Disclaimer:
“In preparation of this lesson, materials have been taken
from different online sources in the shape of books,
websites, research papers and presentations etc. However,
the author does not have any intention to take any benefit of
these in his own name. This lecture is prepared and
delivered only for educational purposes and is not intended
to infringe upon the copyrighted material. Sources have
been acknowledged where applicable. The views expressed
are presenter’s alone and do not necessarily represent
actual author(s) or the institution.”
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Semester: Fall, 2024
Research Methodology
Lecture # 4
Saturday November 30, 2024
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Research Proposals
Discussion
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How to write a paper?
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I assume that every one of
you has your own laptop.
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Recap
• What is abstract?
• Importance of abstract
• Typical template for abstract
• IEEE template, Springer template, Elsevier template
• Structure of abstract
• Common problems related to abstract
• Abstract examples
• Extended Abstract
• Class task
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ILOs of the Lecture
• Workflow
• Before staring your paper
• Paper structure
• Peer review process
• Task
• Assessment # 4: Extended Abstract
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Workflow
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Before Starting
• Don’t underestimate the time and effort it takes.
• Which conference? which journal?
• Download the template and read it first to
understand the guidelines.
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Before Starting
• Do you have related papers? Search latest papers
related to your topic.
• Do have your data in organized form (well shaped
written document/tables/graphs/figures).
• Decide what data to use and what NOT to use.
• (For students) write a very short draft to define
the outline and discuss it with your supervisor.
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Where to start?
• The title and the abstract are very important .
• Very important to be written first.
• Choose a temporary title: you will most likely
change it along the way .
• DO NOT start with the abstract: you would
change it anyway.
• Start with the introduction, instead.
As we discussed in last class, title and abstract are the
most important parts of a research paper.
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Introduction
• To establish the context of the work being
reported.
• To state the purpose of the work.
• To explain briefly your approach and outcomes
your study can reveal.
• What did we know about it before I did this
study?
• Write problem, which needs to be addressed.
• Write contribution of your work.
• Sometimes, this section contains related work.
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Related Work
• Works related to your work.
• For example, work on SRAM-based TCAM.
• Mention about their approach briefly.
• Discuss the disadvantages of their work to pave
way for your work.
• You may also highlight their advantages but
remember, you need to win the race.
– You may write like this – Although their work provides
lower power consumption but speed of their work is
slow and we mainly focus on improving speed.
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Paper Organization
• You may make a separate section or you
may include it with the introduction
section.
• It is important so that reader of your paper
can have outline of your paper.
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How have you achieved?
• Any architecture?
• How have you achieved it?
• Any algorithm?
• Methods?
• How the proposed one brings
improvement?
Address these questions in such a section
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How have you achieved?
• Explain the operations/functions with
examples for better understanding.
• You may provide a separate subsection for
each operation.
• Link algorithms with architectures.
Section heading should be informative. For
example, proposed architecture, proposed
system, proposed setup, proposed algorithm,
etc.
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Results
• To present the key results using both
illustrative materials (tables and figures)
and text.
• “Results” section should be organized
around a series of figures sequenced to
present the findings effectively.
• If discussion section, don’t interpret the
data here; otherwise, discuss.
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Discussion
• To interpret your results in light of what was
already known about the subject of the
investigation, and to explain the new
understanding of the problem after taking your
results into consideration.
• Do your results provide answers to the problem?
If so, how do you interpret your findings?
• Do your findings agree with what others have
shown? If not, do they suggest an alternative
explanation or perhaps a unforeseen design flaw
in your experiment (or theirs?)
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Discussion
• Given your conclusions, what is our new
understanding of the problem you investigated
and outlined in the Introduction?
This could be performance evaluation section
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Conclusions and Future work
• Sum up concisely the main conclusions you
can draw from the discussion.
• Further study you will do/you suggest the
scientific community should do.
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Now its time for abstract for journal
• Similar approach as abstract for a conference,
but...
• Shorter and ONE single paragraph....
