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Digital Divide

Tnct topic grade 12

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63 views13 pages

Digital Divide

Tnct topic grade 12

Uploaded by

knownsastheunknown
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Lesson A: Digital Divides me century ushered in ind gronndl breaking developments in ICT. In this lesson, we will lespite functionit ies, and nations, I 4 means of connecting people, commu: ns, ICT can. still trigger what we ea mn the mid-1990s, as the Internet ene a 0 ita Ee ential, governments and i S gaining milenge and manifesting its immense saineithepad nternational organizations have been looking into ways solve global issues. On the onset of new millennium, it has vente clerks AGES {f new millennium, it Plays an important role in making our world a better place This initiative began by: zeroing in on the specifics: How can ICT help alleviate ty; improve the delivery of education and health care, and make government services © accessible? How can it improve our daily lives? slobal events have proven how ICT can turn the tide in favor of economic ery. In the US, for instance, investments in ICT mitigated the effects of the global in 2009 when US President Barack Obama laid out his plan for an ncreased spending for broadband, electronic medical records, green energy investments, and ICT infrastructures for schools and libraries, to make the US competitive while also stimulating creation of new jobs. When the COVID-19 pandemic affected most: countries of the world, ICT rose to prove its principal function—to build bridges and establish connes and nations. Governments made full use of digital technology as it waged a battle against an invisible enemy, the COVID-19 virus. Private and public sector tumed to digital ns between. people Lesson Objectives Ai the end of he lesson, the learners should be abe to ‘Sacuse the nurs ofthe ch, vide + cla some factors whi digital dads; ond abort on how digi! rides cr Essential Question What isthe digital diva Why is thera @ ighl id 3. Wht sector of he society suflers mot from he digit Gide? Motivational Activity During the remote leoring yor 2020-2021, cit he it “iil hat you ond your clossmotes faced. Build ods Sih these challenges come ¢ the woy Pethops you con alt {acu how you wish 10 ove these odveriies in online remote leoming (Source: Wikipresence. hp commons [Link]/t Fle:Kids wih loop i LESSON 4: DIGITAL OMIOES, tpl die is erm vsed ‘epreset the gop tht ens heen howzehol, communis, ts ond notions wh regard ‘ccs o ICT copa, hls, ces, and cies.” to track data such yy ing, dedicated webst* 1d to the erisis BY puilding maa i ee ed where andl ove ro obtain eid from he COVEN 1“ a ae 4 touchin base with colleagues and workmates, usiig the ‘ 1 to turn in important work di ee email Existing apPss of cities placed under locke 1 shopping apps: hav arantine menstires vg through its relevant $ ‘econtial supplies. Most impo ce v1) ner Pm cs wsers to ep th cat rete fastest way possible nc avail medical assistance Jocal and global in SeoPe> tend to bring to light social seme, for inseance, exposed ais he most meager resources £2 COPE rable to the csease de to POE nutrition food delivery and own and extreme a ortantly, the Philippit at to get their most tate agencies, yyealth condition an Social phenomena, both the inequities. The COVID-19 pand the poor and unemployed having antine and the most vuln parities in income, with with the extende state-sanctioned 4 and lack of medical. access “The phenomena. of the digital revolution and the dramatic changes it Drought: has sso brought to light some simple questions that we may ask in the context of the widely accepted fact that the Internet has vd.a broad and far-ranging impact tO all nations and societies. a diferent scenario altogether Digital Divide Defined ‘The term digital divide was first used in 1995 by he US National ‘Telecommumien Some an Information Administration (NTIA) in a report titled “Falling Through the Net: New Data on the Digital Divide” The report analyzed the low accessibility of telephones and computers among low-income groups. sae a ‘van Djike defined digital divide as “the gap between those who Pa : not a access to computers and the Internet” (2006). From the OECD it is “the gap between individuals, households, busi . ; s, businesses, and geographic areas ee socioeconomic levels with regard both to their da © access and to their use of the Internet for a wide vari : le variety of activities” pole a (2001) referred to ICTs as “a rie box Rrieting nes ies of power inforei ae paced fay: