Computer Science Notes for 6th Class (Unit 01: ICT
Fundamentals)
These notes are compiled and organized from the provided images, structured into Multiple
Choice Questions (MCQs), Short Questions, and Detailed Questions for comprehensive
study.
1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
A. Tick (✓) the Correct option (From Image 1)
No. Question Options Correct Answer
(a) television, (b) cell
ICT is an umbrella term phones, (c)
1. (d) All
that includes: communication devices,
(d) All
Set of instruction given (a) hardware, (b)
2. to a computer to perform software, (c) both a and (b) software
specific task is called: b, (d) none
Software that is (a) application software,
designed to run (b) utility software, (c)
3. (c) system software
computer's hardware is system software, (d)
called: embedded software
(a) application software,
Operating System is an (b) utility software, (c)
4. (c) system software
example of: system software, (d)
embedded software
(a) application software,
MS Office is an example (b) utility software, (c)
5. (a) application software
of: system software, (d)
embedded software
(a) heart of computer,
(b) lungs of computer,
6. CPU is also called: (d) brain of computer
(c) hands of computer,
(d) brain of computer
(a) Pascal, (b) Charles
Charles Babbage is
Babbage, (c) Howard
7. called father of (b) Charles Babbage
Aiken, (d) Al-
computer.
Khwarizmi
No. Question Options Correct Answer
(a) communication
The system used to
system, (b) navigation
control and monitor
8. system, (c) environment (b) navigation system
movement of cars and
management, (d) digital
crafts is called:
experiments
ICT is Eco-friendly (a) computer, (b)
9. because it has eliminated mobiles, (c) printers, (d) (d) papers
the use of: papers
(a) picking goods, (b)
ICT devices are used in
10. lifting heavy parts, (c) (d) All
different industries for:
3D printing, (d) All
B. Multiple Choice Questions (From Image 4)
No. Question Options Correct Answer
Which of the following (a) Communication
is not typically devices, (b) Television,
1. (d) Refrigerators
considered a component (c) Cell phones, (d)
of ICT? Refrigerators
Which of the following
(a) Video conferencing,
is not a service or
(b) Distance learning, (c)
2. application that is (d) Gardening
Social media, (d)
typically included under
Gardening
the umbrella of ICT?
(a) Input data only, (b)
What type of data can a Output data only, (c)
(c) Both input and
3. computer store for future Both input and output
output data
use? data, (d) Neither input
nor output data
The process of retrieving
data and information (a) Input, (b) Output, (c)
4. (d) Retrieval
from a computer's Processing, (d) Retrieval
storage is called:
The type of software is
(a) System software, (b)
responsible for
Application software, (c)
5. managing a computer's (a) System software
Driver software, (d)
hardware and running
Network software
other programs:
The best-known (a) Microsoft Office, (b)
6. example of system Photoshop, (c) Operating (c) Operating System
software is: System, (d) Excel
(a) Windows OS, (b)
What is an example of
7. Office Suite, (c) Game (b) Office Suite
application software?
Controller, (d) Printer
No. Question Options Correct Answer
(a) tell a computer how
to function, (b) monitor
The purpose of software the computer's hardware, (a) tell a computer how
8.
is to: (c) store data and to function
information, (d) connect
to the internet
(a) Control the devices
and peripherals, (b)
Interface between the
(b) Interface between the
What is the role of hardware and user
9. hardware and user
system software? applications, (c) Perform
applications
specific functions for the
user, (d) Connect to the
internet
(a) Run the hardware
and application
The function of programs, (b) Perform (a) Run the hardware
10. operating system in specific functions for the and application
system software is to: user, (c) Connect to the programs
internet, (d) Control
devices and peripherals
(a) Inputting data, (b)
What is the main
Storing data, (c)
11. function of the CPU in a (c) Processing data
Processing data, (d)
computer system?
