all aspects of emergencies—preparedness, response,
and recovery - to lessen the impact of disasters.
Disasters Fact based
Vulnerability of • India’s geo-climatic conditions and high degree of socio-economic vulnerability
India makes it one of the highly disaster-prone areas in the world (3rd most vulnerable,
World Risk Index, 2024).
ACADEMIC KEYWORDS BASED CHALLENGES: USAGE
• Creeping Disasters: Gradual-onset hazards like droughts, groundwater depletion, and soil erosion often
receive delayed policy responses. Eg. Latur, Maharashtra water crisis of 2016.
• Fragile Infrastructure: Weak codes and unchecked construction increase seismic and flood
vulnerabilities. Eg: 2023 Joshimath cracks due to poor slope stability and overbuilding.
• Lack of Local Resilience: Weak community-level institutions, limited public awareness, and insufficient
training reduce the capacity for grassroots-level response.
• Reactive Policies: Focus remains on relief and rehabilitation rather than on disaster risk reduction, early
warning, and preparedness. Eg: Chamoli flash flood (2021) lacked community alerts.
• Institutional Fragmentation: Poor coordination among central, state, and local agencies leads to
duplication, inefficiencies, and delayed response.
ACADEMIC KEYWORDS BASED WAY FORWARD: USAGE
• Future-Proof Infrastructure: Promote climate-resilient and disaster-resilient design standards in
construction, especially in critical sectors like housing, transport, and health.
• Vulnerability Mapping: Develop detailed, dynamic risk and vulnerability maps integrating socio-
economic, environmental, and hazard-specific data.
• Nature-Based Solutions: Leverage ecosystems such as mangroves, wetlands, and forests as buffers
against floods, storms, and landslides.
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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
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• Technological Adaptation: Enhance use of advanced technologies—such as AI, satellite-based
monitoring, early warning systems, and mobile-based communication—for real-time disaster
management.
• Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM): Empower local communities through training,
participatory planning, and integration of traditional knowledge systems.
KEYWORDS BASED CONCLUSION
• India’s disaster policy has rightly moved from ‘disaster management’ to ‘disaster risk management’ to
proactively lessen the possibility of a disaster.
• Building disaster-resilient India requires shifting from ‘response and relief’ to ‘prevention and mitigation’
through early warning, resilient infrastructure, and community-based preparedness.
• India’s disaster strategy must anchor on Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM) to turn
vulnerable communities into first responders.
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8 CURRENT UPDATES FROM NEWSPAPER (SELF-NOTES)
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