be aba deeper divisions between informatie” + Mi he tuned-out, wists ” Today, the digital divide exists a i ee et ee ae mn those in city centers and those pa anes ae literate and illiterate; between the educated 2! ‘uneducated socioeconomic : isuaiiiadic tiebtahithiact | omic groupes. andl globally, between high-inco™™ ae industrially developed and \ within a community or within populatis beter Pade Bete uit ane Cae with access to uneven for“! computer, low-speed Internet connect for instance, have low-perfort ace cecal ee onnections, and limited access to nai i 7 s cal pein a! ae fe, This Bovey ome, ny The problem is often disc sussed in the int t,t Oy makers cite that the richer countries are far more ey “ey IEP and are in a better positon to optimize the gains from the rapidly expanding, ilities and. servi net, It is also best illustrated by how low-income of the Int bate | countries are further driven to margin by the Jock pf [Link] IEE, wile the thoi, high- and mecium-income countries ar to leverage ICT to serve the goals of te ay," progress and hi an development As early as 1998, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has recognized that The network society fy crenting parallel communications systems: One for thowe with income, etueation and literally connections, given plentiful information at low cost and hhigh speed; the other for thase without connections, blocked by high barriers of time, ‘cost, and uncertainty, and dependent upon outdated information, UNESCO (1998) ‘concurs with this proposition, stressing thatthe divide that exists between rich and poor countries, also known as North-South divide, “may be exacerbated in situation where ‘most of the world’s population lacks basic acces to a telephone, let alone a computer. discussion on the digital divide can be best appreciated from a comparative pective, that is how one country is at par with other countries in terms of access and the Internet, In the Philippines, classified by the World Bank as a le income country, the digital divide manifests itself in various ways. For | connection speed in the Philippines for fixed broadband Internet moved in July 2016 to 19.28 mbps in February 2019, a 143% improvement and a half years (Mercado 2019). However, despite these improvements, -and fixed-line Internet speeds in the Philippines still fall below the rom a report of ABS-CBN News, Speedtest Global stated that the 139 surveyed countries (ABS-CBN News 2019). also an aspect worth looking at. According to the Philippines in 2016, the Philippine pensive in the world while offering the lowest ‘experienced vis-d-vis the cost of a ® in the Philippines (at $7.10) compared real price of data services vis-i-vis *y showed. that a typical Filipino needs to log in over 10 hours ‘The same bandwidth was Indonesia, Malaysia, and re standing problems, such as scant resources and poor infrastrictiré support hide Te Private sector support provided (he muich-need logical infusion, yet there is still Inck of capability atnony tenchors to inst r ion to addre P * of access should be broadened to include not only t those who are Potentially vulnerable to social exclusion, such as the disabled rsraphically remote, even sectors of society which have been stercoty' f interested or predisposed to technological innovations, such as wornen nnd the elder! With broadband Internet now tit ersally recognized as a vital te ‘nomic development, we red to make connectivity 1 key development pri particularly in the world’s poorest nations,” re ternational Technological Union (ITU). “Connectivity is not a luxury for the Fi ather, it is the most powerful tool mankind has ever had at its disposal to bride jevelopment gaps in areas like health, education, environmental management, and empowerment,” added ‘Toure. warked Touire, secretary general al Inclusior The International ‘Telecor cations Union (ITU) defines digital inclusion a mpowering people through information and technology.” From the University ¢ V nington's Building Digital Communities: A Framework for A nclusion is explained as: 1e ability of individuals and groups to access and ital inclusion encompasses not only acce technologies. Di vailabitity of hardware and software; relevant content und effective use of tnformuation an he digital literaey skills required for effe technologies: ‘Sauce: SAMO) to the entire range ehidon pe en "hue ing opportunities ‘and channels for skin, fing for IC rrmding and expt bil oe Oa nal Developrr (USAID) has mnaintaitiey Ean 6 Oa tk the value obtained from the digital Pal Development tear tenure ate oe a ta te ve and vulnerable sectors