Displaying data
(a) connect peripheral
devices to the system
The purpose of hardware unit, (b) connect the (a) connect peripheral
12. interfaces in a computer system unit to the devices to the system
system is to: internet, (c) run software unit
applications, (d) store
data
(a) Keyboard, mouse,
monitor, (b) CPU,
What are some examples primary memory, system
(a) Keyboard, mouse,
13. of peripheral devices in board, (c) Hard drive,
monitor
a computer system? CD drive, USB ports, (d)
Operating system,
applications software
(a) Input, storage,
Peripheral devices are display, (b) Processing (a) Input, storage,
14.
used for: and storage, (c) Outer display
casing, (d) Software
(a) Provide power and
connectivity, (b) Process
What does the system (a) Provide power and
15. and store data, (c)
board do? connectivity
Connect peripherals, (d)
Run software
No. Question Options Correct Answer
(a) Abacus, (b)
What was the first
Mechanical computer,
16. device used for (a) Abacus
(c) Integrated circuit, (d)
calculations?
Microprocessor
(a) Vacuum tubes, (b)
What was used for the
Transistors, (c)
17. circuitry in first (a) Vacuum tubes
Integrated circuits, (d)
generation computers?
Microprocessors
(a) Batch operating
What types of operating systems, (b) Real-time
systems were used in operating systems, (c) (a) Batch operating
18.
first generation Time-sharing operating systems
computers? systems, (d) Network
operating system
(a) Transistors, (b)
What replaced vacuum
Integrated circuits, (c)
19. tubes in second (a) Transistors
Microprocessors, (d)
generation computers?
RAM
2. Short Questions
B. Briefly answer the following questions (From Images 1 & 2)
1. Define ICT, how is it helpful in everyday life? Ans. ICT stands for Information and
Communication Technologies. ICT is defined as "a set of computing tools that collectively
allow people and organizations to interact in the digital world."
2. Differentiate between data and information. Ans. The difference between data and
information is as follows:
Feature Data Information
Information is generally
Data is "facts and figures" that are
processed data that has meaning
Definition unorganized and unrefined. The
in context, organized and refined
data has no specific meaning.
form of data.
The data is independent of the
Dependency Information is dependent on data.
information.
3. Enlist basic components of a computer. [Link] basic components of a computer are as
follows:
(1) Hardware
(2) Software
(3) Peripheral devices
4. Why CPU is called brain of computer? Ans. The CPU, or central processing unit, is
often referred to as the "brain of a computer" because it is responsible for executing
instructions and performing calculations. It is the most important component of a computer
system, as it performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the
computer. Essentially, the CPU is the part of the computer that "thinks" and makes decisions,
just like the brain does for the human body.
5. Enlist any three computers of first generation. [Link] three computers of the first
generation are as follows:
(1) ENIAC
(2) UNIVAC-I
(3) EDVAC
6. Write a note on 5th generation of computers. Ans. 5th generation computers have been
utilized since 1980 and continue to be used till now. This is the present as well as the future
of the computer world. The defining aspect of this generation is artificial intelligence.
7. Enlist any five devices of ICT. [Link] ICT devices are as follows:
(1) Printers
(2) Storage devices
(3) Imaging devices
(4) Keyboards
(5) Monitors
8. Discuss applications of ICT devices in Business. Ans. ICT includes technology that
assists individuals, businesses, and organizations. ICT devices make business more efficient
and effective. ICT devices support various business activities such as design, manufacturing,
R&D, distribution, and collecting and evaluating sales and feedback, etc.
9. Write down any five advantages of ICT devices. [Link] five advantages of ICT
devices are as follows:
(1) During classes, teachers can use photos, videos, and graphics to teach more effectively.
(2) ICT promotes and improves the digital culture in schools, colleges, and universities.
(3) ICT provides independent learning platforms for students.
(4) ICT has enhanced data and information security.
(5) ICT is bridging the cultural divide by allowing individuals of different cultures to
communicate with one another.
