MAPPING VALUE CHAIN ACTIVITIES

TOMATO PRODUCTION VALUE CHAIN (AS-IS)

(Pre- (During (Sells and (Service after sells
production) (Post production
production) purchase ከግብይት በኋላ
ቅድመ ምርት ድህረ-ምርት) ግብይትና ሽያጭ) አገልግሎት
የምርት ሂደት

Market Crop Primary Market Warranty &

Intelligence &
Research & Establishment Processing & Traceability
Strategy

Input Sourcing & Crop Packaging & Pre-Sales Technical &

Labeling Preparation Advisory Support
Procurement Maintenance &

Agronomic & Quality & Processing Order Execution & Feedback Collection
(Alternative Documentation
Technical Growth Value Stream) & Market

Labor & Harvest Storage & Facilitation & Market

Function Tasks
Management Operations Inventory
Management

Logistics & On-Farm Post- Waste Valorization Sourcing Strategy &

Supplier
Infrastructure Harvest & Disposal
Identification

Pre-Planting Labor &

Coordination Resource Main chain
Management
during Sub chain
 Tomato Production Value Chain: Key Parameters
Value Chain Key Parameters (AS-IS) Potential TO-BE Improvements
Stage (Example/Direction)
Input Supply
- Type & source of seeds - Shift to certified high-
(hybrid/open-pollinated) yield/disease-resistant seeds
- Fertilizer type & access - Promote integrated soil
(organic/inorganic) fertility management
- Pesticide/herbicide use & - Implement Integrated Pest
access Management (IPM)
- Irrigation system & water - Adopt efficient irrigation
source (drip/sprinkler)
- Availability & cost of - Establish input credit
credit for inputs schemes or farmer
- Role of agro-dealers & cooperatives
suppliers
Production - Average yield per hectare - Introduce good
(Farming) - Farming practices (land agricultural practices (GAP)
prep, planting, weeding) training
- Labor source - Mechanize specific
(family/hired) & cost operations (e.g., planting)
- Technology & equipment - Adopt climate-smart
used (manual/tractor) practices (mulching, shade
- Major risks & losses nets)
(pests, diseases, weather) - Improve harvest timing &
- Harvesting methods & techniques to reduce
timing damage

3. Post- - Primary processing - Establish local

Harvest (sorting, grading, washing) collection/packhouses with
Handling - Packaging at farm level basic facilities
(types, cost) - Introduce standardized
- On-farm storage methods crates to reduce damage
& losses - Train on basic post-harvest
- Transportation from farm handling & grading
to collection point - Improve first-mile
transport (e.g., use of
trolleys)
4. Processing - Level of processing (none, - Introduce small-scale
drying, puree, packaging) processing (solar drying,
- Number & capacity of packaging)
 processors - Promote value-added
- Technology used products (tomato paste,
- Quality standards & powder)
certification - Upgrade technology for
efficiency & quality
- Obtain quality
certifications (e.g., ERS,
ISO)
5. Marketing - Market channels (local - Develop direct linkages to
& market, brokers, bulk buyers/retailers
Distribution wholesalers) - Establish market
- Price determination information systems (e.g.,
mechanisms SMS alerts)
- Market information access - Form/strengthen farmer
for farmers marketing cooperatives
- Transportation to market - Improve cold chain
(cost, mode, losses) logistics for fresh tomatoes
- Role of cooperatives or
farmer groups

6. Support - Extension service access & quality - Strengthen

Services - Access to finance (loans, insurance) public/private
- Research & development linkages extension
- Infrastructure (roads, electricity, market facilities) services<br-
- Regulations & policies affecting the chain Develop tailored
financial products
(crop insurance,
loans)
- Enhance farmer-
researcher
partnerships for
adaptive varieties
- Upgrade rural
infrastructure (feeder
roads, storage)
7. Overall - Power dynamics & key decision-makers - Promote inclusive
Chain - Coordination mechanisms among actors multi-stakeholder
Governance - Contractual relationships (formal/informal) platforms
- Standards & enforcement along the chain - Develop and
enforce written
contracts/agreements
- Establish
traceability systems
- Empower farmers
through collective
bargaining
 Tomato Production Value Chain – AS-IS and TO-BE Analysis Parameters
Key Activity / Sub-Activity Key AS-IS Parameters (What to Observe/Measure)
parameters
Crop Sub-Activity Key AS-IS Parameters AS-IS TO-BE
Establishme (What has
nt & Observed/Measure)
Planting Land Land clearing method
Preparation (manual, tractor)

Soil tillage type & depth

Bed formation (raised/flat,

dimensions)
Soil amendment used
(type, rate, source)
Time between prep and
planting
Seedling Seed source (saved, local
Production market, certified)

Nursery type (open bed,

tray, pot)

Seed treatment practices

Seedling age at
transplanting
Nursery management
(watering, pest control)
 Transplanting Transplanting method
(manual, mechanical)
Spacing used (between
plants & rows)
Time of day/weather
conditions
Watering immediately
after transplanting
Use of starter fertilizer
Crop Irrigation - Water source (rainfed, river,
Maintenance well, canal)
& - Irrigation method (flood,
Management furrow, drip, sprinkler)
- Frequency & timing of
irrigation
- Water use estimation (if any)
Fertilization - Type of fertilizer
(organic/inorganic)
- Application rate, timing, and
method
- Number of top dressings
- Soil testing before application
(Y/N)
Pest & - Major pests/diseases
Disease observed
Control - Control methods (chemical,
cultural, biological)
- Pesticide type, frequency,
dosage
- Safety measures during
application
- Use of IPM (Integrated Pest
Management)
Weed - Weeding method (manual,
Control mechanical, chemical)
- Weeding frequency
- Herbicide use (type, rate)
Quality & Crop - Frequency of field inspection
Growth Monitoring - Indicators monitored (growth
Monitoring stage, pest signs)
- Record keeping (Y/N,
format)
- Action taken upon problem
detection
 Supporting - Use of staking/trellising
Practices (Y/N, material)
- Pruning/suckering practices
- Use of mulch (type, benefit
observed)
- Shade net/rain cover use (if
any)
Harvest Harvesting - Harvesting method (manual,
Operations tool-assisted)
- Maturity index used (color,
size, firmness)
- Frequency of harvest (daily,
weekly)
- Time of day harvested
- Container used during harvest
(basket, bucket, sack)
Field - Sorting at field level (Y/N,
Handling criteria)
- Field packing (Y/N,
packaging material)
- In-field transportation to
collection point
On-Farm Immediate - Washing after harvest (Y/N,
Post-Harvest Handling water source)
Handling - Sorting & grading standards
(if any)
- Defect removal process
- Packaging material (wooden
crate, plastic crate, sack)
On-Farm - Storage facility (none, shed,
Storage room)
- Storage duration before sale
- Storage conditions
(temperature, ventilation)
- Estimated losses during
storage (%)
Labor & Labor - Labor source (family, hired,
Resource exchange)
Management - Gender division of tasks
- Skill level & training of
laborers
- Wage type (daily, piece rate)
Inputs & - Source of inputs (local shop,
Tools cooperative, agro-dealer)
 - Access to credit for inputs
- Tools/equipment used (hoe,
knapsack sprayer, etc.)
- Mechanization level (low,
medium)
Record - Farm records kept (inputs,
Keeping & labor, yield, sales)
Planning - Use of agricultural extension
services
- Planning for next season
(based on records/market)

This table provides a structured framework for assessing current practices, efficiencies, gaps,
and challenges at the farm level. You can use these parameters to design surveys, interview
checklists, or field observation guides to collect real-world AS-IS data.