ved from wecion that will be generat eth to questions are 8 follows hy tions. The refl tintive, The two ide the roa ced to be a fall participant im the digi he tools and eapmbilities need + What are err 1 ayatems must be in place to enable People to a, |. What polices, platforms, and sy Warned epi la aad poly rome of UA sora il Dig ein bat at al actions should be underwiy aaa anet social policy. Hence, itis important to gain the support of legal, cate ss. The following three A’s should guide the Meanwhile sion should address : iis also aware tl by legislation ns international orgnnizati policymakers in crafting legislation: : Services and facilities should be available, affordable, and user-friendly + Access in design, Adoption ~ The ‘tizenry should realize that ICT skills are relevant to their «Application ~ ICT should find its application in econornic and workforce deve coment, education, health care, public safety and emergency services, civic engagement, and socialization Another framework about digital inclusion was proposed by Bradbrook and Fisher (2008) who acvocsted five C's of digital ineusion: + Connectivity — pertains to access and connections to the structures that provide access + Capability ~ can be used interchangeably with skill. Capability also needs 1 be upgraced on a regular basis, given the rapid development in the field of ICT * Content ~ pertains to how conteit is made relevant to its users and with ‘heir contexts. For example, it should consider that conteit is provided through ty of the people can understand. Instructions 8 vocational technology websites, for instance, shot ‘communicat its end-users seamlessly. ee a 7 + Confidence - means users should improve om believe in the efficacy of ICT to improve the! + Continuity ~ is related to the intricately part of the « « language that the majori ‘dea of William Dutton on how the Internet ® ‘ety life, almost obliterating the divisions betwee? ne ‘ ‘SA mona, 90 COMMMCARONS oMoIoGy The G sents mot that is am two plat tablets, ¢ Internet evolution Moree digital ir = Net rem tare, ofs tion oper * Tey gad tax + Co bar are: tach Inty req, will Inclusion pertains to the enti hardware and software © upgrading and capacity * Toward Digital Inclusior fhe United States Axency for International Development (USAID) hy vs rit in Tho retcton Uhh wl be generted inquiry should guide the program i tive. The two qltestions are as feller: a co tn toc Mt RANA coed Lo bel parila Sd nn il inchusion, it asked two questi upon those tools and capabilities? a bon oats rene ae inclusion is action-driven, butvit is also aware that all actions should be underwrit, : The Global Syst) sents mobile compa that is anchored + Adoption — The citizenry should realize that ICT skills are relevant to ther most countries. Gt concn evolution (LTE). Moreover, GS lives. «Application — ICT should find its application in economic and workforce deve ‘opment, education, health care, public safety and emergency services, cvs engagement, and socialization. ‘Another framework about digital in 2004) who advocated five C’s of digital inclusion: pertains to access and connections to the structures thi \clusion was proposed by Bradbrook and Fisher digital inclusion: + Connectivity + Network i provide access. + Capability be upgraded on a regular basis, + Content — pertains to how content is aple, it should consi ‘more exper target cont of setting, tions indu ‘can be used interchangeably with skill. Capability also needs given the rapid development in the field of IC made relevant to its users and witht der that content is provided ‘throug? an understand. Instructions their contexts. For exa fa language that the majority of the people ci operating vocational technology websites, for instance, should be able to communicate + Taxation its end-users seamlessly gadgets a «Confidence - means users should believe in the effieacy of ICT to improve the taxes on lives + Consun «© Continuity ~ is related to the idea of William Dutton on thow the Internet ® barrier { intricately part of the everyday life, almost obliterating the Avisos ane ‘ the digital world and the everyday world. Digital inclusion should ad . ne = the usefulness of ICT to everyday life and speak of how it could mitigate Lond will be problems surrounding the modern world, © ag Ne Is for Ae ot for “kin suide th friendly to their ‘ce devel. e8, civic id Fisher res that needs to {of ICT 4 withio The Global System for Mobile sents mobile companies across the Association (GSMA), an organization that repre- perlieer lobe, provides a framework for digital inclusion ; Proaclening access to