10. Write down any five disadvantages of ICT devices. [Link] five disadvantages of ICT
devices are as follows:
(1) Not accessible everywhere.
(2) Risk of cyber-attacks and hacks.
(3) Expert persons are required to handle ICT.
(4) Implementation of ICT is expensive.
(5) Managing courses online is difficult for teachers.
3. Detailed Questions
C. Answer the following questions in detail (From Images 2 & 3)
1. Discuss three types of software. [Link] following are three types of software:
(i) System software
(ii) Application software
(iii) Driver software
• System Software: System software is a type of computer program that is designed to
run a computer's hardware and application programs. System software is the interface
between the hardware and user applications. Operating System is the best-known
example of system software. The OS manages hardware as well as all the other
programs in a computer.
◦ Examples: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android.
• Application Software: Application Software is a type of computer program or
software package that performs specific functions for a user. The functions performed
by application software can be for an individual, for an organization, or for an
educational institute. Application software is also known as productivity software or
end-user software.
◦ Examples: Office Suites, Graphics Software, Databases, Web Browsers,
Image Editors.
• Driver Software: Driver software is also known as a device driver. It is often
considered a type of system software. Device drivers are used to control the devices
and peripherals connected to a computer system. It also enables them to perform their
specific tasks.
◦ Examples: Game controllers, Software that enables standard hardware, such as
printers and scanners.
2. Differentiate between second and third generations of computer. Ans. The difference
between second and third generations of computers is as follows:
Second Generation
Feature Third Generation Computer
Computer
The third-generation computers
Second-generation computers utilized Integrated Circuit (IC)
Technology Used used transistors as the primary Technology, which was a major
technology. advancement from the previous
generation.
Second Generation
Feature Third Generation Computer
Computer
The third-generation computers
The computers of the second
were quicker, smaller, more
generation were larger and slower
Size and Speed reliable, and less expensive than
compared to the third-generation
their predecessors, making them
computers.
more desirable to use.
In addition to COBOL, the third-
COBOL was the primary generation computers also utilized
Programming Languages programming language used in FORTRON-II to IV, and
second-generation computers. PASCAL PL/I as programming
languages.
IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, IBM-360 series, Honeywell-6000
Examples
and CDC 3600. series, and IBM-370/168.
3. Discuss applications of ICT in manufacturing industries. [Link] entry of ICT devices
has revolutionized the manufacturing industry and led the industry toward the development of
heavy machines. ICT has increased the productivity of industries and saved production time.
ICT tools are being used in various industries for various purposes such as:
(1) Welding parts of the cars
(2) Paint spraying cars in car factories
(3) Manufacturing microchips
(4) Lifting heavy parts of the cars
(5) Packing goods into boxes
(6) CPU manufacturing
(7) 3D printing
(8) Washing cars
4. Where do we use Navigation System and how does it work? Ans. Navigation systems
are used in various applications, including:
1 Automotive Navigation: Built into cars to provide drivers with turn-by-turn
directions to a destination. They use GPS technology to determine the vehicle's
location and calculate the best route.
2 Marine Navigation: Used by sailors and captains to navigate ships and boats. They
use GPS and other navigational tools, such as electronic charts, to determine their
position, avoid obstacles, and reach their destination safely.
3 Aerospace Navigation: Used in aircraft to help pilots determine their position, track
their progress, and reach their destination safely. These systems use GPS, as well as
other navigational tools such as Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and radio
navigation systems.
4 Outdoor Navigation: Used by hikers, campers, and other outdoor enthusiasts. They
use handheld GPS devices to help them find their way in unfamiliar terrain.
Navigation Systems Working: Navigation systems use a combination of GPS signals and
maps to determine the location of a device and calculate the best route to a destination. GPS
signals are received from a network of satellites in orbit around the Earth and are processed
by the navigation system to determine the device's location. The navigation system then uses
maps and other data, such as road and traffic information, to calculate the best route to the
destination and provide turn-by-turn directions.
