■ Physics Formula Sheet
■ Chapter 1: Measurements & Motion
■ Units & Conversion
1 dm = 10■¹ m
1 cm = 10■² m
1 mm = 10■³ m
1 µm = 10■■ m
1 nm = 10■■ m
■ Areas & Volumes
A=l×b
A = 1/2 × base × height
A = πr²
C = 2πr
V=l×b×h
V = πr²h
1 cm³ = 10■■ m³
■ Motion
v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2 at²
v² = u² + 2as
s = (u+v)/2 × t
a = ∆v / ∆t
v=s/t
v_avg = (u+v)/2
■ Forces & Moments
W = mg
F = kx
F = ma
M = F × d⊥
■ Momentum & Impulse
p = mv
∆p = m∆v
F = ∆p / ∆t
∆p = F∆t
■ Energy, Work & Power
Ek = 1/2 mv²
Ep = mgh
W = Fd
P = W/t
P = ∆E/t
η = (useful output / input) × 100%
■ Density & Pressure
ρ=m/V
p=F/A
p = hρg
F1/A1 = F2/A2
■ Chapter 2: Thermal Physics
■■ Temperature
K = °C + 273
■ Gas Laws
pV = constant
V/T = constant
p/T = constant
(p1V1)/T1 = (p2V2)/T2
■ Heat & Energy
∆E = mc∆θ
∆E = mlf
∆E = mlv
■ Chapter 3: Waves
■ Wave Equation
v = fλ
■ Refraction & Optics
n = sin i / sin r = c / v
sin c = 1/n
■ Lenses
M = image size / object size = v/u
■ Sound
v = 2d / t
■ Chapter 4: Electricity & Magnetism
■ Charge & Current
I=Q/t
Q = It
■ Energy & Voltage
E=W/Q
V=W/Q
W = QV
■ Ohm’s Law & Resistance
R=V/I
V = IR
I=V/R
R∝l/A