the Internet. This is because enabling one's a ie connect to the Internet is the overarching goal of digital inclusion for MA's framework seeks to upgrade mobile Internet connection in two platforms: first, through mobile phones, mobile modems, 5B wireless modem, tablets, or any other mobile device; and second, through providing access to mobile Internet via a high-speed connection, such as 4G or otherwise known as long-term evolution (LT Moreover, GSMA hus prioritized on obliterating the following four barriers to digital inclusion + Network infrastructure and policy ~ There is a growing call to prioritize remote, rural areas, even if the cost of installing and maintaining cell towers are more expensive but less profitable because of the socioeconomic profile of the Thus, there is a call for government support to share costs target consumers. of setting up infrastructures and providing public subsidies. Telecommunica tions industries are also looking at alternative and renewable energy sources for operating cell sites to lessen the costs Taxes can restrict consumer access and increase the cost of both, es itis also levied on usage. Reducing ntly close the gap of the digital divide, «+ Consumer barriers ~ Illiteracy—both the common and digital kind—is a sponsible and efficient use of the Internet, Even. in ucture installation for increased access has been achieved, skills in Internet use will pose @ major challenge. Most ‘xt-based and require functional literacy, The Intermet res its users to have the abilities to use, find, create, and share content that 9 life 0 + Taxation gadgets and subscription to services. signific taxes on Internet: services will barrier to a widespread areas where infrast lack of awareness and In requil will be serviceable to on srnet resources are (ouce:imahonho pbocm/ phos eng hones horde me 149009 The mojo canted or Internet an English which ‘ot he priory ongvoge § ‘mony people od thereby | ‘ccenaly ond viene * Local Content — Localizing content in a platform Uist is mamively Scope is a big challenge. The majority of eo nt on the Internet isin fy which 4 1 not the primary language for many people, thereby lieing «ath bity anew truly relent mint be geared toward the local popuintion and rat aq the particularity of their cultiron and their lived! worlds (GSMA 2014). le Tn 2019, the government of New Zenland through the project Digital tng haeprin, tanned 0 ning tor ttt eon ting he ert OF accede opportunitie, end o engage with the digital wore bj having linited acces tothe Internet, digital devies, services, content hat moet their expresed neds, and ae able to cone tinge they can live a life where they can work, learn, and have fun + Skills having very litle know-how to use the Internet and digital + Trust ~ having very little trust in the Internet. and online services, of digital tools news of the content, For the Internet ultures, conte the barriers to digital inclusion by iments: motivation, access, skills, and trust + Motivation — Inck of appreciation digital technology can help ts connect quently having meaningful purpose + Access ‘thi While the four elements demonstrate the complex nature of digital inclusion, g an also be the conceptual tools by which managers, school administrators, officials, and policy makers can use to encourage technologies. the broad citizenry to tap into i¢y Motivation can be pursued by providing digital literacy courses, unde how digital technology can improve lives, accelerate learning, and enable 4. performance of duties. * Access is broad and covers three aspects—affordability, availability, ap connectivity. Skills can only be acquired if the institutions—schools, corporations, organs tions in the public and private sector—will create programs and. projects fe skills upgrading and capacity-building and will institutionalize the bodies tat discharge such functions, * Trust can be generated if the constituents see results and if tr accountability whe bs problem, b ‘Assuch, th processes, tation post Alongsi also launel the longst Bridgit present ae as in the such as it marginali terms of | that in massively global jg scope is « big ci nnguage for mA ‘o be truly relevant to al rltures and the project Digital Inclusion icaarty of their € ee ty naming four interdepen. f New Zealand throus a urs to digital ine ‘ a skills, and trust. f elements: motivation, ces fing on how the Internet and stand and conse: ec vgage with the digital world a devi, eros, softwar, ‘+ Motivation ~ lack of ligital technology can help us ‘quently having a meaningful purpose 0

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