• No long preambles
• No details on methodology or no methodology at
all (the results are more important)
• Main results
• Main conclusion
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Example of abstract
As independent financial advisors, securities firms are the core intermediaries in major
asset reorganization (MAR) of listed companies. Furthermore, they play the dual roles
of transaction and authentication. Based on this institutional background, this paper
studies how listed companies choose between industry experience (‘‘meritocracy”)
and relationships (‘‘nepotism”). Using the MAR of A-share listed companies from 2008
to 2013 as the sample, this paper shows that higher transaction costs (i.e., greater
demand for the transaction function of advisors) are related to the higher possibility of
advisors with weaker relationships and more industry experience being hired. It also
shows that higher suspicion of tunneling (i.e., greater demand for the signal of fairness
associated with advisors’ authentication function) is related to the higher possibility of
advisors with weaker relationships being hired, but it is not significantly related to
whether advisors have more or less industry experience. This paper also shows that
reputation has a certain governance effect on the negative consequences of
relationship. For the most part, listed companies reward meritocracy but not nepotism
when appointing independent financial advisors.
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Example of abstract
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Example of abstract
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Example of abstract
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Example of abstract
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Example of abstract
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Acknowledgements
• To acknowledge outside reviewers of the
drafts.
• To acknowledge any sources of funding that
supported the research.
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References
• This section simply gives a listing of the references
that were cited in the body of the paper.
• Which format
– It depends strongly on the type of the paper and on the
style template provided by the journal.
– Do cite the original work.
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Ready to submit?
• Remember to write the cover letter before
starting the online submission process (why
should the editor consider your manuscript?)
• Collect information about co-authors.
• Check figures and tables.
• Do grammar check.
Submit and wait for the outcome of the
review.
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Ready to submit?
• Remember to write the cover letter before
starting the online submission process (why
should the editor consider your manuscript?)
• Collect information about co-authors.
• Check figures and tables.
• Do grammar check.
Submit and wait for the outcome of the
review.
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Peer review process
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Peer review process
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Peer review process
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Don’t be upset, if paper rejected
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Sample sections in a paper
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Problem statement
• Contributions
• Related work
• Paper organization
• Proposed method with examples
• Simulation results and performance evaluation
• Acknowledgments
• Conclusions and future work
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Class Task
• Read at least 5 papers and find the following
points.
– Problem
– Solution
– Experiments/Simulation
– Improvement(s)
– Advantages
– Disadvantages
– Recommendations from your side.
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Class Task
• Read papers (5) and address the following points.
− Problem
− Proposed solution
− Previous solution(s)
− Why the proposed solution is better?
− Methodology
− Performance evaluation
− Disadvantages
− How can you improve/remove the disadvantages.
You need to do it also in coming classes and show me your
report. Better to make a table for it to keep the record,
which can be used in paper write up.
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Assessment # 4 –Extended Abstract
• Students have to write an extended abstract for a
conference on their selected topics.
• Max. 5 pages.
• Remember, extended abstract is a mini paper, which
may contain all the sections in a full paper.
• The topic should be a real topic of research. Start
searching for it.
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Assessment # 2 –Abstract
• Deadline (Hard) : 20th May 2023 – 12:00 midnight
(PST).
• File name: Student’s full name with registration
number and section number like Ahmad Khan (CU-
20-2021)-1
• Google classroom subject: RM- extended abstract-
student’s full name with registration number and
section number like RM-extended abstract-Ahmad
Khan (CU-20- 2021)-1.
• You first write in MS word. When you learn Latex,
then convert to Latex. Remember, extended abstract
written in MS word will not be accepted.
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Assessment # 4 – Extended Abstract
• Deadline (Hard) : 1st July 2023 – 12:00 midnight
(PST).
• File name: Student’s full name with registration
number and section number like Ahmad Khan (CU-
20-2021)-1
• Google classroom subject: RM- extended abstract-
student’s full name with registration number and
section number like RM-extended abstract-Ahmad
Khan (CU-20- 2021)-1.
• You first write in MS Word. When you learn Latex,
then convert to Latex. Remember, extended abstract
written in MS Word will not be accepted.
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How to send?
• You need to send both source file in
Latex and pdf file.
• Don’t send it yet, I will let you know.
• Send files on google classroom
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Summary
• We learned workflow for paper writing.
• What should we know before writing
paper?
• We discussed paper structure.
• We understood peer review process
• Task
• Assessment # 4: Extended Abstract
• Presentations
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Start of LaTex
• Download MikTex from the following link and install it.
• [Link]
• Downlaod TexMaker from the following link. No need to
install, just unzip the folder.
• [Link]
[Link]
• [Link]
Editors/[Link]
• You may also download from other websites.
• We will learn it in coming classes.
• Do install it in your computer. You should have your
laptop in all classes.
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Thank you
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