5. Differentiate between hardware and software. Ans. The difference between hardware
and software is as follows:
Feature Hardware Software
(1) Set of instructions, data, or
(1) Components that can be seen
Physical and tangible programs that control the
and touched.
behaviour of a computer.
(2) Provides the instructions for
(2) Performs the actions and tasks
Physically performs the computer to function and
directed by the software.
perform specific tasks.
(3) Interdependent with the (3) Interdependent with the
software for the computer to hardware for the computer to
Interdependent
perform properly and produce a perform properly and produce a
useful output. useful output.
(4) Easily upgraded or changed by
(4) Upgrading or replacing
Upgrading or replacing installing new programs or
requires a more involved process.
updates.
(5) Usually specific to the device
(5) Easily transferred from one
Specificity it is installed on and cannot be
device to another.
easily transferred.
4. Functions of ICT Devices
D. Write the functions of following ICT devices (From Image 3)
1. Printer Ans. A printer is a peripheral device that is connected to a computer and is used to
produce a hard copy of documents, images, and other types of information stored
electronically on the computer. The main function of a printer is to convert digital data into a
physical form, such as a printed document, photograph, or label.
2. Keyboard Ans. The primary function of a keyboard is to input text and other data into a
computer or other device. It typically includes letters, numbers, and various function keys,
such as enter, backspace, and control. Some keyboards may also include additional keys or
buttons for specific functions, such as media control or internet access.
3. Scanner Ans. A scanner is a device that captures images of photographs, documents, and
other types of physical media and converts them into digital form. The primary function of a
scanner is to digitize written or printed text, images, and other data from physical documents,
photographs, or other forms of media. Scanners can be connected to computers, laptops, or
other devices and can be used to create digital copies of important documents, photographs,
artwork, and other types of media for storage, editing, or sharing. Some scanners also have
the ability to read barcodes and QR codes.
4. Monitor Ans. A monitor is an electronic visual display that is used to display information
from a computer or other device. The primary function of a monitor is to display the visual
output of a computer, such as text, images, and video. A monitor typically receives the output
signal from a computer or other device through a video cable and then uses a cathode ray
tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) to display the image on the screen. Monitors
come in various sizes and resolutions and can be used for a wide range of tasks such as office
work, gaming, graphic design, video editing, and more.
5. Smart Phone Ans. A smartphone is a versatile and powerful mobile device that combines
the functionality of a computer with the ability to make telephone calls. It allows users to
communicate through phone calls, text messages, and internet-based apps such as email,
instant messaging, and video conferencing. Additionally, it provides internet access through
cellular data or Wi-Fi, allowing users to browse the web, check social media, and access
various apps and services. Smartphones also have the ability to run various apps, play games,
and perform various tasks such as managing calendars, taking photos and videos, accessing
GPS navigation, and much more. It has become an essential device in our daily life,
providing access to information, entertainment, and communication all in one device.
5. Additional Information (Implicit Detailed Questions)
A. ICT Includes (From Image 1)ICT includes:
(1) Communication Devices
(2) Television
(3) Cell Phones
(4) Computer Hardware
(5) Network Hardware
(6) Satellite Systems
(7) Various services and applications such as video conferencing and distance learning etc.
B. Key Computer System Concepts (From Image 4)
• Role of System Software: Interface between the hardware and user applications.
• Function of Operating System: Run the hardware and application programs.
• Main Function of CPU: Processing data.
• Purpose of Hardware Interfaces: Connect peripheral devices to the system unit.
• Examples of Peripheral Devices: Keyboard, mouse, monitor.
• Use of Peripheral Devices: Input, storage, display.
• Function of System Board: Provide power and connectivity.
• First Device for Calculations: Abacus.
• Circuitry in First Generation Computers: Vacuum tubes.
• Operating Systems in First Generation: Batch operating systems.
• Replacement for Vacuum Tubes in Second Generation: Transistors.
