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Photosynthesis: Carbohydrate Production

The document explains the process of photosynthesis, where plants use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to synthesize carbohydrates, primarily glucose, which is essential for energy and growth. It details the role of chlorophyll in capturing sunlight and the transport of nutrients through xylem and phloem in leaves. Additionally, it describes the structure of leaves and the function of guard cells in regulating gas exchange.

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Izzati Anuar
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10 views6 pages

Photosynthesis: Carbohydrate Production

The document explains the process of photosynthesis, where plants use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to synthesize carbohydrates, primarily glucose, which is essential for energy and growth. It details the role of chlorophyll in capturing sunlight and the transport of nutrients through xylem and phloem in leaves. Additionally, it describes the structure of leaves and the function of guard cells in regulating gas exchange.

Uploaded by

Izzati Anuar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

6.

1 making carbohydrate using light energy (photosynthesis)


- Plant nutrient:
- substances that plant use to make a new cell, repair old part, release
energy
- plant make nutrient by using: carbon dioxide, water and mineral ions
- take soil and air
- process called as photosynthesis: require light energy
- Meaning: process by which plant synthesise carbohydrate
from raw materials using energy from light
- occurs: in the chlorophyll => water and carbon dioxide
react together to make carbohydrates and oxygen
 chlorophyl: able to capture the energy from sunlight
Pass the energy to water and carbon dioxide
To produce carbohydrate (glucose)
 Word equation of photosynthesis
sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water ----------> glucose + oxygen
Chlorophyl
 Formula equation (chemical formula)
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
 How plant uses carbohydrate:
o Glucose: use to provide energy for cell activities
 Energy is released by respiration
o Glucose: use tor storing in form of starch
 Starch: not soluble -> cannot use in the
reaction
o Other part of the plant (except the leaf) that need
to use the energy : glucose will change into sugar
(sucrose -> large molecules of glucose)
 Sucrose is carried from one part of the plant
to another inside the tube called phloem
 When the sucrose reach at the destination:
it will change back into glucose.

 Glucose: to make cell wall (cellulose)


o Cellulose: link of glucose molecules in long chains
(straight)
 Glucose: to make nectar (to attract pollinator)
o Nectar -> sweet : made of different sugars
(glucose)
 Glucose: to make other substances
o Chlorophyl -> made from magnesium + glucose
o amino acid (protein) -> plant growth
 made from nitrogen (take from the soil)
combine with glucose to make amino acid
6.2 leaves
- inside the leaf stalk -> collection of parrel tube: called as vascular bundle

Xylem and phloem


- leaf:
- large surface area ( a lot of chlorophyl) -> increase rate of
photosynthesis
- very thin
-> light can pass right through easily -> increase rate of
photosynthesis
-> CO2 can reach all the cell quickly by diffusion

 inside the tube


o xylem : transport water to all the part of plant
 water: from soil -> root hair cell
o phloem: transport nutrient (magnesium, nitrogen)
tissues in a leaf
- leaf: made up of several layer of cell

To reduce quantity of water


vapor escaping the leaf
Do not contain chloroplast
Secrete a waxy substance
(cuticle)

Contain chloroplast
Photosynthesis take
place

Contain less chloroplast


Not pack: have space in
between (air space)
 Allows CO2 and O2 to
diffuse in the cell
 Allows water vapor
to move from the
surface to the Surrounded by a pair of guard cell
outside of the cell
 Guard cell: open and close for gas
exchange, allows water vapor to diffuse
out

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